Unit 4 词汇句式讲解和训练学案（无答案） （2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上学期）.docx

1、1 Unit4 Natural Disasters 1.flood n. 洪水洪水; 大量大量vi.淹没淹没; 大量涌入大量涌入vt. 使灌满水使灌满水; 淹没淹没 (2018全国卷) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. 成年人都理解到处都是物品的那种感觉。 (1)in flood在泛滥 (2)be flooded with 被淹没 针对练习：介词填空针对练习：介词填空 Every day were flooded _ all kinds of sounds, of which most are no

2、ise. Memories of his childhood came _(flood) back. 2. rescue n. 救援救援 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 在被洪水袭击的灾区, 救援工人和士兵在干什么? He rescued a child from drowning. 他救了一名落水儿童。 (1)come/go to ones rescue来/去援救某人 (2)rescue. . . from. . .把从营救出来 针对练习【即学活用】针对练习【即学活用】 (1)All

3、the people nearby _ _ _ _ when hearing her cry for help. 附近的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。 (2)_ _ _ is trying to reach the trapped miners. 救援队正设法到达矿工被困的位置。 3. damage vt. 损害损害; 破坏破坏n.损坏损坏; 损失损失 The crops were badly damaged by the storm. 庄稼受到暴风雨的严重损害。 Eating too much meat at a time will cause damage to your stomach.

4、 一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。 (1)be badly damaged遭受严重损害 (2) do /cause damage to给带来/造成损害 针对练习：完成句子针对练习：完成句子 (1)Drinking and smoking can _ _ _. 2 饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。 (2)They managed to repair the houses that _ _ _. 他们尽力修复严重受损的房屋。 4. ruin n. 毁坏毁坏 A large number of churches fell into ruin after the earthquake. 地震过后, 许多教

5、堂都被毁了。 (1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟 (2)fall into ruin毁灭; 毁坏 针对练习：完成句子针对练习：完成句子 (1)Years of fighting left the area _ _. 连年的战争使这一地区破败不堪。 (2)His good fame _ _ _ because of his rudeness. 他因为粗鲁而人设崩塌。 5.trap vt. 使落入险境使落入险境; 使陷入圈套使陷入圈套n.险境险境; 陷阱陷阱 During the fire,he was trapped in the building. 火灾发生时, 他被困在大楼里。 T

6、he police set a trap to catch the thief.警察设下了圈套来捉拿窃贼。 (1)be trapped under/in. . .被困于 (2) fall into a trap落入圈套 针对练习：完成句子针对练习：完成句子 (1)The lift broke down and we _ _ inside. 电梯出故障了, 我们被困在了里面。 (2)He was so smart that he _ _ _ _ _ him. 他很聪明, 诱骗很多人相信他。 6. bury vt.埋葬埋葬; 安葬安葬 Buried in his study,he didnt kn

7、ow that the others had left.他埋头学习, 不知道其他人已经离开了。 He buried his face in his hands.他双手掩面。 (1) be buried under /beneath /in. . .被埋在 (2)埋头于/专心 针对练习：句型转换针对练习：句型转换 因为她专心看电影, 不知道外面正在下雪。 Because she buried herself in the film,she didnt know it was snowing outside. 3 =_,she didnt know it was snowing outside.

8、(用现在分词短语作状语) . 7.go through 经历经历; 经受经受 What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes? 还有哪些别的城市和小镇经历了相似的变化? 根据语境猜测黑体部分的含义 (1)We have to go through with the book first. () (2)The piano will hardly go through the door. () 8. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 似乎世界末日就要来了似乎世界

9、末日就要来了! 【句式解构】 (1)It seemed as if . . . 这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。 (2)as if=as though 意为“仿佛; 好像”, 引导的从句, 常放在 be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel 等系动词之后 作表语。 (3)as if 还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时, 从句谓语常 用虚拟语气, 结构如下: 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done) 与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/mig

10、ht do 针对练习：语法填空针对练习：语法填空 (1)He sang and laughed loudly as if he _(be) the only person in the world. 他大声地唱着、笑着, 好像他是这世界上仅有的人。 (2)The teacher asked him a question, but he made no answer _ he didnt hear it. 老师问了他一个问题, 但是他像没听到似的没有作出回答。 9. Water,food,and electricity were hard to get. 水、食物和电都很难获得。水、食物和电都很

11、难获得。 【句式解构】 这是“主语+be+adj. +不定式”结构的句式。 4 在此句式中如果同时符合了下列两个条件, 常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 (1)表语是性质形容词, 如 difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,pleasant,interesting,exciting 等; (2)不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 This maths problem is very difficult to work out. 这道数学题很难解。 针对练习：针对练习：【即学活用】 (1)The apples _ _ _ _. 这些苹果很难够到。 (2)The ba

12、by _ _ _ _ _ _. 这个孩子不好带。 10. affect vt.影响影响; (疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭; 深深打动深深打动 Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke per year. 每年大约 5 亿 4 千万人受二手烟的影响。 The people present at the meeting were deeply affected by the story. 出席会议的人被这个故事深深地打动了。 (1)be affected with high fever发高烧 (2)be affected by .

