Unit4 Natural disaster Reading for WritingPPT课件 （含音频素材）（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册 .zip

TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6,500 DEAD Read and find out the five Ws and one H of the reading material: whowhatwherewhenwhyhow Listen and read for Detailed Information More than 6,500 people were killed A powerful tsunami crashed Along the coastli nes across Asia Sunday, 26 Decem ber Caused by a powerful earthqua ke Unexpec tedly and terribly T Th he e t ts su un na ammi i c ca au us se ed d b by y a an n e ea ar rt th hq qu ua ak ke e a a n n d d i i t t s s damagedamage Paragrap h 2 S S e e r r i i o o u u s s d da amma ag ge e t to o SouthSouth AsiaAsia T Th he e f fo ol ll lo ow wi in ng g e ef ff fe ec ct t a an nd d t th he e rescuerescue Task 2 : Match the main points of each paragraph. Paragrap h 1 Paragrap h 3 Read the news report released the day after a tsunami and answer the questions. TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6,500 DEAD 1 When did the tsunami happen? 2 What caused the tsunami? 3 Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies? It happened around 7:00 am Sunday, 26 December 2004. A very powerful earthquake of 9.0-magnitude which happened under the sea off the west coast of Sumatra Island in Indonesia. Because dangerous conditions and damaged roads would make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. Read the summary of the news report. Check the main points it includes. datetime place eventcauseeffect following event Read and check n.影响；结果影响；结果 Writing a summary-概要写作概要写作 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明对概要写作的普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明对概要写作的 题型要求为：题型要求为：提供一篇提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出 一篇一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数少于分）词数少于40的和多于的和多于80的的 ，从总分中减去，从总分中减去2分。分。 什么是概要写作？什么是概要写作？ 概 （ ） 概要 要（ ） 概括概括 要点要点 概括要点概括要点 如何如何写写？（概要写作不分段！概要写作不分段！ 60词左右）词左右） Step 1:找准体裁找准体裁 Step 2:分析文章结构分析文章结构 Step 3：找要点找要点（主题句（主题句/关键词）关键词）并列出并列出，删除细节，减少例删除细节，减少例 证证 Step 4 改写列出的要点改写列出的要点，（同义替换、语态转换、同义替换、语态转换、 词性改变、句子重构）词性改变、句子重构）(一定要用自己的话一定要用自己的话) Step 5：承接词，承接词，要点衔接要点衔接各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系 词词 三、写作方法三、写作方法（概要写作不分段！概要写作不分段！ 60词左右）词左右） Step 1:找准体裁找准体裁， Step 2:分析文章结构分析文章结构 Step 3： 找要点找要点（主题句（主题句/关键词）关键词）并列出并列出，删除细节，减少例证删除细节，减少例证 Step 4 改写列出的要点改写列出的要点，（同义替换、语态转换、同义替换、语态转换、 词性改变、句子重构）词性改变、句子重构）(一定要用自己的话一定要用自己的话) Step 5：承接词，承接词，要点衔接要点衔接各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词 Step 1. Read the text and write a list of the main details. Strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake. An earthquake hit _ China on 28 July 1976. Tangshan The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 4000,000. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. Soldiers and medical workers came to help the people who had had great loss and to try and find survivors. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. Step 2. Write down the main idea of each paragraph based on the details above. Strange things happened in the countryside of Hebei, China. A strong earthquake hit Tangshan and many people were killed or injured. The city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed. The rescue work began surviving work soon after the quakes. With strong support from the government and the citys people, the new city of Tangshan was built. Step 3. Organize the ideas and draft your summary. Pay attention to the following: A summary should be around one third the length of the original text. Write down the key supporting points for the topic. Do not include unimportant details or examples. n.长；长度长；长度 Step 4. Exchange drafts. Use the checklist to give feedback on your partners draft. Does the summary give you a clear idea of what the text is about? Does the summary include only the most important information of the text? Is the summary the proper length? Are there any spelling or punctuation errors? Does the writer use the correct tenses? Peer evaluation 1. Give a mark to your partners draft. (Highest for 25 scores) 2. Get your draft back and revise it. 3. Put up your summary in the classroom or read it to the class. For several days, strange things occurred in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. Then, on 28 July 1976, an earthquake hit Tangshan city. The city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed. Many people were killed or injured. The rescue work began soon after the quakes. Soldiers and medical workers arrived to find survivors and help the people who had lost everything. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the people, a new Tangshan was built. 二、注意事项二、注意事项 1.客观性：客观性： 概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实 地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内 容。特别需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人容。