Unit 5 语法PPT课件+学案-（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册.zip

Unit5 Languages Around the World 语法讲解 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在 从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表： 关系副词和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分 when表示时间时间状语 where表示地点地点状语 why表示原因原因状语 1when的用法 when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time， day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。 There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心 迷神往过。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。 先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词 在从句中所作的成分。 We still remember the days when we spent our holiday together. 我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状 语) We still remember the days (that/which) we spent together. 我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语 ) 2where的用法 where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place， spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point (地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽 象地点的名词。 The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down. 这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。 They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw an interesting play. 他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。 What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？ 先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词 在从句中所作的成分。 This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year. 去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作 地点状语) The house(that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old. 我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中 作宾语) 3why的用法 why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句 中作原因状语。 I have come around to explain the reason why(for which) I was absent from the meeting. 我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。 先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中 所作的成分。 This is the reason why he was late. 这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中原因作状语) Please tell me the reason (that/which) he explained to you. 请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语) 4the way作先行词 首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。 (1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或 which。 The way (that/which) he thought of to solve the problem was not practical. 他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。 (2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词in which，that或省 略。 This is the way (that/in which) he learns English. 这就是他学习英语的方法。 单句改错 I often think of the days when we spent on the island together. _ _ There are some reasons which they do this. _ _ _ whenwhich/that或删除when先行词为the days，代入定语从句中作 spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which，that或者省略。 在which前加for或whichwhy先行词为some reasons，代入定语从 句后为they do this for some reasons，因此用why或者for which引导定语从 句。 I hope I can be admitted to a good college, which I will have a chance to improve my English further. _ _ _ The first thing I would say is that the way which you begin the conversation is very important. _ _ _ 在which前加in或whichwhere先行词为a good college，代入非限 制性定语从句后为.improve my English further in the college，因此用 where引导，或使用in which。 在which前加in或whichthat或删除which先行词是the way，代入到 定语从句中充当方式状语，因此在which前加in，或which改为that，或删 除which。 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere which his employees enjoy their work. _ _ _ _ 在which前加in或whichwhere先行词为atmosphere，代入定语从句 后为his employees enjoy their work in this atmosphere，关系词在定语从句 中充当地点状语，也可采用“介词关系代词”的方式。因此用where或者 in which。 This is the museum where you visited the other day. _ _ Have you ever been to Wuhan, where I left 5 years ago? _ _ wherethat/which或删除where关系词指代先行词museum，在定语 从句中充当visited的宾语。 wherewhich引导词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，引 导词在从句中充当left的宾语且不能省去。 二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 1在这种结构中，若关系代词指人，只能用whom；若关系代词指 物，只能用which。 It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 那是在1952年，曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师，我向他寻求建议。 Ill never forget the day on which (when) I first met you. 我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。 This is the town in which (where) Shakespeare was born. 这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。 I forgot the exact place to which (where) I had paid a visit. 我忘记了已经参观过的确切地点。 Theres no reason for which (why) we can betray our friends. 我们没有理由背叛朋友。 Id like you to explain the reason for which(why) you were absent. 我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。 “名词/代词/数词/最高级of关系代词”结构 比如：none/some/several/a few/many/more/most/two/the biggest of which/whom等。 The journey around the world would take the sailor nine months, the sailing time of which (of which the sailing time) was 226 days. 环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。 Here are the questions, none of which (of which none) I thought are difficult for you. 就是这些问题，我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。 Present at the meeting were almost experts on AI, most of whom (of whom most) were male. 出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。 2关系代词前介词的选用 (1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。 Close friends are those to whom you feel so close that it is hard to imagine life without them. 密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人，以至于你无法想象没有他们的 生活。(feel close to) Charity is the cause to which he is devoted. 慈善是他挚爱的事业。(be devoted to) (2)依据与先行词的搭配来确定。 This is the farm on which he works. 这就是他工作的农场。(on the farm) (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。 