（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册Unit 4知识清单+巩固练习 （含答案）.docx

1、1 必修一必修一 Unit 4 知识清单知识清单+巩固练习巩固练习 *知识清单知识清单* 1. rescue vt.营救；救援 (1)把某人从.营救出来: rescue sb from rescue n.营救；救援 (2)进行营救: attempt a rescue (3)设法（实行）营救: make/perform a rescue (4)他答应在我有危险的时候会来救我。 He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger. 2. damage vt.损坏、迫害。n.损失；损害 (1)弥补损失: recover a damage (2)赔偿

2、损失: pay for damage (3)遭受损失、蒙受损害: suffer damage (4)洪水对庄稼造成重大的损毁。 The flood did/caused great damage to the crop. 3.survive vi.生存；存活 vt 幸存、艰难度过 (1)靠.活下来；靠.生存: survive on (2)比某人多活.survive sb by (3)在这次空难中没有人幸免于难。 Nobody survived the disaster. survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 4. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 (1)你的话会破坏孩子的自信心。 Your

3、 words will destroy your childs confidence. (2)我们不能再继续破坏环境了。 We cant continue to destroy the environment. destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 5.affect vt 影响;（疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感染（疾 病） (1)我们被他的真诚深深打动。 We were affected by his sincerity. (2)如今科技极大地影响了我们的生活。 Nowadays technology has greatly affected our life. 6.shelter n 避难所

4、；居所；庇护 vt 保护 掩蔽 躲避 (1)那棵大树使我们免受大雨的侵袭. The big tree sheltered us from the heavy rain. (2)这个计划是为无家可归的人提供住所。 The plan is to provide shelter for the homeless. effect n. 影响；效果；结果 7.ruin vt. 破坏；毁坏 (1)毁掉某人的希望、健康:ruin ones hope/health ruin n. 破坏；毁坏 (2)坍塌 fall into ruin (3)灾难过后，一切都成了废墟。 After the disaster, e

5、verything was in ruins. 8.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 (1)文化冲击: culture shock (2)震惊；吃惊: in shock shock vt. 使震惊 (3)对.感到吃惊: be shocked at/by. (4)我们非常震惊地得知我们喜爱的这位作家已经去 世。 We were shocked to learn that our favorite writer had passed away 9. trap vt. 使落入险境；是陷入圈套 n 陷阱；险境 (1)用.捕捉；使困于.: trap sb/sth in sth (2)诱骗某人使

6、之采取某种行动: trap sb into sth/doing (3)震后，很多人被困于废墟下。 After earthquake, many people were trapped under the ruins. 10. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 (1)专心于（某事）：陷入，沉浸于；藏于:bury in. (2)埋头于；专心于 bury oneself in . (4)她以手掩面，痛哭起来。 She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly, 11.effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 (1)努力做某事: make an ef

7、fort/efforts to do sth (2)不遗余力: spare no effort (3)值得努力: be worth the effort (4)毫不费力地: without effort (5)他努力地说英语。 He spoke in English with effort. 12. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等） 受苦 (1)遭受: suffer from (2)遭受疼痛: suffer pain (3)他们公司去年生意亏损。 Their company suffered loss in business last year, suffering n.

8、 痛苦；苦难 13. supply n.供应量；补给；补给品。 2 (1)食物供应 food supply (2)供应不足 in short supply supply vt.供应；供给 (3)提供给某人某物 supply sb with sth (4)把某物提供给某人 supply sth to sb (5)这家商店向顾客提供各种商品。 The shop supplies all kinds of goods to customers. 14. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 (1)某人有权、能力 within ones power (2)掌权 come into power

9、 (3)有权力做某事 have the power to do sth (4)停电 power failure (6)这里没有人有权在文件上签名。 Nobody here has the power to sign the paper. powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的 15.calm n.镇静的；沉着的 (1)保持冷静: stay/keep/remain calm 她在危险面前能保持镇静。 She can keep calm in the face of danger. calmvt. 使平静；使镇静 (2)使某人镇静下来: calm sb down calmly adv. 平静

