Welcome unit 语法 句子结构和成分 2021-2022学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册.pptx

1、Welcome Unit Discovering useful structures 1. study and review members of the sentences（句子成分）； 2. discover and summarize the basic sentence structures（基本句型）； 3. analyze the members of sentences and sentence structures. Learning objectives Activity : Watch and talk She is a freshman / student. She go

2、t lost. She went to a wrong class. A worker helped her. 1.Who is the girl? 2.What happened to the girl? 3.Who helped her? She got lost. She is a student. She went to a wrong class. A worker helped her. 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 动词的类型 主+谓（S+V） They laughed. They laughed.You jump. I jump!My class

3、es started. 不及物动词Vi 常用：appear, die, disappear(消失), end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain（剩下、留下）, sit, spread, stand S.Vi. Time flies. The moonrose. The mancooked. Everybodylaughed. 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 动词的类型 S.+Vt.+O. 主主+谓谓+宾宾 主+谓+宾 (SVO) I got the bad guy.She went to a wrong class.We made

4、a deal. 常用： see, catch, like, offer, raise, arouse（激发、唤醒）, find, forget, take S.Vt.O. Who knows the answer? She laughs at me. He made a cake. I bought a car. 及物动词Vt. 1. We must act. 2. The rain stopped. 3. We had a chemistry class. 4. I miss my grandpa. 5. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new e

5、xchange student. 6.My mum bought me a new dictionary. SV SVO 双宾语 宾语只有一个吗 主+谓+双宾 (SV IO DO) 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 动词的类型 S.+Vt.+O.主主+谓谓+宾宾 S.+Vt.+IO.+DO. 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 常用：_give类_: give, send, bring, pass, buy _tell 类 _: tell, ask, teach, show S.V.IO.DO. The mom passed her a new dress. She b

6、rought his husband a picture. I gave him a book. My mother showed me a photo. 及物动词 We keep the table clean. 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 动词的类型 S.+Vt.+O. 主主+谓谓+宾宾 S.+Vt.+IO.+DO. 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 S.+Vt.+O.+C 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 常用： 使役类 ：make, keep, leave, let, have, help 感官类 ：call, hear, see, watch, notice

7、, feel S.Vt.O.C. We keep the table clean. They painted the door green. They call him Peter. What makes him sad? 补语C（宾补）：在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 只接宾语意义 不完整。 Father bought me a dog. 1.Father bought me a dog. 2.You make me drunk. 3.My friend found him dead. 4.This song brings you happiness. 5.A friend of

8、mine taught me a few words of Japanese. 如何区分SV IO DO和SVOC？ 如何区分 主谓双宾/主谓宾宾补？ 第一步：找到后面两个成分, 把他们分开 第二步：加入be动词 第三步：逻辑一致是宾补，逻辑不一致是双宾 1.Father bought me a dog. Father bought me a dog. am 不一致 SVOO 1.Father bought me a dog. 2.You make me drunk. 3.My friend found him dead. 4.This song brings you happiness. 5

9、.A friend of mine taught me a few words of Japanese. am am was are am SV IO DO SVOC SVOO SVOC SVOC SVOO SVOO 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 动词的类型 S.+Vt.+O.主主+谓谓+宾宾 S.+Vt.+IO.+DO. 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 S.+Vt.+O.+C 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 S+Linking-V.+P.主主+系系+表表 SLinking-V.P. This is an English dictionary. The dinner

10、 smells good. He feels happy. The weather became warmer. 系动词 1. They went mad. 2. She left England in 1964. 3. I remain satisfied with my appearance. 4. My mom hit me. SVO SVP 如何区分主谓宾 和 主系表？ 第一步：将动词换成be动词 第二步：判断换后是否逻辑一致 第三步：一致是主系表，不一致是主谓宾 1.They went mad. were一致 SVP 1. They went mad. 2. She left Eng

11、land in 1964. 3. I remain satisfied with my appearance. 4. My mom hit me. SVP SVO SVP SVO SVO SVP I smelt gas. Gas smells fascinating. I taste the wine. The wine tastes great. I killed him. I became him. SVO SVP: 同一单词 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 动词的类型 S.+Vt.+O.主主+谓谓+宾宾 S.+Vt.+IO.+DO. 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直

