（2019新教材）人教版高中英语必修第二册第二单元Section Ⅰ　知识点讲义与练习.docx

1、新人教（2019）必修二第二单元 Section Listening and Speaking 终于 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵;勉强维持生计 on end 竖着;直立着;连续地 put an end to 结束 come to an end 结束 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just end upsweet dreams. (2)Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and ended up

2、a manager. (3)If you go on doing that kind of thing,youll end upprison. (4)Youll end up(get) burnt if you dont keep away from the fire. (5)After gaining two fortunes,he ended up(poorly) when he died. 2.用 end 的相关短语填空 (1)Many families struggled to. (2)My holiday isand I must go back to work tomorrow.

3、(3)It is high time that wethis discussion. Point2 die out 用法详解 (1)灭绝;绝种 How did the dinosaurs die out?恐龙是如何灭绝的? (2)(习俗等)逐渐消失 Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧习俗都在逐渐消失。 (3)(火)逐渐熄灭;(风等)逐渐停止 Once the fire has died out,the rescue team will move in. 一旦大火熄灭,救援队就会马上进入。 归纳拓展 die away(声音等)逐渐减弱;逐渐模

4、糊;逐渐消失 die down(火、兴奋等)逐渐变弱;逐渐平息 die off 相继死去;先后死去 die for 为而死 die of 死于.(主要用于指疾病、衰老等自身的原因造成的死亡) die from 死于.(主要用于指环境、事故等外部原因造成的死亡) be dying to do sth.渴望做某事 经典例题 1.改为同义句 Many species of plants and animals have died out from our planet. Many species of plants and animalsfrom our planet. 2.用 die 的相关短语填

5、空 (1)His footstepsin the darkness. (2)The excitementas time went by. (3)It used to be considered part of a young mans duty tohis country. Point3 alarming 用法详解 alarming adj.使人惊恐的;令人惊慌的;引起恐慌的 at an alarming rate/speed 以惊人的速度 The rain forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. 雨林正以惊人的速度消失。 归纳拓展 (1)a

6、larm n.惊恐;惊慌;警报;闹钟 vt.使惊恐;使害怕 in alarm 惊恐地 sound the alarm 发出警报 alarm bells 警铃 (2)alarmed adj.惊恐的;惊慌的 be alarmed at/by 对感到惊恐 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Everybody(alarm) at the news that a war might break out. (2)If a smoke detector sets offalarm in the kitchen,you should react quickly. (3)It was(alarm) that t

7、he virus had caused 11 deaths. 2.翻译句子 人口正以惊人的速度下降。 Point4 rate 用法详解 (1)n.C 速度;进度,常与介词 at 搭配,相当于 speed。 at a rate of以的速度 Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour. 大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时 5 千米。 (2)n.C 比率;率 birth/death rate 出生率/死亡率 rates of exchange/interest 汇率/利率 There has been a gradual in

8、crease in the birth rate.出生率在逐渐增长。 (3)n.C 价格;费用 What is the advertising rate in your newspaper? 你们报纸的广告价格是多少? (4)vt.评估;评价;估价 rateas 把看作rateamong认为/把算作之一 The show was rated as a success by critics and audiences. 评论家和观众都认为这次演出是成功的。 归纳拓展 at any rate 无论如何,不管怎样 rating n.等级;级别 经典例题 1.写出 rate 的含义 (1)Prices

9、 keep rising at a rapid rate. (2)His house was rated at one million dollars. (3)The exchange rate between the dollar and the RMB is changing. 2.单句语法填空 (1)I may be away on business next week butany rate Ill be back by Friday. (2)China and India(rate) as the most attractive markets now. Point5mass 用法详

10、解 (1)n.C 团;块;堆 a mass of 一团/块/堆的(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词) masses of 成团/块/堆的;大量的(修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词) The sky was full of dark masses of clouds.天空中乌云密布。 There were masses of people in the shops yesterday. 昨天商店里人如潮涌。 (2)n.群众;平民百姓,常用复数形式。 The TV programme has brought science to the masses. 电视节目已经把科学带给了平民百姓。 (3)n.U (

11、technical 术语) 质量 It is hard for scientists to calculate the mass of a planet. 科学家计算一个行星的质量是很难的。 特别提醒 masses of 做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面名词的数决定。 归纳拓展 massive adj.巨大的;大而重的 经典例题 1.写出 mass 的含义 (1)There is a mass of books on the desk. (2)The masses have endless creative power. (3)Einstein studied the relation

12、 of energy and mass. 2.翻译句子 (1)从山上滚下来的一大块石头。 _ (2)她有一大堆的工作要做。 _ Point6 aware 用法详解 aware adj.知道;意识到;明白;发觉(其后常与 of 搭配) be aware of 明白/意识到 make sb.aware of 使某人明白/意识到 be aware that 从句明白/意识到 As far as Im aware据我所知 He was well aware of the problem.他很清楚这个问题。 Everybody should be made aware of the risks invo