有些“动词(名词)介词”的固定搭配，如look for，look after， call on，take care of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。 My youngest brother, after whom I have to look, is very naughty.() My youngest brother, whom I have to look after, is very naughty.() 用“介词关系代词”填空 Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. 解析：先行词是subject，指物，argue为不及物动词，关系词在从句 中作介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句的动词构成搭配argue over/about sth。 over/about which We must work even harder during the coming winter holiday and never forget that we are part of the school _ the name is Guangming Senior High School. 解析：of which the namethe name of whichwhose name。故用of which。 In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. 解析：定语从句的主语可还原为half of the students。因而使用of whom。 of which of whom The pen _ he is writing is mine. 解析：根据搭配write with the pen可知。应使用with which。 He bought a book yesterday, the writer _ is a teacher. 解析：book是先行词，指物，还原到定语从句中为the writer of the book。故用of which。 I dont think the number of the people _ this happens is very large. 解析：people是先行词，指人，还原到定语从句中为this happens to the people。故用to whom。 with which of which to whom In the street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. 解析：person是先行词，还原到定语从句中为she could turn to the person for help。turn to sb for help是固定搭配，意为“求助于某人”。关系 代词whom指代person。 The way _ Miss Liu teaches English is quite different from Miss Zhaos. 解析：way是先行词，还原到定语从句中作状语，关系词有三种情况 ：that/in which/不填。 to whom in which 三、使用定语从句应该注意的问题 1定语从句中的主谓一致问题 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语 动词的数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意 的几个主谓一致的问题： (1)I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致 I, who am your teacher, will try to solve all kinds of questions. 我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。 (2)当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，且 作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. 众所周知，中国已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。 (3)当“one ofthe(形容词最高级)复数名词”位于关系词前时， 定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。 The Summer Palace is one of the worldfamous places of interest that draw lots of visitors. 颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。 The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood. 指环王是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。 当“the only one ofthe(形容词最高级)复数名词”位于关系词 前时，定语从句的先行词是the only one，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式 。 This is the only one of the songs in the album that is sung in English. 这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。 Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. 在这些最精彩的电影中，泰坦尼克号是唯一一部好莱坞制作的 影片。 2from where，since/until/by when也可以引导定语从句。 He stood on top of the hill, from where he could see the Yangtze River. 他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(from wherefrom which place) The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has seen great changes. 这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。(since/until/ by whensince/until/by which time) 对比训练 1This is one of the most interesting films that _(be) shown last week. 解析：关系词前有one of the most interesting films，定语从句先行词 为films，谓语动词要用复数。 2This is the only one of the most interesting films that _(be) shown last week. 解析：先行词为the only one，因此定语从句中谓语动词用单数。 were was 1He has two sons, both of _ are college students. 解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为two sons，设空处前有 介词of，因此用whom指代先行词。 2He has two sons, and both of _ are college students. 解析：本句为并列句，因而第二个并列分句主语应是both of them， them指代two sons。 whom them 1He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east. 解析：先行词为the room，代入定语从句中从句的主语变为the rooms window，因此用whose。 2He still lives in the room, the window of _ faces to the cast. 解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，介词后指物用which。 whose which 3He still lives in the room _ is on the third floor. 解析：先行词为the room，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此用 which/that。 4He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table. 解析：先行词为the room，代入定语从句后为there is a beautiful table in the room，设空处充当地点状语，因此用关系副词where，也可用in which。 which/that where/in which 1After the flooding，people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water and medicine. 解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据语境 可知，先行词为people，故用who。who指代主句中的people。也可填and ，连接两个并列谓语，主语都为people。 2After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ clean water and medicine were needed. 解析：先行词为area，代入定语从句后为clean water and medicine were needed in that area，从句中缺少地点状语，因此用where/in which。 who/and where/in which 1A housing bubble is an economic situation _ occurs when house prices rise much too fast. 解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当主语，因此用 which/that。 2Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. 解析：先行词为situation，设空处在从句中充当地点状语，因此使用 where，也可使用in which。 which/that where/in which 1Ill never forget the days _ we studied together. 解析：先行词为the days，设空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此 用when，也可用during/on which。 2Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 解析：先行词为the days，设空处在定语从句中充当spent的宾语。因 此用which/that或省略关系词。 when或during/on which which/that 1This is the only way _ you can find. 解析：先行词为way，有the only修饰，设空处在定语从句中充当宾 语，因此不能使用which，而用that，that还可省略。 2I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother. 解析：先行词为the way，设空处在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系 词可用in which/that或省略关系词。 that in which/that 1Is this museum _ they visited last month? 解析：疑问句转换成陈述句为This museum is _ they visited last month.。定语从句中缺少先行词。因此用the one。 2Is this the museum _ they visited last month? 解析：先行词为the museum，设空处在定语从句中充当visited的宾语 ，关系词可用which/that，也可省略。 