12、宾直宾 S.+Vt.+O.+C 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 S+Linking-V.+P.主主+系系+表表 What is the necessary part of a sentence? 谓语V(verb). 主、谓、宾、表、宾补、 定语？状语？ 定语：在名词或代词的前后，起修饰或限定作用。 1. She is a senior high student. 2. She went to a wrong class in a hurry. 3. They laughed too much. 状语：在动词之后、句首或句末,修饰v/adj/adv短语等。 定语：在名词或代词的前后，起修饰或限定作

13、用。 1.She is a senior high student. 2. She went to a wrong class in a hurry. 3. They laughed too much. 状语：在动词之后句首或句末,修饰v/adj/adv短语等。 定状 状 定 1.She is a senior high student. 2. She went to a wrong class in a hurry. 3. They laughed too much. 4. She found her teacher friendly and helpful. 1. She is a stu

14、dent. 2.She went to a wrong class. 3. They laughed. 4. She found her teacher nice. 基本句型 S.+Vt.+O.主主+谓谓+宾宾 S.+Vt.+IO.+DO. 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 S.+Vt.+O.+C 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 S+Linking-V.+P.主主+系系+表表 S.+Vi.+A 主主+谓谓+状状 S.+Vt.+O.+A 主主+谓谓+宾宾+状状 句型八: There be某物/某地有（存在）某人/某物 分裂句 1. Ther

15、e is going to have another chance to achieve success. So dont give up. 2. There is an exchange student and a teacher on campus. 句型八: There be某物/某地有（存在）某人/某物 S (subject) V (verb) O (object) P (predicative) A (adverbial) DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) OC (object complement) Summary：句子成分 主语 谓语

16、 宾语 表语 状语 直接宾语 间接宾语 宾语补足语 定语 attribute 基本句型 S.+Vt.+O.主主+谓谓+宾宾 S.+Vt.+IO.+DO. 主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 S.+Vt.+O.+C 主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补 动词 不及物动词 及物动词 系动词 S.+Vi. 主主+谓谓 S+Linking-V.+P.主主+系系+表表 S.+Vi.+A 主主+谓谓+状状 S.+Vt.+O.+A 主主+谓谓+宾宾+状状 句型八: There be某物/某地有（存在）某人/某物 分裂句 1. A girl got lost. 2. Her school was huge. 3.There

17、 were kids everywhere. 4.Her class started. 5. She went to a class in a hurry. 6. She found her teacher friendly. 7. She went to a wrong class. 8. They laughed too much. 9. The administrator gave her a big hand. 10. She found her class. a： b： + + c： +-link + d: + +IO +D e: + + + f: +A g: + + +A. h:

18、there be 1. A girl got lost. 2. Her school was huge. 3.There were kids everywhere. 4.Her class started. 5. She went to a class in a hurry. 6. She found her teacher friendly. 7. She went to a wrong class. 8. They laughed too much. 9. The administrator gave her a big hand. 10. She found her class. c c

19、 a g e b f d h b 1. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city. 2. We must act. 3. The maths homework looks easy. 4. The teacher found the classroom empty. 5. My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 7. We had chemistry in the newl

20、y built lab. 1.读句子分析划线句子的句型（P6）. 1 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city. 2 We must act. 3 The maths homework looks easy. 4 The teacher found the classroom empty. SVA SV SVP SVOC Answer 5 My mum bought me a new dictionary. 6 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student

21、. 7 There is an English Corner at our school. 8 We had chemistry in the newly built lab. SVIODO SV O There be . SVOA 2.读文章分析划线句子的句型（P6）. 1. That dream has come true! 2. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! 3. They also learn about ships and the sea. SV S V S V A O Answer 4. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. 5. Theres always something exciting to do. 6. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun. S VIODO V IO There be . SV P DO 并列句并列句 Answer 1. 2.预习 Listening and Talking部分。 作业：