研究生英语精读1-7课练习参考答案和译文-1.doc

1、1 研研究生究生英英语语精读精读 1-71-7 课练习参考答案和译文课练习参考答案和译文-1-1 UNIT ONESTAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VOCABULARYAND STRUCTURE A 1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision 6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap10 invention B 1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography

2、 6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination10 diverge C 1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, ones instinct 2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense 3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out 4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, l

3、etter writer, editorial writer 5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual 6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling D 1 an2 great3 the4 to5 6 that7 8 been9 been10 in TRANSLATION A 1 热烈的鼓掌 2 波涛汹涌的海面 3 熟睡 4 烟瘾大的人 5 油腻而难消化的食物 6 烈酒 7 悲痛的消息 8 沉闷冗长的读物 9化重水 10 他

4、在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。 11 那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。 12 他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。 13 脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船） 。 14 骄者必败。 2 15 我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。 B 1 2 3 4 5 P.19 EX.A 1.I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons for the failure in the experiment. 2.Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge,

5、 I couldnt improve my English. 3.Though. 4.therefore-However 5.If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between 2001 and 2003, it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were twice more. 6.We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency

6、, which we used two years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable. The second is online recruitment. We have never used this method before, so we cannot say this is good or not. However,online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the

7、 applicants. 7.are-is 8.including-include 9.has a negative impact, have a positive and powerful effect 10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people

8、of their age. TEXT B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNIT TWOTWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BY COMPREHENSION 1. According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such 3 as beauty, love. 2. The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of the text to control the idea of th

9、e whole text. “Life is a paradox”, because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final disappearance. 3. The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty o

10、f sunlight or responds to it. 4. According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young. 5. Since all of us will perish in the end, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives as throug

11、h windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on lifes paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern. 6. Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast that we cannot let go; we must accept our losses, and l

12、earn how to let go. 7. According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth. 8. Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal considerations and to perfect the present world. 9. There is strong religious

13、color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast to Gods gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of edifices. 10. The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to t

14、each them how to cope with lifes paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue. VOCABULARYAND STRUCTURE A 1. renounce2. tender3. petty4. relish5. gleaned 6. abounds in7. parable8. evanescent9. redeem10. sanctuary B 1. indifference to2. Preoccupied3. redeem4. clinging to5. relentless 6. para

15、dox7. ordained8. wanes9. exalted 10. dawn/have dawned on C 1. the meaningthe opportunitythe doorhappinessthe purpose 2.the questionthe jokesthe advertisementthe filmthe lecture 3. rundrivespeaksailstick 4. arrivalsurvivalrefusalapprovalrenewal 5. restlesspricelessendlesshomelessaimless 6. widenquick

16、endeepenlengthenshorten 4 D 1. on2. CORRECT3. for4. of5. CORRECT 6. supply7. CORRECT8. there9. have10. down TRANSLATION A 1 成功与否取决于她的努力。2 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。 3 他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶 4 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界 并不认识历史是一门学科。 5 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的 种种问题也会增加社会压力。 6 只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电

17、视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制 的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。 7 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 8 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。 9 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。 10 新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。 B 1 2 3 4 5 TEXT B READING COMPREHENSION 1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the best and wisest

18、Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature. 2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their realism and their sense of poetry. 3. The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life. 4. The Chinese philosophers waking life i

19、s characterized by a dream-world quality, and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless) 5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward life and high-mindedness. 6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, lov

20、e of vagabondage, pride and nonchalance. 7. “Wake up and live” implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours away. 8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing 5 of

21、problems are expected. 9. For most people, the Chinese mind is intensely practical, hard-headed; for the lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of people, it is poetic and philosophical. 10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because

22、 the Chinese have a light, an almost gay philosophy rather than an efficient life. UNIT THREETHE FUTURE OF BOOKS COMPREHENSION 1. Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by human brain; mineral memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic memory of t

23、odays computer; and vegetal memory represented by the first papyruses and books made of paper. 2.According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom. 3.“Universal brain” means a place where we

24、can retrieve what we have forgotten and what we still do not know. 4. According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them. 5. In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because

25、 they should survive as museums conserving the past. 6. Compared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading. 7.Compared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans c

26、omputers cant: books still represent the most economical, flexible way to transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed; it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck. 8.Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on

27、 demand, namely, every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer; the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information. 9.“The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too simplistic.” What the author means is that there are a lot of new techn

28、ological devices that have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one. 10.In the computer and internet era, people fear the physical dis

29、appearance of books and printed material; but printed books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material. VOCABULARYAND STRUCTURE A 1. organic2. designate3. emulate4. abolish5. speculated 6 6. shipwreck7. manuscript8. masterpiece9.obsolete10. contribute to B 1. option

30、2. flexible3. reproduce4. preservation5. retrieve 6. divine7. diffuse8. on the verge of9. browse10. memory C 1. povertyerrorsenemiesa possibilityinequality 2. a groupan organizationa cluban associationa tribe 3. act foranswer forstand forlong forprepare for 4. eyepiecetimepieceshowpieceseapiececente

