Unit 1 Extended reading 知识点学案-（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上期）（有答案）.doc

1、1 B1U1 Back to school Extended reading 新知探究新知探究 1.Last year， I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年， 我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。 知识点 exchangen.交换；交流；兑换 I have volunteered to help two exchange students with their Mandarin learning during the past two years. 在过去两年我

2、自愿帮助两名交换生学习普通话。 知识拓展 (1) exchange 作名词时的常见用法： in exchange(for.)作为交换， 互换 an exchange student交换生(两国交换的留学生) It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them. 公务员以为人们做好事作为交换向人们要礼物或金钱是违法的。 I feel delighted to learn that you are coming to study in our city

3、 as an exchange student. 我很高兴地听说，作为交换生你要来我们这所城市学习。 (2) exchange 还可以作动词： exchangevt.交换;交流;兑换 exchange sth with sb与某人交换某物 2 exchange a word/words with sb和某人交谈 exchange A for B以 A 换 B Ive never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk， but they wanted to help. 除了闲聊，我和那些妈妈们从来没有说过话，但是她们想帮忙。 The

4、man shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. 这个男人与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。 He exchanged a quick smile with her， and then entered the lift. 他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。 I am going to travel abroad， so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in bank. 我准备出国旅游，所以得去银行把一些人民币兑换成美金。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 As_ exchange stu

5、dent，I had a chance to enjoy the beautiful scenery and rich traditions of Canada last year. Westudentsshouldoftenexchangeideas_ our parents,who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world. The man has offered to paint the kitchen_exchange for a weeks accommodation. (2)完成句子。 与此同时

6、，我们互相交流想法和感受，通过这种方式我们很可能获得更多的知识。 Meanwhile， we can _， through which we probably acquire more knowledge. 答案：1.an 2.with 3.in 4.exchange ideas and feelings with each other 2.In the beginning， however， it was still tough for me to remember everyones name ! 然而， 在最初的时候，对于我来说，仍然很难记住每个人的名字! 知识点 toughadj.艰难

7、的； 严厉的； 坚强的； 坚固的(比较级：tougher， 最高级：toughest) It can be tough trying to juggle a career and a family. 3 要事业家庭两不误，是很困难的。 He seems to be the toughest of all the children. 他似乎是所有孩子中最结实的。 知识拓展 (1) tough 的常见用法： be/get tough on/with.对严格要求， 对采取强硬措施 take a tough line on对实施严厉惩罚 as tough as old boots坚韧不拔；雷打不动 a

8、s tough as nails She has been having a tough time of it lately. 她最近的日子很难熬。 Dont be too tough on him-he was only trying to help. 别对他要求过高，他只是想帮忙。 Hell never pay up unless you get tough with him. 你如果不对他强硬点，他是绝不会把钱付清的。 The government is taking a tough line on drug abuse. 政府正在对滥用麻醉药品采取强硬方针。 We must then

9、be as tough as nails facing the difficulty. 面对困难，我们必须要做到坚韧不拔。 (2) tough 的名词形式： toughnessn.坚韧；韧度；健壮 即学即用 (1) 写出下列句中 tough 的汉语意思。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. Dave is not a nervous wreck(精神脆弱的人)， but as tough as an old boot. I am well aware that this is a tough

10、 job. Hell never answer our questions unless we get tough with him. 4 答案：1.艰苦的 2.坚强的 3.棘手的 4.强硬的 (2)单句语法填空。 Never lose faith even in the_ (tough)time of life. On top of it being dark， it trained， which made the going even_ (tough) . Realize that conquering difficult tasks builds mental _(tough) and

11、cultivates persistence. (3) 完成句子。 现在学校要对校园里横行霸道的学生采取严历措施了。 Its about time the school started to_bullies on the campus. 答案：1.toughest 2.tougher 3.toughness 4.get tough with 3.I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm ! 我是如此喜欢它(时钟)以至于用它当作闹钟! 句析 so.that.“如此以至于”引导结果状语从句。在此结构中，so 是副词，后接形容词或 副词。 T