13、lved. 应该让人人都知道其中的风险。 I was aware that she was trembling.我察觉到她在发抖。 归纳拓展 (1)awareness n.意识 environmental awareness 环境意识 raise the awareness of sth.加强对某事物的意识 (2)unaware adj.不知道的;没意识到的;未察觉的 be unaware of 不知道 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)People should be made awarethe lack of water. (2)She hadnt read the letter and

14、so was(aware) of its contents. (3)It is important that students develop the(aware) of how the Internet can be used. 2.改为同义句 As far as I am aware,the invitations to the party have all been sent. ,the invitations to the party have all been sent. 3.翻译句子 她知道他正在生气。 _ Point7 endanger 用法详解 endanger vt.使遭危险

15、;危及;危害(后面接名词或代词) A heart attack may endanger the patients life. 心脏病发作可能危及患者的生命。 Development of the area would endanger wildlife. 开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。 归纳拓展 (1)danger n.危险 in danger (of)在危险中,有的危险 out of danger 脱离危险 be a danger to 对是危害,威胁 (2)dangerous adj.危险的 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)This type of snake has been decla

16、red an(danger) species. (2)It is(danger) to walk on thin ice in a lake. (3)The flood wasdanger to the livelihood of the people there. (4)This kind of animal is in danger of(become) extinct. Point8average 用法详解 (1)n.平均数(后常接介词 of) an average of 的平均数 Parents spend an average of $220 a year on toys for t

17、heir children. 父母为孩子买玩具的花费平均每年为 220 美元。 (2)n.平均水平;一般水准 on average 平均;基本上;大体上 above/below average 高于/低于平均水平 About 400 people a year die of this disease on average. 平均每年有大约 400 人死于这种疾病。 These exam results are above average.这些考试成绩高于平均水平。 (3)adj.平均的;普通的;(数量)中等的 The average age of the boys in this class

18、is fifteen. 本班男生的平均年龄是 15 岁。 I was just an average student.我只是一个普通的学生。 经典例题 1.写出 average 的含义 (1)Toms work at school is above average. (2)He is an average man;theres nothing special about him. (3)It takes an average of ten weeks for them to sell a house. 2.翻译句子 (1)此时的温度低于平均水平。 _ (2)大体上,普通人生活得幸福。 _ Po

19、int9make progress 用法详解 (1)make progress 进步,进展。后接介词 in,表示“在方面取得进步/进展”,progress 是不可数名词。 make great/rapid progress in (doing) 在(做)方面取得大/迅速的进步 The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.医学界在抗癌的斗争中不 断取得进步。 (2)make progress 前进;行进 There wasnt much traffic so we made good p

20、rogress. 来往车辆不多,所以我们开得很快。 归纳拓展 (1)in progress 在进行中 (2)progress vi.进展;进步 progress to sth.接着做(另一件事) 特别提醒 表示“在方面有进步”的短语:make advances in 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)We have made progress in(improve) skills of reading. (2)The game was alreadyprogress when we took our seats. (3)Our cooperation(progress) in the past

21、 decade. 2.改为同义句 She is progressing in her studies. (1)She isin her studies.(progress) (2)She isin her studies.(advance) Point10concern 用法详解 (1)vt.关心;关注 It concerns sb.that令某人担忧的是 concern oneself with/over/about 关心;担心 It concerns me that you no longer seem to care. 你似乎不再在乎,这令我担忧。 She is always conce

22、rning herself about him.她一直在关心他。 (2)vt.涉及;与有关 concern sb./sth.涉及到某人/某事 This is a great event that concerns the future of our company. 这是关系到我们公司前途的大事。 (3)n.U担心,关切;C关心的事 show/feel concern about/over/for 对表示担心/关心/挂念 The report expressed concern over continuing high unemployment. 报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。 归纳拓展

23、(1)concerned adj.关心的;担忧的 be concerned about/for 关心;挂念 be concerned with 与有关 as/so far as sb./sth.is concerned 就而言 (2)concerned 做前置定语时,表示“担心的,忧虑的”;做后置定语时,表示“有关的”。 (3)concerning prep.关于,常用于名词或代词后。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Nowadays people are more(concern) about the environment where they live. (2)A good docto

24、r should always concern(he) with his patients. (3)As a grassroots singer,she reads everything(concern) music. 2.改为同义句 (1)Dont concern yourself with matters that are not your business. Dontmatters that are not your business. (2)In my opinion,I believe that it is a wise choice. ,I believe that it is a