3Is this the museum _ they paid a visit last month? 解析：pay a visit to.为固定搭配。 the one which/that to which 1It was 10 oclock _ they went out of the cinema. 解析：先行词为表示时间的名词，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when 引导定语从句，也可用at which。 2It was at 10 oclock _ they went out of the cinema. 解析：本句为强调句。去掉It was和设空处后剩余部分仍为一个完整 的句子。 when/at which that 专项练习 用适当的关系代词或副词填空 1Selfdriving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 2Do you like the book _ she paid $10? 3Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. where for which from which about which from which 6The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 7She glanced at the room _ four men were talking aloud. 8Do you know the year _ the Chinese Communist Party was founded? 9The factory _ we are working will be rebuilt soon. 10The reason _ she did it is that she wouldnt let her parents feel disappointed. to whom where when/in which where/in which why/for which 根据提示补全下列定语从句 1This is the museum _. 这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。(where) 2We live in an age _ easily than ever before. 我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。(when) 3The reason _ was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why) where we saw the famous painting when people can communicate more why he was late 4The documents _ have been recovered. 他们寻找的文件已经找到了。(for which) 5This is the teacher _. 这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。(from whom) 6The man _ just now is my English teacher. 刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。(to whom) for which they were searching from whom weve learned a lot to whom you were talking 7Ill never forget the day _. 我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。(on which) 8The factory _ is in the east of the city. 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。(in which) 9None of us know the reason _ from the meeting. 我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。(for which) 10Great changes have taken place in the city _. 我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(in which) on which I joined the Party in which my father works for which Tom was absent in which I was born 用适当的关系词填空 I will tell you a story _ is very interesting.It is about a good man _ is called Tom.Tom married a girl _ name is Jane.Jane is the girl _ Tom loves.They live in a house _ was built by Toms father.It is an old house _ Tom was born.It was in the house _ he was born that they got married.Tom likes to write stories and Jane loves all the stories _ Tom writes.They have 5 children, 3 of _ are boys.The children are very clever, _ makes Tom very happy. 1.that/which 2.who/that3.whose 4.who/whom/that 5.that/which 6.where7.where 8.that9.whom 10.which All the children go to college, _ their parents expect.Tom once said he would never forget the day _ he met Jane.Tom believes that Jane is the most beautiful girl _ he has ever met.That is the reason _ he wanted to marry her.Jane said that Tom was the person with _ she would live for a whole life.They are really a happy couple, from _ we can learn a lot.Their children live in a family _ their parents are treating them like friends.We all admire the way _ Tom treats his children.He is a good man with _ everyone would like to live. 11.as 12.when 13.that 14.why 15.whom 16.whom 17.where 18.that 19.whom Tom is one of the villagers _ have been reported in the newspaper and he is the only one of those villagers who has acted in a film. 20.who/that Page 50 unlimited THANK Thanks for listening!Thanks for listening! 1 2021-2022 学年人教高中英语必修一学年人教高中英语必修一 Unit5 语法语法 关系副词和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 一、关系副词引导的定语从句一、关系副词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系副词包括 when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原 因。其具体用法见下表： 关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分 when表示时间时间状语 where表示地点地点状语 why表示原因原因状语 1when 的用法的用法 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为 time，day，morning，night，week，year 等 表示时间的名词。 There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。 【点津点津】 先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用 when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。 We still remember the days when we spent our holiday together. 我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when 在从句中作时间状语) We still remember the days (that/which) we spent together. 我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which 在从句中作宾语) 2where 的用法的用法 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为 place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country 等表示地点的名词或 point (地步)，case(情况)， situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。 The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down. 这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。 They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw an interesting play. 他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。 What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？ 【点津点津】 先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用 where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。 This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year. 去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where 在从句中作地点状语) The house(that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old. 我们去年参观的那个房子有 500 多年的历史了。(that/which 在从句中作宾语) 2 3why 的用法的用法 why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason，why 在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。 I have come around to explain the reason why(for which) I was absent from the meeting. 我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。 【点津点津】 先行词是 reason 时，关系词是否用 why，还需要判断关系词