13、 . .被打动/影响 针对练习：针对练习： (1) The child _ _ _ high fever. 那孩子发高烧了。 知识归纳知识归纳 Unit 4 Today, natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, landslides, typhoons, hurricanes,tornadoes and tsunamis, often strike towns and villages, causing human deaths or great damage to peoples property. The most dangerous of

14、 them is the volcanic eruption. An active volcano can erupt at any time. Its great power can ruin crops, destroy houses and even bury villages. When a tsunami comes, the waves Can crash buildings and sweep away crops. Experts say people should remain calm in the face of an emergency. Experts also gi

15、ve a summary of the effect of some natural disasters. Although they affect peoples lives, the effect is not as serious as people imagine. A great earthquake struck the city and everyone was shocked. Ninety percent of the buildings lay in ruins,metal pipes and taps cracked, and bricks covered the gro

16、und. There were ruins everywhere. Many people 5 选择填空 词汇闯关 were trapped at home and suffered a great deal. There was neither electricity nor water. It seemed as if the world were at an end. The government immediately organised rescue teams to evacuate people and take the trapped survivors to shelters

17、 in the open air. Some doctors ran over with first aid kits on hand. The helicopters delivered all kinds of supplies and the ambulances whistled by. The PLA also came to their rescue. Thanks to their unified efforts and wisdom, the city began to breathe and revive. 课堂检测课堂检测 一、单词拼写一、单词拼写 1. Men must

18、consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding(避难所) before they can pursue entertainment and recreation. 2. The small action of littering may lead to(灾难) for small animals and their living environment. 3. Due to the(旱灾) in Southwest China, millions of people had to carry water from far away places.

19、 4. The news of the(火山爆发) in Indonesia is being broadcast and I want to listen. 5. What I learn about this violence is that it has caused at least three(死亡). 6. While I was cooking supper, the(电) went off. 7. Please write me aof this report. 8. As we all know, fish cannot bout of water. 9. Fortunate

20、ly somebody who happened to be passing by called the eaid immediately the traffic accident occurred. 10. The driver who died in the accident could have s, but he was sent to hospital too late. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空单项选择二、用所给词的正确形式填空单项选择 11. A few weeks later, the first buildings _ had been damaged were repai

21、red. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which 12. Anything _ could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge. 6 翻译句子 A. whichB. thatC. whatD. 不填 13. Past winners of the Nobel Prize in physics, _ has now been awarded 210 times, have been honored for their important discoveries. A. whoB. whatC. th

22、atD. which 14. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those _ are bold in struggling. A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which 15. The helicopter arrived on the scene quickly tothe survivors. A. keepB. rescueC. shakeD. protect 16. The U.S. state of California has _ a heavy flood for a whole week sin

23、ce June, which brought dangerous conditions to many Californians. A. affectedB. containedC. sufferedD. ruined 17. Jackson is cheerful about his life _ he is suffering from cancer. A. even ifB. as long asC. as ifD. ever since 18. Havent you heard the news? What news? Some of the workers are on _ marc

24、h while others on _ strike. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /; / 19. The _ of the harmful chemicals on the worlds lakes and oceans has raised awareness of the public. A. effectB. effortC. donationD. distribution 20. A new study shows older men _ a lack of deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to dev

25、elop high blood pressure. A. suffering forB. who is suffering C. who suffer fromD. who suffer to 三、翻译三、翻译 21.如果你想通过考试，你就得专心学习。（bury） _ 22.看到医生的账单我很震惊。 _ 7 23.如果你举起那只箱子，你会受伤的。 _ 24.那个城市现在成了一片废墟。 _ 25.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。（think.of） _ A Choose Your One-Day-Tours! Tour A - Bath &Stonehenge including entra

26、nce fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge -37 until 26 March and 39 thereafter. Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum, Stonehenge is one of the worlds most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years. Tour

27、 B - Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Marys Church Tower and Anne Hathaways -32 until 12 March and 36 thereafter. Oxford: Includes a guided tour of Englands oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶）” from St Marys Church Tower. Str

28、atford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder. Tour C - Windsor Castle &Hampton Court: including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace -34 until 11 March and 37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILLs favorite palace. Free time to visit

29、Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) wh

30、ere it is easy to get lost! Tour D Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great -33 until 18 March and 37 thereafter. Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century. 1Which tour will you choose if you want to see England

31、s oldest university city? 8 ATour ABTour B CTour CDTour D 2Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March? AWindsor Castle & Hampton CourtBOxford & Stratford CBath & StonehengeDCambridge 3Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction? AIt used to be the home of royal familiesBIt u

32、sed to be a well-known maze CIt is the oldest palace in BritainDIt is a world-famous castle 二二、语法填空语法填空 The Notre Dame(巴黎圣母院巴黎圣母院) fire It feels as though the very heart of France and the soul of Europe have been broken. The fire of Notre Dame in Paris26Monday evening was an act of blind and terribl

33、e destruction,27 (cause) great emotional pains to us all. We all share Frances terrible loss. The fire struck28(quick) and uncontrollably. It gathered force with huge power. Much of the roof and the central building caught fire. After an hour or so, the Paris firefighters were able29(get) part of th

34、e fire under some degree of control and to protect other30(part) of the building that may survive. As night31(fall), the great west towers still stood against the sky, proud but hurt. The Notre Dame is the symbol of the French capital and of France itself. It32(be) in its place since the 12th centur

35、y. It is world famous not simply as a Parisian building but through the33(write) of Victor Hugo,34 made the building itself come alive in his novel Hunchback of Notre Dame. We believe the Dame will rise again in time. This terrible fire is not an event that should35(ignore) or quickly forgotten. We stand with France in its hour of heartbreak. We will never, ever, turn away.