12、om is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion unless he wants their support. 涛姆是如此独立以致于他从来不求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。 知识拓展 (1)so.that.句型的常见形式： so+adj./adv.+that. so+adj.+a/an+n.+that. so+many/much/few/little+n.+that. (2) such.that.句型的常见形式： such+a/an+adj.+n.+that. such+adj.+n.(复数或不可数) +that. (

13、3) 当 so/such 放在句首时， 主句要用部分倒装语序。 His teaching is so well organised that we have no difficulty in understanding him. 5 他讲课如此有条理以兰于我们理解起来都没有困难。 There are so many schoolbags in the shop that I dont know which one to buy. 商店里有这么多书包，我不知道该买哪个。 The mountain is so high that nobody can climb up to the top of

14、it. 这座山高，没有人能爬到山顶。 This is such an interesting book that many students enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，很多学生都喜欢看。 SocrazyamIaboutspaceexplorationthatinmysparetimeIoftengo to the library to read something about space exploration. 我对太空探素如此痴速以至于业余时间戒常常图书馆阅读有关太空探索的东西。 Whatisofvitalimportanceistoteachpeoplehowt

15、opreservetheearth ， so that it will benefit the following generations. 最重要的是教会人们如何保护地球，以便造福子孙后代。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 Onourwaytothehouse ，itwasraining_hardthatwecouldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. Koalas are _a great attraction for visitors that many zoos are trying to include the

16、m among their species. So absorbed _he in our talk that my brother took a wrong turn on the way to the airport. Jim had prepared carefully for his physics test so_he could be sure of passing it at the first attempt. (2)完成句子。 水资源已经被污染得如此严重，以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用。 Water resources have become_some of the wat

17、er is unfit to drink or to use. 答案：1.so 2.such 3.was 4.that 5.so badly polluted that 知识点 alarmn.闹钟；恐慌：警报：警报器 6 vt.使惊恐，使害怕 The doorkeeper gave the alarm as soon a she saw the smoke. 看门的人一见冒烟就发出了警报。 The captain knew there was an engine fault but didnt want to alarm the passengers. 船长知道一台发动机出了故障，不过他不想惊

18、动乘客。 知识拓展 (1) alarm 的常见用法： sound/give/raise the alarm发出警报； 敲警钟 in alarm惊恐地 alarm clock闹钟 alarm call催醒电话； 叫醒电话 a fire alarm火警 alarm bells ring/start ringing警钟敲响； 发出危险信号 I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return that night. 那天夜里他没回家，我越来越感到恐慌。 In case of fire， ring the alarm bell. I normal

19、ly wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off. 我一般在闹钟响之前 5 分钟就醒了。 I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm. 我敲打所有门让大家警觉。 (2) alarm 对应的形容词形式: alarmedadj.担心;害怕 be alarmed at/by对惊/担心 She was alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone. 她一想到独自旅行的情景就害怕。 alarmingadj.使人惊恐的； 令人惊梳的 The d

20、ecrease of African elephant population is alarming. 7 非洲象数量的减少令人担忧。 即学即用 (3)单句语法填空。 The police found in the area an_(alarm) increase in crime， so they decided to take measures at once. We should not be too _(alarm) by the press reports， and believe in the government . The firemen were alarmed_ the b

21、ig fire they had never seen before. (4)完成句子。 雨林正以惊人的速度消失，我们人类应该尽力去保护它们。 Therainforestsaredisappearing_,andwehumanbeings should try our best to protect them. 答案：1.alarming 2.alarmed 3.at/by 4.at an alarming rate 4.Class discussion is very important in the UK，but l could not make much of a contributio

22、n because sometimes I wasnt able to express myself clearly in English. 在英国， 课堂讨论很重要， 但是我能做的贡献不多，因为有时我无法清晰地用英语表达自 己的看法。 知识点 contributionn.贡献； 捐款； 捐赠 Although he lived over 2， 000years ago， people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. 尽管他生活在两千多年以前，但人们仍然记得并尊敬他对今天教育