10、地；冷静地 16.aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 (1) （对某人） 实施急救 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid (2)帮某人的忙 come to the aid of sb (3)为了帮助:in aid of 为了帮助洪灾地区举行了一场音乐会。 A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas. (4)在.的帮助下: with the aid of aid v.帮助；援助 (5)帮助某人做某事: aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth (6)在某方面帮助某人:

11、aid sb with sth 17.sweep vt/vi. 打扫；清扫( sweptswept) (1)消灭；彻底清除: sweep away (2)打扫干净，清扫干净: sweep out (3)席卷；轻易通过:sweep through (4)打扫；清扫: sweep up (5)晚会结束后，她被留下来打扫卫生。 She was left to sweep up after the party. 18.wave n海浪；波浪 (1)一波.，一阵. a wave of wave vt/vi 挥手；招手 (2)向.挥手: wave at/to . 她从街对面向我招手。 She waved

12、at me from across the street. (3)挥手告别: wave off wavy adj 波浪形的 19. strike vt/vi. 侵袭；突击；击打 (1)打一个男孩: strike a boy (2)钟敲了十二下 : strike twelve (3)打击敌人: strike the enemy (4)某人忽然想起: It strikes sb that (5)我忽然想起家里一个人也没有。 It struck me that there was no one at home. striken. 罢工；罢课；袭击 开始罢工、罢课 : be/go on strike

13、20. deliver. vt 递送，传达，发表 (1)发货: deliver the goods (2)作报告: deliver a speech (3)接生: deliver a baby (4)送某人到家: deliver to sbs house (5)大卫会一大早起来送报纸。 David would get up early in the morning to deliver newspaper. delivery n 递送，分娩 21. summary n. 总结；概括；概要 (1)的摘要、总结: summary of (2)作总结: make a summary (3)总的来说，

14、总之: in summary 总之，这次运动取得了巨大的成功。 In summary, the campaign has been a great success. summarize vt 概述；总结 22. effect n. 影响；结果；效果 (1)实行: bring/ put sth into effect (2)产生效果: bring about effect (3)生效；开始实施: come into effect/ take effect (4)实际上；事实上: in effect (5)从.起开始生效: with effect from (6)这反过来又对狼的食物供应产生了影响

15、。 This in turn has effect on the food supply for wolves. effective adj有效的；生效的 23. length n. 长；长度 3 (1)最后，最终: at length (2)长度: in length. (3)十分详尽地: at great/full length. (4)桌子的长度是它的宽度的两倍。 The length of the table is twice its breadth. lengthen v（使）变长 二重点短语 1.as if/though 似乎，好像；仿佛 (1)引导的从句所表示的内容若为事实或为事

16、实。 可用 陈述语气；若为事实相反，应使用虚拟语气。 (2)他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位要人似的。 He likes to talk big as if he was an important person. (3)听起来好像有人在敲门。 It sounds as if/though there is a knock at the door. 2.in the open air 露天；在户外 (1)乘飞机: by air (2)在传播中: in the air (3)正在广播: on the air (4)停止广播: off the air (5)他正在户外散步。 He is now taki

17、ng a walk in the open air. 3.on hand 现有（尤指帮助） (1)交上；提交: hand in (2)分发: hand out (3)交出；移交: hand over (4)交付，传递: hand on (5)在手边；可能很快发生的: at hand (6)用手工: by hand (7)握手: shake hands (8)手拉手；密切关联: hand in hand (9)如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面，她们要照顾家庭； 另一方面，许多妇女又选择外出工作。 Women today are very busy. On the one hand, they have

18、 to take care of their families; on the other hand, many women choose to go out to work. 三、重点句型三、重点句型 1. 主语+be+adj+(+for sb ) +to do 课本原句课本原句 (1)水、食物和电都很难获得. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 句式仿写句式仿写 (2)火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的， 我永远也忘不了我 第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。 The volcanic eruption itself is really excit

