Welcome unit Grammar 句子成分以及八大句型-(2021新人教版)高中英语必修第一册(高一上学期).ppt
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- 2021新人教版 Welcome unit Grammar 句子成分以及八大句型-【2021新人教版】高中英语必修第一册高一上学期 句子成分 以及 八大 句型 2021 新人 高中英语 必修 一册 下载 _必修 第一册_人教版(2019)_英语_高中
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1、句子成分句子成分 WELCOME UNIT 句子成分句子成分 定义 : 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成 分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分: 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 01 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 定定 语语 宾宾 语语 同同 位位 语语 状状 语语 中英文语序差异 英语:孔雀型尾重 要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子、成分至于 句末。 Elements of a sentence: S - subject V - verb P - pred
2、icative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement 主主 谓谓 表表 宾补宾补 定定 状状 宾宾 造句规则 英语句法 that, pass, ruler, me, yellow _. you, tea, like, some, would _? bike, on time, Kate, the, returned _. Would you like some tea Pass me that yellow ruler Kate returned the bike on time 主语(subject):
3、 一般位于句首,是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的”是什么”或是“是谁”.由名词, 代词,不定式,动名词,从句等或者是相当于名词的词或者是短语充当 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. (名词)(名词) (代词)(代词) (数词)(数词) (不定式)(不定
4、式) (动名词)(动名词) (名词化的形容词)(名词化的形容词) (句子)(句子) 找出句中主语 The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter.、 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall lik
5、e a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动 词。 及物动词(vt.) : 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语), 并且可直接跟宾语。 如:
6、He reached Paris . 不及物动词(vi. ):不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象 (即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully! 类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed. 易误用作及物动词的易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词个不及物动词: 误:deal a problem 正:deal with
7、a problem 处理问题 误:depend sb. 正:depend on sb. 依靠(依赖)某人 误:insist doing sth. 正:insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 误:knock the door 正:knock on at the door 敲门 误:operate sb. 正:operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误:participate sth. 正:participate in sth. 参加某事 误:refer sth. 正:refer to sth. 查阅(参考)某物 误:rely sb. / sth. 正:rely on sb.
8、/ sth. 依靠(依赖)某人 /某物 误:reply a letter 正:reply to a letter 回信 (三三)宾语宾语 动作的对象、承受者或结果动作的对象、承受者或结果及物动词或介词的及物动词或介词的 宾语宾语 由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,从句等或者是相当于名词的词或者是 短语充当 (句子)(句子) Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to se
9、e my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? (名词(名词 ) ( 代词)代词) (数词数词) (名词化的形容词名词化的形容词) (不定式)(不定式) (动名词)(动名词) 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. He gave me some books. 间接间接 宾语宾语 直接直接 宾语宾语 please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers. 常见跟双宾语动词 可接双宾语的38个常用动词 (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to
10、的常用动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb.
11、sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用 动词 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb
12、. 为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为
13、某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物(歌) spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物 (四)表语 表语:系动词内容上的延伸,和系动词一起表明主语的性质特征表语:系动词内容上的延伸,和系动词一起表明主语的性质特征, 由 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、表语从句、分词、形容词、介词短语、副词充 当。 1. I am a teacher. 1. I am a teacher. 2. 2. I I am ten.
14、am ten. 3. He became rich and successful. 3. He became rich and successful. 4. Everyone is here. 4. Everyone is here. 5. They are at home now. 5. They are at home now. 6. My job is to teach them English. 6. My job is to teach them English. My job is teaching them English. My job is teaching them Eng
15、lish. 名词名词 不定式不定式 介词短语介词短语 副词副词 形容词形容词 数词数词 动名词动名词 系动词 1)状态系动词(be动词) 例如: He is a teacher. 2)持续系动词 keep, remain, stay 例如: He always kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3)表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 注意:系动词不注意:系动词不 用于被动语态用于被动语态. . 4)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如: This
16、kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 5)变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 6)终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表 达“证实”,“变成”之意 例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 系动词是联系动 词!后面要接形 容词! 类别动词 1. be动词类 4.延续性动词 3.感官动词类 2.表示变化类 prove 、turn out to be remain、 s
17、tay、 keep look、 sound、 smell 、 taste 、feel become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、 go am、 is 、 are、 was、 were 5.结果类 (五)定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel factory. There are 54students in our class. Do you know bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. His
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