23、事业的贡献。 知识拓展 (1) contribution 的常见用法： make a contribution/contributions to对做出贡献；捐款 These brave soldiers made great contributions to the peace of the world. 8 这些勇敢的战士为世界和平做出了巨大的贡献。 He has made great contributions to the science of physics，for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. 他对物理学做出了很大贡献，为此他被授予诺贝尔

24、奖。 (2) contribution 的动词形式及常见用法： contributev.捐献；投稿；促成；造成 contribute.to.把贡献给； 把(时间等) 投人到.；捐款；投稿 contribute to是的原因； 增进 Many people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people. 很多人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。 This book contributes a lot to our understanding of the subject. 这本书对我们了解速门学科助益甚多。 A

25、 teacher wrote an article about this event and contributed it to a newspaper. 一住老师据此事写了一篇文章并向推杜授了稿。 Fresh air contributes to our health. 新鲜空气有助于我们的健康。 The drivers carelessness contributed to the traffic accident. 司机的粗心大意导致了这次交通事故。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 Rosa Parks made a great _(contribute)to the civil-rig

26、hts movement in the US. We were deeply touched by her contribution_the protection of animals. Their inventions have greatly contributed_ development of the electrical engineering. (2) 完成句子 诺贝尔奖将颁发给为和平、文学和科学事业做出巨大贡献的人。 9 The Nobel Prize would be awarded to people who_ the cause of peace， literature，

27、and the sciences. 答案：1.contribution 2.to 3.to4.made great contributions to 5.Although there was not as much homework as I was used to， it was still challenging. 尽管作业不像我习惯的一样多，但是仍是有挑战性。 知识点 句中“as.as”结构，意为“和一样”，表示同级的比较。 Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeironlinecourseworkas they would in a fa

28、ce-to-face classroom course. 学生花在在线课程上的时间至少要和他们花在面对面的课堂上的时间一样多。 知识拓展 同级比较： 基本结构；第一个 as，修饰形容词或副词的原级：第二个 as 既可引导从句又可接名词或 代词; 否定式：not as/so.as.不如; 若有修饰成分，如 twice，three times，half，a quarter 等，则须置于第一个 as 之前，即 twice/three times/half/a quarter+as+adj./adv.+as.”; 当 as.as 中间有名词时，应采用以下格式： as+adj.+a/an +n.+as

29、或 as+many/much+n.+as While listening,write down as many words as you can that give new information and are stressed. 在听的时候，写下尽量多的能给由新信息和被重读的单词。 Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand，even more so. 兴趣对于学习来说，如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 What is well-known is that sound can travel about fou

30、r times as fast through water as through air. 众所周知,声音在水里的传播速度是在空气里的四倍。 Small as it is， the ant is as much a creature as all other animals on the earth. 虽然它很小，但蚂蚁和地球上的其他动物是一样的。 When youre sitting still， your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart， and it takes 10 four to five times as much

31、 blood to feed it. 当你坐着不动的时候，大脑消耗的能量是心脏的两倍，它需要四到五倍的血液供给量。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空 They calculated that rolling the block required about_much force as moving it along a slippery path. Americans eat only about if teen pounds of fish per person per year， but we eat_ (two) as much fish in restaurants as at home.

32、 If exports are not as important_ imports now， they definitely will be in the near future. (2)完成句子。 国与国之间争取奥运举办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。 Theres_ among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 答案：1.as 2.twice 3.as 4.as much competition 6 .Fortunately ， my teachers and classmates were always

33、helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 幸运的是，我的老师和同学们总是乐于助人，给了我很多鼓。 知识点 fortunatelyadv. 幸运地， 幸亏 l was late， but fortunately the meeting hadnt started 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 We both fell off the bikes but fortunately neither of us got hurt. 我们两个都从自行车上掉了下来，幸好都没有受伤。 知识拓展 (1) fortunately 的反义词形式： unfortuna

34、telyadv.不幸地； 遗憾地 Unfortunately， his father died， leaving the family very poor. 11 不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境非常贫穷。 (3) fortunately 对应的形容词形式及常见用法： fortunateadj.运气好的； 幸运的 be fortunate to do.幸运的是 I was fortunate to catch todays last bus to the county at the last minute. 我在最后一分钟赶上了今天最后一班去县城的汽车，真是幸运。 (3) fortuna