25、 wise choice. 3.翻译句子 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次与他们孩子的教育有关的会议。 _ Point11adapt 用法详解 (1)vt.改写 adapt sth.for sth.把改编成 adapt sth.from sth.根据改编 He is going to adapt his play for television. 他打算把自己的剧本改编成电视剧。 This play is adapted from a novel written by Dack. 这个剧本是根据达克写的一部小说改编的。 (3)vt.使适合(新用途、新情况);改造,其后常接 for use。 Most o

26、f these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 这些工具大多数已经过特别改装,供残疾人使用。 归纳拓展 adaptation n.改编本;改写本;适应 adaptable adj.有适应能力的;能适应的 易混辨析adapt/adopt 易混词区别 adapt (1)vt. 采用 特别提醒 表示“适应”的短语:adjust to (doing) sth. 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)This text is adapteda story in Chinese Literature. (2)This

27、building has been adaptedthe dormitory(寝室) of the students. (3)A desert plant adapts to(live) in a dry habitat. (4)The play is an(adapt) of a short novel. 2.改为同义句 A child can easily adapt to changes in its environment. A child can easilychanges in its environment. 3.选词填空(adapt/adopt) (1)According to

28、 the students differences,teachers shoulddifferent teaching methods. (2)Can youyour way of thinking to the new lifestyle? Point12measure 用法详解 (1)n.措施;方法 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事(=take steps to do sth.) We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area. 我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。 (2)n.度量

29、单位;尺寸,分量 maketo measure 根据尺寸定做(衣服) take sb.s measure 给某人量尺寸 The metre is a measure of length.米是长度单位。 Do you make suits to measure?你定做西装吗? (3)vt.测量,通常是表示人的名词或代词做主语。 He measured the height of the cupboard.他量了碗橱的高度。 (4)vt.量度为,通常是表示物的名词做主语,不用被动语态。 The room measures 25 feet across.这个房间宽 25 英尺。 (5)vt.权衡,使

30、相比较,常与介词 against 连用。 measureagainst权衡与(=weighagainst) I measured the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。 归纳拓展 weight n.重量 weighty adj.重的;沉重的 weightless adj.无重量的;失重的 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)I want the suit madehis own measure. (2)The house is more than twenty meters long an

31、d(measure) six meters in width. (3)He(measure) for a new suit yesterday. (4)We hope the government will take effective measures(reduce) pollution. 2.改为同义句 (1)We must take measures to prevent this from happening again. We mustto prevent this from happening again. (2)They had measured the advantage ag

32、ainst disadvantage before making the decision. Theythe advantage against disadvantage before making the decision. Point13pressure 用法详解 (1)n.U 压;挤压 apply pressure to 压住/按住 The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding. 护士压住他的胳膊止血。 (2)n.U 气压 A band of high/low pressure is moving across th

33、e country. 一股高/低气压正经过这个国家。 (3)n.U 压力;要求 under pressure 在压力下;承受压力 place/put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力 The team performs well under pressure.这个队在压力下表现良好。 He may have put pressure on her to agree. 他可能向她施加了压力,迫使她同意。 归纳拓展 press vt.压,挤,推,施加压力 press sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)He changed his mindthe

34、 pressure from others. (2)They put pressurethe government to change its policy(政策). (3)The kids(press) to do what they will not do. 2.翻译句子 (1)他们顶着压力去接受这个任务。 _ (2)不要对孩子施加太多压力。 _ Point14reserve 用法详解 (1)n.C (动植物)保护区;自然保护区。 a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区 Are you for building highways in a wildlife reserve?

35、 你赞成在自然保护区修公路吗? (2)vt.预订,预约(座位、席位、房间等) reserve a ticket 订票(=book a ticket) Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock. 我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。 (3)vt.保留;贮备 These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的。 (4)vt.拥有,保持,保留(某种权利) The management reserves the right to refuse admission. 管理部门有权拒绝

36、接收。 归纳拓展 reservation n.预订;预约make a reservation for 预订 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Ill call the restaurant and make a(reserve). (2)“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table(reserve)for customers. (3)Id prefer(reserve) my judgement until I find all the evidence. 2.改为同义句 He had reserved a train

37、ticket before the vacation began. (1)He hada train ticket before the vacation began. (2)He hada train ticket before the vacation began. Point15make out 用法详解 (1)看清;听清;分清。相当于 figure out。 I could just make out a figure in the darkness. 黑暗中我只看出了一个人的轮廓。 (2)开具,填写(表格或文件) He made out a cheque for 10,000 pou

38、nds.他开了一张 1 万英镑的支票。 (3)理解 She was a strange sort of person; I couldnt make her out. 她这个人有些古怪,我不能理解她。 归纳拓展 make for 向移动;促成 make off (with)(携带某物)匆忙离开/仓皇逃跑 make up 化妆;组成;弥补;和好;编造 make sure 确保,确信 经典例题 1.用 make 的相关短语填空 (1)In some languages,100 wordshalf of all words used in daily conversations. (2)When t