31、rpiece 5. predictablepreschoolprewarpreviouspreliminary 6. reproducereviseremovereviewrewrite D 1. CORRECT2.have3.from4.CORRECT5.in 6. a7. of8. CORRECT9. to10. look TRANSLATION A 1 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。 2 这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。 3 遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意 见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。

32、4 我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。 5 他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊， 又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。 6 如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？ 7 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。 8 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。 B 1 2 3 4 5 TEXT B READING COMPREHENSION 1.Texts differ from dictionaries in that dictionaries are a linguistic or an encyc

33、lopedicsystem,whiletextsreducetheinfinitepossibilitiesofa system.(or.give many possible items, while texts are a closed universe.) 7 2.The Arabian Nights, Little Red Riding Hood and Finnegans Wake are cited in the passage to clarify the point that despite many possible ways to interpret them, the te

34、xts are finite and limited. 3.One mistaken belief of the deconstructionists is that you have any freedom to interpret the text.(or you can do anything you want with a text) 4.The first possibility of using hypertextual strategies to “open” up a finite and limited text is to enrich the story by succe

35、ssive contributions of different authors.(or allow different authors to develop the story) 5.Another way to make a text infinite is that at narrative disjunction, many authors can make many different choices. 6.The production of unlimited texts differs from already-produced texts in that the latter

36、may be interpreted in infinite ways but are physically limited. 7.In a more liberated society, free creativity will coexist with the interpretation of the already written text. 8.Because the pre-established sequences of words and pages in the text stop us from inventing anything. 9.Readers cant modi

37、fy the fate of the characters in the already written book because it is decided by repressive authorial decision. 10.The purpose of this article is to clarify the difference between free creativity in producing texts and limited freedom in interpreting the already-produced texts. UNIT FOURENGLISH NE

38、XT COMPREHENSION 1 because our modern understanding of medieval life has been distorted through a 19th-century lens. 2 English 3 Dryden and Shakespeares words, Issac Newton and his contemporaries scientific writings and dictionaries 4 It used to be the dominating language in Europe. 5 Not directly.

39、Because this happens before the rise of English. 6 Chinese, Spanish,Arabic and English 7 Japanese: declining; Chinese: rising 8 Open (It is expanding.) 9 Open (through media film, TV, publications or through political/economic/cultural influence 10 No. The number of people who use it as a second lan

40、guage will be more important. VOCABULARYAND STRUCTURE A 1 exploration2 reappraisal3 emerge4 integrity5 identity 6 displaced7 diversity8 challenge9 reminiscent10 aspired 8 B 1 triumph2 acquired3 diverse4 alternative5 embrace 6 account7 integrity8 reverse9 awareness10 permeates C 1 acquire: title, ric

41、hes, knowledge, skill, good habits 2 derive from, arise from, date from, differ from, refrain from 3 be sick of, be weary of, be glad of, be tired of, be slow of 4 ad hoc, status quo, hors doeuvre, loudspeaker, baby-sit 5 professional, vocational, exceptional, traditional, conditional 6 distrust, di

42、sarm, disable, disown, discharge D 1 he2 be3 as4 access5 6 who7 a8 9 is10 been TRANSLATION A 1 凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。 2 没有下雪，但叶落草枯。 3 人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 4 读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。 5 仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而 且最终会控制它们。 6 她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排 闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。 B

43、 1 2 3 4 5 TEXT B 1 imho, imo: in my humble opinion, in my opinion 2 idk: I dont know 3 thx: thanks 4 plz: please 5 rofl: rolling on the floor laughing 6 brb: be right back 9 7 jk: just kidding 8 ttyl: talk to you later 9 g2g: got to go 10 btw: by the way Unit five Scientists, scholars, knaves and f

44、ools Comprehension 1(a). What relationship between science and the humanities(此处课本中有误，见P106) can you learn from the first paragraph? To some degree, science and the humanities have the same concern: The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion. In

45、 his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry, and especially the humanities and sciences, intersect with each other. 1(b). Do you think science and religion can be reconciled?(Open.) 2(a). What criteria doesAuthor apply when distinguishing science from ps

46、eudoscience? In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience: repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics and consilience. 2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you agree? Open. 3(a). What

47、 point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? The author gives the topic sentence The work of real science is hard and often for long intervals frustrating at the beginning of para.4. 3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint? In para.4, the author lists and analyses the reasons why its hard.

48、 In Para.5, the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting. 3(c). What example and quote does he use? The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.s in biology. The quotation is from Percy Bridgman: The scientific method is doing your damnedest, no holds

49、barred. 4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one another? Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence Original discovery is everything and then explains 10 how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific research. Para7 and par

50、a.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast (make an important discovery, and .; Fail to discover, and.). 5(a). According to Alfred North Whitehead, why do scient