特别需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人 想法，或做出任何评判，想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现因此不能出现“I believe”,“I think”等字句。等字句。 2.简洁性：简洁性： 能简则简，避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文能简则简，避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过后产生的新语篇，通过删除删除 细节，减少例证细节，减少例证，简化描述以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时，简化描述以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时 还要做到意义的完整。还要做到意义的完整。 3. 连贯性：连贯性： 概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加各要点之间增加 一些体现逻辑的关系词一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整 连贯、独立成篇。连贯、独立成篇。 切记：概要写作不分段！切记：概要写作不分段！ 1.1.本题总分为本题总分为2525分，按分，按5 5个档次给分。个档次给分。 2.2.评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该 档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3.3.词数少于词数少于4040和多于和多于8080的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2 2分。分。 4.4.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： （1 1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； （2 2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； （3 3）上下文的连贯性）上下文的连贯性； （4 4）对各要点表达的独立性情况）对各要点表达的独立性情况。 5.5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际 的影响程度予以考虑。的影响程度予以考虑。 6.6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 概要写作评分原则概要写作评分原则: : Post-reading: The rules 档次档次描述描述 第五档第五档 (21-25(21-25分分) ) 理解准确，涵盖全部要点。理解准确，涵盖全部要点。 能准确地使用相应的语法结构和词汇。能准确地使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 有有效效地地使使用用了了语语句句间间的的连连接接成成分分，使使所所 完成的概要结构紧凑。完成的概要结构紧凑。 完全使用自己的语言。完全使用自己的语言。 第四档第四档 (16(16-20-20分分) ) 理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。 所所使使用用语语法法结结构构和和词词汇汇可可能能有有些些许许错错误误 ，但完全不影响意义表达。，但完全不影响意义表达。 比比较较有有效效地地使使用用了了语语句句间间的的连连接接成成分分， 使所完成的概要结构紧凑。使所完成的概要结构紧凑。 个个别别整整句句抄抄自自原原文文。（有有一一个个要要点点照照抄抄 ） 概要写作评分标准概要写作评分标准: : Post-reading: The rules 第三档第三档 (11(11- - 1515分分) ) 理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。 所所使使用用语语法法结结构构和和词词汇汇虽虽有有些些错错误误，但但不不影影响响 意义表达。意义表达。 使使用用简简单单的的语语句句间间连连接接成成分分，使使上上下下文文内内容容连连 贯。贯。 出现两句整句抄自原文现象。出现两句整句抄自原文现象。 第二档第二档 (6(6- - 1010分分) ) 理解有误差，仅涵盖理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点半数要点。 有有些些语语法法结结构构和和词词汇汇方方面面的的错错误误，影影响响了了意意义义 的表达。的表达。 较较少少使使用用语语句句间间的的连连接接成成分分，全全文文内内容容缺缺少少连连 贯性。贯性。 出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。 第一档第一档 (1(1-5-5分分) ) 没没有有理理解解原原文文，造造成成概概要要内内容容与与原原文文主主题题不不符符。 有有较较多多语语法法结结构构和和词词汇汇方方面面的的错错误误，严严重重影影响响 了意义的表达。了意义的表达。 缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。 多个句子抄自原文。多个句子抄自原文。 0 0分分 白白卷卷、内内容容太太少少无无法法评评判判或或所所写写内内容容与与所所提提供供内内 容无关。容无关。 Post-reading: The rules PAPA RTRT 4 WritingWriting tasktask Read the text on Page 92 and write a summary. The story of an eyewitness Jack London Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of each paragrahp. San Francisco, May 5, 1906. The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of walls and chimneys（烟烟囱囱). But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels,and the great houses of the rich are all gone. Main idea: On April 18, 1906, an earthquake hit San Francisco and a big fire followed, causing great damage to the city. On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighbourhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in water pipes. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds the earth moved. Main idea: The earthquake h a p p e n e d o n W e d n e s d a y morning and within a n h o u r f i r e s statrted. Firfighters did their best, but in vain. By Wednesday aftermoon, half the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every directioneast, west, north, and south strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills. Main idea: By Wednesday aftermoon, half the heart of the city was gone. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the citys best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Franciscos history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. Main idea: On Wednesday n i g h t t h e heart of the c i t y w a s t o t a l l y destroyed. But people in the city still showed their kindness on this night of terror. One possible version: On the morning of April 18, 1906, an earthquake hit San Francisco. A moment later, fires started south of Market Street. Within an hour of the earthquake, smoke could be seen 100 miles away. Firefighters did their best to stop the fire, but in vain. By Wednesday night nearly everything was destroyed. Survivors left the city to find shelter from the fire. But they showed their best kindness in the terrible disaster. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath， the king ordered that， to avoid the attack of disease， the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit（好处） of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking， cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea： clothes need to be whiter than white， cloths ever softer， surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt， however， gone too far？ Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家） , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者） position is gaining some ground.