Unit 4知识点总结与训练（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上学期）.docx

1、Section Listening and Speaking 营救;C营救行动。常见搭配: come/go to ones rescue 来/去救助某人 rescue team/workers 救援队/人员 Have you read the article about the rescue of the two fishermen? 你读过那篇关于营救两个渔民的文章吗? When we were in danger,they came to our rescue. 当我们有危险时,他们赶来救援。 (2)vt.援救;营救。常见搭配: rescuefrom把从中解救出来 Hundreds of

2、miners are still in water,waiting to be rescued. 数以百计的矿工仍在水中等待救援。 The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning house yesterday. 昨天这名勇敢的消防队员从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子。 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)The firemenfive children(把从中解救出来)the burning house yesterday. (2)The mother,along with her two children,(被从里救出来)

3、the sinking boat by a passing ship. (3)When the big fire occurred,the firefighters(来救我们)right away. 2.单句语法填空 “Never for a second,”the boy says,“did I doubt that my father would comemy rescue.” 参考答案 1.(1)rescued;from (2)was rescued from (3)came to our rescue 2.to Point2damage 教材 P48Which buildings we

4、re damaged in Seoul?在首尔哪些建筑物受损了? 用法详解 (1)vt.损害,毁坏,破坏 The earthquake damaged some buildings.地震使一些建筑物受到了破坏。 Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害你的健康。 (2)n.U损失,破坏,损坏;U损害,伤害;(pl.)(法院判定的)损害赔偿金。常见搭配: do/cause damage to对造成损害/破坏 The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨对庄稼造成了很大的破坏。 He was award

5、ed $2,000 in damages.他被判予 2 000 美元的损害赔偿金。 辨析比较damage,destroy 与 ruin 易混词区别例句 damage 表示“损害,损坏”,主要指 对价值和功能的破坏,多 用于无生命的东西,一般 还可修复 The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.这座桥被洪水损坏得很严 重。 destroy 表示“破坏,毁灭”,使之毁 灭或无用,一般不能或很 难修复 The big fire destroyed the whole building.大火烧毁了整栋大楼。 ruin 表示“毁坏,破坏”,使某物 丧失功能、价值

6、。更强调 破坏的彻底性。还可指破 坏美好的事物 The rain ruined my holiday.这场雨破坏了我的假期。 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds(给带来很大的损失)his wheat. (2)Drinking and smoking can(有损健康). 2.用 damage,ruin,destroy 的适当形式填空 (1)The whole village(destroy) in the sudden flood,leaving nothing to the native

7、people. (2)Thousands of houses(damage) by the storm,and the repair work would last half a month. (3)My new white dress was totally(ruin) by the dirty water. (4)A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the(destroy) of the rain forests. 参考答案 1.(1)caused great damage to (2)damage

8、 your health 2.(1)was destroyed (2)were damaged(3)ruined (4)destruction Point3affect 教材 P4982 killed,500,000 affected 82 人丧生,50 万人受灾 用法详解 (1)vt.影响。相当于 have an effect on。 When I was 50,my weight problem began to affect me seriously. 50 岁时,我的体重问题开始严重影响我(的健康)。 (2)vt.(感情上)深深打动;使悲伤(或怜悯等) He was deeply af

9、fected by my words.他被我的话深深地打动了。 (3)vt.(疾病)侵袭,使感染 The disease affects millions of people in the world every year. 这种疾病每年都使全世界数百万人受到感染。 辨析比较affect 与 effect 易混词区别例句 affect vt.指产生的影响之大足以引 起反应,着重“影响”的动作。 有 时含有“对产生不利影 响”的意思 The drought seriously affected the harvest.干旱严重地影响了收成。 effect n.做动词时指“使发生,实 现,引起”。

10、常见搭配:have an effect on 对有影响 This book effected a change in my opinion.这本书使我的看法发生了变 化。 经典例题 1.选词填空:affect/effect (1)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may_ your credit(信誉). (2)My parents opinions will have an_ on my decision. 2.判断下列句子中 affect 的含义 (1)From the experie

11、nce I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. _ (2)She was deeply affected by the sad story._ (3)Thousands of people in the world were affected by SARS in 2003. 参考答案 1.(1)affect(2)effect 2.(1)影响(2)(感情上)深深打动(3)使感染 Points4、5set up;shelter 教材 P49Shelters set

12、 up by the government 由政府搭建的避难所 Point4 set up 用法详解 (1)开办,建立,创建 Now Betterware plans to set up shops elsewhere in Europe. 现在 Betterware 公司计划在欧洲的其他地方开分店。 (2)安装好,装配好 She set up her computer in her bedroom so that she could work at home. 她把电脑装在了卧室里,这样她就可以在家办公了。 归纳拓展 “动词+up”型的其他短语: put up 提升;搭建; 提出(意见等)