39、he group discussion is nearing its end,to conclude it with important points. (3)The children took their ice skates andthe frozen pond. (4)(2019天津卷)I could hear voices but I couldntwhat they were saying. 2.改为同义句 Im sorry I cant quite make out what you mean. Im sorry I cant quitewhat you mean. Point16

40、observe 用法详解 (1)vt.注意到;观察到,后接不带 to 不定式、现在分词或过去分词做宾补。 observe sb.do /doing sth.观察某人做了/正在做某事 be observed to do /doing sth.被看见做了/正在做某事 The police observed a man enter the bank. 警察注意到一个男人走进了银行。 He was observed to follow her closely.有人看到他紧跟着她。 (2)vt.说话;评论,后接 that 从句。 She observed that it was getting late

41、.她说天色晚了。 (3)vt.遵守(规则、法律等),相当于 obey,后接名词做宾语。 Will the rebels observe the ceasefire?叛乱者会遵守停火协议吗? The crowd observed a minutes silence in memory of those who had died. 众人为死者默哀一分钟。 (4)vt.庆祝;庆贺,相当于 celebrate。 Do they observe Christmas?他们过不过圣诞节? 归纳拓展 observation n.观察observer n.观察者;观察员 经典例题 1.写出 observe 的含

42、义 (1)He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars. (2)All citizens should observe traffic rules. (3)Chinese people all over the world observe the Spring Festival. (4)She observed that the work was well done. 2.单句语法填空 (1)He was observed(leave) the room quickly then. (2)She observed a

43、man(walk) on the opposite side of the road then. (3)The lecture was followed by an(observe) of the moon through telescopes. Point17remind 用法详解 vt.提醒;使想起,常与介词 of 连用。 remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb.+that/what/how 从句 提醒某人 Im sorry;Ive forgotten your name.Can you r

44、emind me? 对不起,我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗? This story reminds me of my childhood.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。 Be sure to remind her to come back early.一定要提醒她早点儿回来。 归纳拓展 reminder n.提示;使人回忆起某事的事物 serve as a reminder of 提醒 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Mary,I reminded Johnhis promise to help you. (2)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside

45、 the bed to keep himself(remind) of his own dream. (3)The incident served as a timely(remind) of just how dangerous mountain climbing can be. (4)He reminded me(lock) up the house when I go out. Point18 watch over 用法详解 watch over 照管;监督;保护 He is very ill,and needs someone to watch over him all the tim

46、e. 他的病很重,需要有人一直照顾他。 I watch over this place every day just to catch people like you. 我每天看管这个地方就是为了抓住你这样的人。 Is that why you watch over the neighbors? 那就是你监视邻居们的原因? 归纳拓展 watch out 小心;留神;注意 watch out for 密切注意;留意 watch your mouth/tongue(俚语)说话当心 on watch 值班,监视 mind/watch your step 走路小心; 言行小心谨慎 经典例题 1.用 w

47、atch 相关短语填空 (1)You will catch a cold if you dont. (2)He asked me tothe man who was wearing a black suit. (3)The guards were hired tothe houses as they were being built. 2.一句多译 我会照顾好我的小狗。 (1)(watch) (2)(look) (3)(take) Point19 attack 用法详解 (1)n.进攻,攻击,后面接介词 on 或 against。 launch/make an attack 发起 /进行攻击

48、under attack 受到攻击 The police came under attack from angry crowds. 警察遭到愤怒的人群的袭击。 (2)n.C (尤指常发疾病的)发作,侵袭 suffer a heart attack 心脏病发作 The women who ate the most fish were least likely to suffer a heart attack or die of heart problems.那些吃鱼 数量最多的女性,心脏病发作或者死于心脏病的可能性最小。 (3)vt.袭击;攻击 The man attacked him with

49、 a knife.那个男人持刀向他行凶。 (4)vt.抨击;非难 attackfor (doing)因而抨击(=criticizefor) She has been attacked for ignoring her own party members. 她因漠视本党成员而受到非难。 (5)vt.(疾病、昆虫等)攻击,侵袭,破坏 It is reported that this disease attacks the central nervous system. 据报道,这种疾病破坏中枢神经系统。 归纳拓展 attacker n.袭击者 经典例题 1.写出 attack 的含义 (1)The

50、 newspapers attacked the Prime Minister because of the new law. (2)The disease attacked the crops. (3)As we had expected,the attack succeeded. 2.单句语法填空 (1)When an animal isattack,it can run away or fight back. (2)The victim(受害者)(attack) with a knife and bled to death as a result. (3)China recently t