Unit 5 阅读理解词义猜测题做题技巧学案 2020-（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上学期）.docx

1、第五单元如何做词义猜测题如何做词义猜测题 题型特点 词义猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分,历年高考都把猜词能力作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读 技能列入考试范围,考查对文中实词、短语等的理解。利用文中的举例猜测词义是最常用的方法之一, 恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要线索,文章中常用 such as,for example,for instance,like 等引出例子, 学生可以根据例子的隶属类别来猜测出画线词的词义。 解题策略 1.利用定义语来猜测词义 在许多情况下,作者预计到一般读者对某个词不熟悉,则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释 可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义或解释部分

2、,我们便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有 that,which,is 等。 2.利用定语或同位语来猜测词义 通常引出该词同位语的词语有 or,that is,in other words 等,还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。 在这些标志后面我们可较容易地找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。 3.利用文章中的举例来猜测词义 在阅读理解中我们可以根据文章中所举的例子,从具体到一般,猜出该生词的意思。 4.利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义 当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时,作者往往会运用对比的手法,即会用到对比的词语,例如反义 词,暗示出生词的含义。能体现对比关系的词汇很多,主要有 but,yet,

3、however,while,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast with 等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。 5.利用构词法来猜测词义 分析复合词:如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词,则可以从该词各个部分的特定意 思及联系上猜出该词的意思。学生同时要了解构词法知识,掌握大纲所要求的对前后缀的理解。 6.利用因果关系来猜测词义 因果关系是一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果,某一结果总是 由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常

4、见的表 示因果关系的词汇有:since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due to,result in,result from,as a result,for this reason,accordingly,so that,sothat,suchthat 等。 真题解析 For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speech day,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8-year-old i

5、s the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you shouldshould”Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next t

6、o him,whispering support.“Vote forme”Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起) how at t

7、he beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains,“especially for a student

8、 who is learning English as their new language,to feel confident enough to say,I dont know,but I want to know.” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer br

9、oke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confiden

10、t.” What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners. C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes. 语篇导读本文由学生Chris发表竞选演说的经历引出老师Thomas Whaley利用竞选演说鼓励同学们学会 赞美自己,帮助其提升自信,走向成功。 参考答案： A考查词义猜测。 根据文章内容可知,老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。 文中 Chris Palaez 的母语不是英语,他学英语才三年多,说话不流利,而且他在演

11、讲时非常紧张,所以说话磕磕绊绊,因此选 A。 1.词义猜测题考查考生根据上下文的语境推断生词词义的能力,同时也考查考生对语境的正确分析和把握 能力。该题型出现的题量不是很大,但是一般都有一定的难度,是具有区分度的题目之一。 2.所猜测内容一般是超纲的比较生僻的单词或词组,有时也会是一个句子。 3.除了指代关系的设题,正确选项一般是该词或词组的近义词或释义。 该近义词或释义能够从该词所在的句 子上下文中得到足够明确的信息。而错误选项一般也可以通过上下文的语义予以排除。 4.有时候,词义猜测题考查的是一个单词、词组或句子的指代意义。这就要求考生要能够准确理解上下文, 并且能够理清相关句子的结构。

12、A 组 Passage 1 Money with no strings attached.Its not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” People quickly caught on. And while many took do

13、llars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”Most of the bil

14、ls on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board. “What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,”Bridges said.“Theres a certain feeling that giving

15、 can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.”Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could. While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.

16、He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet. “After all, everyone has bad days and good days,”he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.” 1.What does the expression “mone

17、y with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made. C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together. 2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride? A.Women tended to be more sociable. B.The activity attracted various pe

18、ople. C.Economic problems were getting worse. D.Young couples needed financial assistance. 3.Why did Bridges carry out the project? A.To do a test on peoples morals. B.To raise money for his company. C.To earn himself a good reputation. D.To promote kindness and sympathy. 答案 1.C 2.B 3.D Passage 2 Fo

19、r Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.

20、should.”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“.Votefor.me.”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the r

21、est of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful e

22、xperience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,I dont know, but I want to know.” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade

23、 presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about the

24、mselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 1.What made Chris nervous? A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech. C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question. 2.What does the underlined word “stumbles

25、” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners. C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes. 3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to. A.help students see their own strengths B.assess students public speaking skills C.prepare students for their future jobs D.inspire students love f

26、or politics 4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A.Humorous.B.Ambitious. C.Caring.D.Demanding. 答案 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C Passage 3 “You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a reques

27、t for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club. I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids

28、 running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.” ImsecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowtheresrealpowerinsharingvolunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedul

29、e, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges t

30、o bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as y

31、ou freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter whe

32、re my motivation lies? 1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A.She knows little about the club. B.She isnt good at sports. C.She just doesnt want to volunteer. D.Shes unable to meet her schedule. 2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 m

33、ean? A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings. C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice. 3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A.She gets interested in lacrosse. B.She is proud of her kids. C.Shell work for another season. D.She becomes a good helper. 4.Why does the author like doin

34、g volunteer work? A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy. C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards. 答案 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B Passage 4 Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and m

35、isfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book

36、was Don Quixote(堂吉诃德). And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before? Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking about those who fa

37、il to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field

38、 of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to

39、avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we

40、can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我),whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate(视等同于)“commitment”with such “caring”occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as w

41、ell as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a truck, or running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson. 1.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes

42、to show that. A.loss of freedom stimulates ones creativity B.age is not a barrier to achieving ones goal C.misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D.disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success 2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.End ones struggle for liberty.

43、 B.Waste ones energy taking risks. C.Miss the opportunity to succeed. D.Lose the interest to continue learning. 3.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C.Opportunity favors those with a curio

44、us mind. D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind. 4.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? A.A tough man can tolerate suffering. B.A wise man can live without self-pity. C.A man should try to satisfy people around him. D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. 5.W

45、hat is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career

46、. 答案 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A B 组 Passage 1 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech indepe

47、ndent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled a

48、nd fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages suc

49、h as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often

50、 spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中 位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are