13、pick up 举起;搭载; 好转;学会;捡起 build up 创建,开发; 增强的体质 动词+up make up 化妆; 编造;组成 bring up 抚养,养育 turn up 露面;调高 (音量、热量等) 经典例题 1.判断下列句子中 set up 的含义 (1)Does anyone know how to set up this generator(发电机)? (2)Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected. 2.用“动词+up”型短语完成句

14、子 (1)Napping(打盹) spaces are nothing new;places to rest have already beenin other big cities in the world. (2)The moment they arrived there,they began tothe tent. (3)In Britain today women44% of the workforce(劳动力),and nearly half of the mothers with children are in paid work. (4)I cant hear it clearl

15、y,and would youyour radio? 参考答案 1.(1)安装好(2)建立 2.(1)set up(2)put up (3)make up(4)turn up Point5 shelter 用法详解 (1)n.C隐蔽处;躲避处;遮盖物;避难所 They built a rough shelter from old pieces of wood.他们用旧木条搭了一个简陋的窝棚。 (2) n.U保护;掩蔽;庇护。常见搭配: find/take shelter from the rain 避雨 under the shelter of 在.的庇护下；受.的保护 These stude

16、nt leaders sought political shelter in France. 这些学生领袖在法国寻求政治保护。 (3)vt.(使)掩蔽;庇护 The darkness of the night sheltered their activities.黑夜掩护了他们的行动。 (4)vi.避难;躲难 We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.我们在一处门廊里避雨。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Some parents are just too protective.They want to shelter their kidsevery k

17、ind of danger,real or imagined. (2)He managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to shelter himbad weather. 2.根据汉语意思完成句子 人们在百货商场避雨。 Peoplein the department store. 参考答案 1.(1)fromshelter sb. from sth.意为“保护某人免受”。 (2)fromshelterfrom意为“保护免受”。 2.took shelter from the rain Point6as usual 教材 P50But the

18、citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.但是那天晚上唐山市的一百万 居民还是像往常一样在睡觉。 用法详解 as usual 意为“像往常一样,照例”,在句中相当于一个副词,可放在句首、句中或句尾。 Although I got up with a headache,I went to work as usual.尽管早上起来头疼,我还是照常去上班。 As usual,Tom forgot to make his bed before he went out to play. 像往常一样,汤姆又忘了在出去玩之前把床整理好。

19、 归纳拓展 相关知识积累: (1) usual adj.通常的,惯常的。常见搭配: than usual 比平时. Its usual(for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事是惯例 as usual 和 than usual 都是固定短语,其中的 usual 不能换成 usually。 This morning I came to the office a little earlier than usual. 今天早上我到办公室比平时稍早一些。 Its usual for him to get up early every morning.每天早晨早起是他的惯例。 (2)usua

20、lly adv.通常地 (3)unusual adj.不同寻常的 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Many people support the traffic restrictions.However,some people feel it a little inconvenient(不便 的)when they cant use their private carsusual. (2)They suggest that the rules should be changed appropriately when something(usual) happens. (3)In order to

21、 complete his work ahead of time,he got up earlier than(usually). 参考答案 (1)as句意:许多人支持交通管制。然而,当一些人不能像往常一样使用私家车时,他们觉得限行有一点 不方便。 (2)unusual句意:他们建议当不寻常的事情发生时,规则应该做适当改动。 (3)usualthan usual 意为“比平时”。 Point7come to an end 教材 P50It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临! 用法详解 come to an end 意

22、为“结束”,通常用 sth.做主语。 The meeting came to an end at last.会议终于结束了。 All good things must come to an end.天下没有不散的筵席。 归纳拓展 end 构成的其他短语: at an end 完毕,终结(通常做表语) in the end 最后(=finally,通常做状语) at the end of在末端,在尽头 by the end of 到末为止(通常与完成时连用) bringto an end(=put an end to)使终止 make ends meet 使收支相抵;勉强维持生计 经典例题 单句

23、语法填空 (1)The phone put an enddoor-to-door sales,and telemarketing(电话推销)was born. (2)the end,the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was atend. (3)With the work done,his stay in England was coming toend.He was thinking about going home. 参考答案 (1)to(2)In;an (3)an句意:工作完成了,他在英格兰的逗留也要结束了。他正在考

24、虑回家。 come to an end 意为“结束”, 为固定搭配。 Points8、9directly;deadly 教材 P50Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.20 世纪最具破坏性 的地震之一就这样在唐山市正下方 11 公里处发生了,这场地震甚至让远在 150 多公里

25、之外的北京都遭 受了损失。 Point8 directly 用法详解 (1)adv.直接地,径直地 We have not been directly affected by the cuts.我们并未直接受到裁减的影响。 (2)conj.一就(引导时间状语从句,相当于 as soon as) I went home directly I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。 归纳拓展 相关词语积累: director n.导演;主管;董事 direction n.方向;指导;C,usually pl.用法说明,操作指南 in the direction of朝方向 in