19、ing to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. 2. be doingwhen正在做.,这时. 课本原句课本原句 (1)我和我的三个孩子吃早餐的时候。 水开始充满了我 的家。 I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. (2)我正往家走，老师好心地让我搭个便车。 I was walking home when my teacher kindly gave me a lift. 句式拓展句式拓展 (3)她

20、正要举手，这时下课了。 She was about to raise her hand when class was over. *巩固练习巩固练习* 一、根据提示写出下面单词一、根据提示写出下面单词 1. R_ workers and soldiers were sent to help those who were _(被困) under the building. 2. The first thing he did was to find _( 遮 蔽 处 ) from the freezing wind and snow. 3. His mother stood there, w_ g

21、oodbye to her son on the train. 4. A powerful typhoon _( 袭 击 ) our town several years ago and a large number of people became homeless. 5. Some children were _(滑行；滑动) on the ice happily when they heard someone _(cry) for help. 6. He s_ from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly. 7. The pla

22、ne c_ into the mountain, fortunately the pilot managed to survive. 8. In the traffic accident, the _(幸存者) were all badly injured. 9. Universities should be about the acquisition(习得) of knowledge, _(智慧) and understanding. 10. In 1892 Coubertin first put forward his idea to _(恢复) the Olympic Games but

23、 failed. 二、单句语法填空二、单句语法填空 1.Themother,alongwithhertwochildren, _(rescue) from the sinking boat. 2. As far as Im concerned, staying up late every day is certain _(affect) your heath seriously. 4 3. The old man went through a lot of _ in the old days. Whats worse, he _ from heart attack when he was in

24、 his eighties. (suffer) 4. The news _(shock) the public, leading to great concern about students safety at school. 5. A rescue worker risked his life _(save) two tourists who _(trap) in the mountains for two days. 6. _(bury) in study, he didnt notice that all the others had left. 7. He treats me as

25、if I _(be) his own daughter. 8. What you said left us _(lose) in thought. 9. I wonder why you refused _(deliver) my letters to my home last week. 10. In my opinion, playing tame games outdoors with your friends is an _(effect) way to get rid of anger. 三三、写出方框里词组含义写出方框里词组含义，并用其适当形式完成句子并用其适当形式完成句子 mak

26、e joint efforts_ in ruins _ cause great damage to_ in an effort to do._ in shock _ be trapped in _ calm (sb.) down _ suffer from _ come into effect _ have a great effect on _ as usual _ dig out _ set up _ 1.A terrible earthquake nearly destroyed everything, leaving almost everything _. 2.The old far

27、mer was very upset because the strong winds _ his crops. 3.I looked at my husband _, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. 4. _ catch the opportunity, I made every effort to finish the assignment perfectly. 5. _; theres no need to be upset about it. 6. We would _ to help su

28、rvivors rebuild their homes. 7.The measures taken by the local government will _ next month. 8.Smartphones which are now universally recognized as a must, _ us. 9.It was reported that an American couple had _ a lot of gold coins from their own yard. 10. Although I got up with a headache, I went to w

29、ork _. 四、完成句子四、完成句子 1. 现在越来越多的人意识到(aware)自然灾害与我们 日常生活对地球所做的事情有关。 Now _ people have _ that _ have much to do with _ we have done to the earth. 2. 听到我们队获胜的消息，他没有感到兴奋，这使我 很困惑(leave)。 _ the news that our team won the game, he didnt feel excited, _. 3. 另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是：只有努力，我们 才能从错误中学习。 Another reason _ we

30、 should never give up is that _ _. 4. 被困在孤岛上的游客靠抓海里的鱼活下来了。 The traveler _ the lonely island _ on the fish _(catch) in the sea. 5. 我突然想到还有另外一种方法可以解答这个数学 题。 _ 6. Tom 正要关窗，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。 _ 7. 我们已经详细地讨论了这个计划， 所以接下来我们 应该不遗余力地实施它。 We have discussed this plan _, so next we should _. 8. 因为环境严重污染(with 用法), 我

31、发现要呼吸新鲜 空气很难。 _ 9. His parents died two years ago, _(使他成了孤 儿 orphan).leave 用法 10. He went on working _(好像什么都没发生 过). 五、短文语法填空：五、短文语法填空： Though it is estimated(估计) that about 500,000 earthquakes occur each year, only 100 of which cause damage! However 1_ earthquake could occur any time of the day or n