35、te 的反义词形式： unfortunateadj.不幸的 They blamed themselves for this unfortunate marriage. 他们为这桩不幸的婚姻责备自己。 (4) fortunate 对应的名词形式及常见用法： fortunen.(尤指影响人生的) 机会， 运气； 大笔的钱，巨款 try ones fortune碰运气 bring good fortune带来好运 seek ones fortune寻找出路； 寻找发财的机会 make a/ones fortune发财 Many people went to cities to make their

36、fortune. 为了发财，很多人都去了城里。 These two brothers decided to go to America to try/seek their fortune. 这兄弟俩决定去美国碰碰运气。 misfortunen.厄运；不幸 Misfortunes never come single. 祸不单行。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 If _(fortune) ， you get addicted to smoking，you should seek help and take experts advice. 12 Now there are many young m

37、en in our society dreaming of making _fortune without hard work. I have had good fortune _(work) with some brilliant directors. (2)完成句子。 年轻一代都很幸运，成长在和平、富足的时代。 The young generation _be growing up in a time of peace and plenty. 答案： 1.unfortunately 2.a 3.to work 4.are all fortunate to 7.The one that at

38、tracted me most was the Rugby Club. 最吸引我的是英式橄榄球俱乐部。 知识点 attractvt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应) It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 很遺憾这些建于 19 世纪的工业城市没能吸引游客。 知识拓展 (1) attract 的常见用法： attract ones attention吸引某人的注意力 attract sb to sb/sth吸引某人关注某人/某事 be attr

39、acted to/by.为所吸引 The effect of lack of water on northern areas have attracted the publics attention. 缺水对北方地区的影响已经引起了公众的注意。 (2) attract 的名词形式及常见用法： attractionn.吸引力；吸引人的事物 tourist attraction旅游胜地/景点 have no/little/much attraction for sb对某人没有/几乎没有/有很大吸引力 Physical beauty must also be accompanied by an at

40、traction to something deeper within a person. 外在美也一定要与一个人的内在魅力同时存在。 Venice is one of the greatest tourist attractions of the world. 威尼斯是世界上最令人向往的旅游胜地之一。 13 Detective novels used to have a special attraction for me. 侦探小说曾对我特别有吸引力。 (3) attract 的形容词形式及常见用法： attractiveadj.吸引人的； 迷人的， 有魅力的 be attractive t

41、o对有吸引力 Qingdao is an attractive city located on the eastern coast of China. 青岛是一个位于中国东部沿海地区的迷人城市。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 He could attract customers_ his shop simply by making changes to its environment. The Great Wallis such a well-known tourist_(attract) that millions of people pour in every year. The gir

42、l from London was attracted_ the beauty and she decided to spend another two days on the farm. Mount Tai is_ (attract) to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites. (2) 完成句子。 今日中国吸引了世界范围的关注，这显示全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。 China Today _worldwide， which shows that more and more people all over the wo

43、rld want to learn about China. 答案：1.to 2.attraction 3.by 4.attractive 5.attracts peoples attention 学知测评 单句语法填空 1.As _exchange student， Wei Hua studied in a British high school for one year. 2.The disease has spread at an_ (alarm) rate，and people in the city all got panicked. 3.As a country of rich h

44、istory，ancient China is famous for its great _(contribute) to modern civilization. 4. With hundreds of _(attract) ，Beijing is a city which makes a lasting impression on it s visitors. 14 5._(fortune) ， there were a lot of cars on the road so it took us a long time to get to the destination. 6.In thi

45、s stressful and competitive world，a holiday isnt an _ (option) extra. Instead，its a must. 7.Asweallknow ， Beijinghasbecomethefirstcity_(host)boththe Summer and the Winter Olympics. 8.Travelling exposes you to people and lifestyles quite different from _back at home. 答案：1.an 2.alarming 3.contributions 4.attractions 5.Unfortunately 6.optional 7.to host 8.those