26、all directions 四面八方地 under the direction of sb.在某人的指导下 direct adj.径直的;直接的;直率的;adv.径直,直接 辨析比较direct 与 directly 易混词区别例句 direct 做副词时,表示“径直地”, 指途中不耽搁、不走弯路 It costs more to fly direct to Hong Kong.直飞香港的航班票价要高些。 directly 多表示抽象意义,意为“直 接”,指行事不拐弯抹角 She has never talked directly about Tom.她从不直接谈论汤姆。 经典例题 1.选词

27、填空:direct/directly (1)They came here on aflight from Athens. (2)By connectingwith customers,and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统),small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. 2.用 direct 的适当形式填空 (1)There is atrain from Guangzhou to Chengdu. (

28、2)David turned around and walked off in the opposite. (3)I first met Paul Newman in 1968,when George Roy Hill,theof Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,introduced us in New York City. 参考答案 1.(1)direct(2)directly 2.(1)direct(2)direction (3)director Point9 deadly 用法详解 (1)adj.致命的,致死的;极度的,彻底的 This is a d

29、eadly poison.Keep it out of the reach of the children. 这是一种致命的毒药。把它放在孩子够不到的地方。 We sat in deadly silence.我们默不作声地坐着。 (2)adv.死一般地;极其,非常 My mothers face turned deadly pale after she heard the bad news. 听了这个坏消息后,我的母亲变得面色惨白。 Broadcast news was accurate and reliable but deadly dull. 新闻广播准确、可靠,但极其枯燥。 归纳拓展 相

30、关词语积累: die v.死;消失,灭亡(不能与表示时间段的状语连用) death n.死亡 dead adj.死的(可与表示时间段的状语连用) the dead n.死者 dying adj.垂死的;快要消失的 be dying for极渴望 be dying to do极想做 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)A(dead) earthquake struck Japan,whose shadows many Japanese are still living in. (2)She never stopped fighting the disease.I know she is dying

31、such a normal life. 2.翻译句子 (1)他的母亲于 2009 年去世,到现在已经过世超过 10 年了。 _ (2)她觉得上周的聚会无聊死了,所以提前离开了。 _ 参考答案 1.(1)deadly句意:一场致命的地震袭击了日本,许多日本人现在还生活在它的阴影里。 (2)for句意:她从没停止同疾病的抗争,我知道她很渴望那样一种正常的生活。 2.(1)His mother died in 2009 and has been dead for more than ten years till now. (2)She found the party last week deadly

32、 boring,so she left early. Point10in ruins 教材 P50In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.不到一分钟,一座大城市就沦为一片废墟。 用法详解 in ruins 意为“成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪”,其中 ruin 要用复数形式。 Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。 The city lay in ruins after years of bombing. 经过几年的轰炸,这座城市成了一片废墟。

33、归纳拓展 ruin (1) n.(pl.)废墟,残垣断壁;U破坏,毁灭;破产。常见搭配: go/come to ruin 灭亡；荒废 fall in/into ruin 灭亡；荒废 bring.to ruin 使.毁灭, 使.没落 (2) vt.破坏,毁坏;使破产。常见搭配: ruin ones future 毁掉某人的前途 ruin ones health 毁坏某人的健康 ruin oneself 毁掉自己，自我毁灭 特别提醒 ruin表示“废墟,残垣断壁”时,常用复数形式,构成短语in ruins,意为“严重受损;破败不堪”;与be 或表示状 态的不及物动词连用时,做表语或状语。 活学考例

34、 Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Dont let negativity ruin your motivation.然后确保你周围的人都是支持你的。不要让消极情绪毁掉你的动机。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)This photo,with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “(ruin)”it,now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. (2)Shortly after su

35、ffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to_(ruin),the city took on a new look. (3)When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighbourhood in _(ruin). (4)At that time my wife(ruin) her health through worry. 2.单句写作 (1)In my opinion,his stubborn character and shortcomings

36、 in his work will_(毁掉他的前 途). (2)With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is(现在完全是一片废 墟). 参考答案 1.(1)ruined分析题意可知,所给动词所表示的动作应发生在过去,故应用动词的过去式。 (2)ruinsruin 表示“废墟”时,要用复数形式。 (3)ruinsin ruins 意为“严重受损,破败不堪”。 (4)was ruining 2.(1)ruin his future (2)now completely in ruins Point11shock 教材 P

37、50People were in shockand then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.人 们都震惊了接着下午晚些时候,强烈的地震又一次袭击了唐山。 用法详解 shock n.令人震惊的事;休克;(由爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动;震惊。常见搭配: in a state of shock 惊魂未定 in shock 震惊；吃惊 The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous tha