32、ight so it pays to be prepared if you are 2_(fortunate) caught in the middle of one.If you are 5 indoors, stay indoors unless you are in the ground floor 3_ you can easily run outside. The best thing 4_(do) if you are indoors is hide under a strong piece of furniture(家具) like a bed 5_ desk. Do not t

33、ry to head for the stairway 6_ you are living in an upper storey, as 7_(chance) are that the stairways may collapse(倒塌).If you 8_(drive) on the road, get out of the traffic and stop on a clear stretch of the road. Do not stop on a bridge. Stay inside your car until the shaking 9_(stop). before you r

34、esume driving, look 10_ for cracks, breaks in the road and bumps. Try to reach an open ground if you can. 六、七选五六、七选五 It came with destructive force, a natural disaster that shocked the world and killed tens of thousands. The waters have now receded(退去), but diseases and food and water shortages trou

35、ble a number of countries around the Indian Ocean.Food and waterThe number of survivors in need of food aid after the Indian Ocean disaster has climbed to 5 million people. 1_ Relief teams hope to reach all of the estimated 700,000 hungry survivors in Sri Lanka within three more days. It could take

36、longer before enough food aid gets to the nearly 1 million people in need in hard-to-reach parts of Indonesia. 2_.Disease3_ World Health Organization(WHO) crisis chief David Nabarro said 50,000 more people could die from diseases and other causes. WHO said it had already received a handful of report

37、s of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.Trauma(精神创伤精神创伤)Psychologists are warning that mental health problems caused by the tsunami could prove harder to resolve than the physical damage. Some survivors say they are troubled by recurring nightmares(噩梦) about walls of water. 4_ Although the Th

38、ai Government has offered to build temporary(临时的) beachside housing, many refugee families are refusing to come down from the hills. Others are afraid to go back to jobs on the sea.RebuildingOver 150,000 people were killed by the tsunami, but hundreds and thousands more have been left with no means

39、to make a living. Dakshina Murti, a fisherman, not only lost three family members, but also lost his boats, his nets, everything. “Everythings gone,” he says. 5_ For now, rebuilding the economy remains a distant concept. A. Many locals are afraid to return to beachside homes. B. Another serious prob

40、lem is the need for clean water. C. The number could rise further, the United Nations has said. D. People around the world offered their timely and selfless help. E. It was difficult to deliver food to the more than 1,000 islands. F. There are several million people who suffered the same experience.

41、 G. For those who survived the tsunamis force, disease is now the No. 1 problem. *参考答案参考答案* 一、1. Rescue, trapped2. shelter3. waving4. struck5. sliding, crying6. suffered7. crashed8. survivors9. wisdom10. revive 二、1. were rescued2. to affect3. sufferings; suffered4. shocked5. saving, were trapped6. B

42、uried7. were8. lost9. to deliver10. effective 三、1. in ruins2. caused great damage to3. in shock4. In an effort to5. Cam yourself down 6. make joint efforts7. come into effect8. have a great effect on9. dig out10. as usual 四、1. an increasing/a growing number of, realised/been aware, natural disasters

43、, what 2. Hearing, which left me puzzled/ leaving me puzzled 3. why, we can learn from mistakes only if/as long as we make our efforts 改写：only if we make our efforts can we learn from mistakes 4. (who was) trapped on, survived, (which was) caught 5. It suddenly hit/struck/occurred to me that there w

44、as another solution to the math problem. 或 Another solution to the math problem suddenly hit/struck/occurred to me. 6. Tom was about to close the window when his attention wascaughtby a bird/abird caughthis attention. 7. at length/in detail, spare no efforts to carry it out. 8. With the environment seriously polluted, I find it hard to breathe fresh air. 9. leaving him an orphan 10. as if nothing had happened 五、1. an2. unfortunately3. where4. to do5. or6. if7. chances8. are driving9. stops10. out 七选五 CEGAF