38、n getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没有什么危险。 归纳拓展 相关词语积累: (1) shocked adj.惊愕的;受震惊的。多用来形容人。常见搭配: be shocked at sth 对某物/事感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 对做某事感到震惊 He was shocked at her smoking.他对她吸烟感到震惊。 I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息,我感到吃惊。 Teachers at the school were

39、shocked and angry but Webb Ellis schoolmates enjoyed this new game,which they named after the school.该校的老师大为震怒,但是韦布埃利斯的同学都很喜欢这种新玩法,于是就 用他们的校名作为该运动的名字了。 (2)shocking adj.惹人憎恶的,令人气愤的(常用来形容物) (3)shock v.使震惊,使惊愕。常见搭配: It shocks sb. to see/hear看到/听到使某人震惊。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)People wereto see that the little

40、 girl was often beaten by her stepmother.Thenews all the people around,which was also ato her father who was working abroad.(shock) (2)The girl was too(shock) to describe what had happened before the volcano erupted. (3)What I know is that almost 10,000 people lost their lives in the floods last yea

41、r.Its really (shock). 2.单句写作 The parents(被这个消息震惊了)that their son needed an operation on his knee. 参考答案 1.(1)shocked;shocking;shocked;shock (2)shocked(3)shocking 2.were shocked by the news Points12、13、14dig out;trap;bury 教材 P50Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig ou

42、t those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震后不久,部队派出了 15 万名战士奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出, 并掩埋死者。 Point 12 dig out 用法详解 dig out 意为“挖掘出;找出,发现”,其中 dig 为动词,其过去式和过去分词都是 dug。 Lets dig out the roots.咱们把根挖出来吧。 At last the truth was dug out.最后真相被查明。 归纳拓展 dig down 挖倒dig in 掘土以渗进(肥料等);开始认真工作 dig into 钻研;掘进去dig for 发掘

43、;搜集(资料、事实等) 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Along the way,I tried to digsome more information from himbut he had precious little to say. (2)After diggingthe old wall,the explorers found something new. (3)The soldiers were trying to diga young man who was buried under the ruins. 参考答案 (1)out(2)down(3)out Point13 trap

44、用法详解 (1) vt.(trapped,trapped)使陷入困境;困住,关住。常见搭配: be trapped in 被困在.中，陷入.中 trap sb into doing sth 陷害/诱骗某人做某事 When travelling,they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued. 旅行时,他们被困在山上,等待救援。 By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth. 他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。 (2) n.C(捕捉动物的)陷阱;圈套,诡计;

45、困境,牢笼。常见搭配: set a trap to do sth 设圈套做某事 lay/set a trap for.为.设下圈套 fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套 The deer was caught in our trap.那只鹿落入了我们的陷阱。 The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。 The police set a trap to make him tell the truth.警方设圈套使他招供。 You fell right into my trap.你恰恰中了我的计。 经典例题 1.单句

46、写作 (1)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who(被困在) the mountains for two days. (2)They(引诱她告诉)them where the gift was hidden. 2.单句语法填空 The soldiers were sent to the earthquake-stricken area immediately to save the people_(trap) in the ruins. 参考答案 1.(1)had been trapped in (2)trapped he

47、r into telling 2.trappedtrap 意为“使陷入困境”,与 people 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用 trapped。此处为过去分词 短语做后置定语。 Point14 bury 用法详解 bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏 Our dog likes to bury his bones.我们的狗喜欢埋藏骨头。 She has learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。 The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被藏在一堆书下。 He likes to bury himself in

48、the country.他喜欢隐居乡间。 The man dug out some gold from the canal,but he wondered where to bury it. 那个人从运河里挖出了一些金子,但他想知道应该把它埋在什么地方。 学法点拨 be buried in 短语常去掉 be,位于句首做状语,相当于 burying oneself in。 归纳拓展 bury oneself in(=be buried in)埋头于,专心于 Ever since he moved there,he has been buried in his research work. 自从搬

49、到那里以后,他一直专注于研究工作。 链接 “专心于,致力于”的多种表达法: devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于;献身于 fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on/upon 专心于,致力于;集中注意力于 be lost in 陷入之中 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)She(bury) in the book,so she did not notice what had happened. (2)(bury) in her graduation paper,Mary has no time to do a part-time

50、 job. (3)Partly to forget his past love,he buried(oneself) in his work. 参考答案 (1)was buriedbe buried in 专心于。 (2)Buried句意:玛丽忙着写毕业论文,没有时间去做兼职。 考查非谓语动词。 bury 与 Mary 之间为逻辑 上的动宾关系,故填 Buried。 (3)himself句意:他埋头于工作,部分原因是想忘记他过去的爱情。考查代词。bury oneself in埋头 于 Point15breathe 教材 P50Slowly,the city began to breathe a