新能源概论全册配套最完整精品课件.ppt
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1、新能源概论全册配套最新能源概论全册配套最 完整精品课件完整精品课件 Introduction to New and Renewable Energy Chapter 1 Overview of new energy development 1.1 Objectives and outline of the course 1.2 Some basic concepts 1.3 Status of energy and renewable energy development 1.4 New energy technology perspectives 1.1 Objectives and Out
2、line of the course 1 Overview of new energy development 2 Wind Energy Wind Energy Resources;Wind Energy Utilization; Wind Power Generation 3 Solar Energy Basic Concepts;Solar Thermal Applications; Solar Photovoltaic;Other Solar Energy Applications 1 Objectives of the course 2 Outline of the course 4
3、 Bio-Energy Basic Concepts; Biomass Burning; Biomass Gasification, Biomass power generation 5 Hydrogen Energy Basic Concepts; Hydrogen Production; Hydrogen Storage; Hydrogen Utilization 6 Other New Energy Technology Geothermal Energy; Ocean Energy; Smart Grid, Energy Storage; Distributed Energy Syst
4、ems Textbook and References 1) UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organisation) Training Package , “Renewable energy technologies” 2) Sustainable Energy, MIT Open Course Ware, http:/ocw.mit.edu/ 3) Wang Gehua,Ai Desheng,Introduction to New Energy,Chemical Industry Press,2006. (in Chinese)
5、闭卷闭卷 Scope: lectures + textbook Exam 1. What does EPRI stand for? 2. What are the seven technology targets? 3. When the speaker says there is no silver bullet, what does he mean? Questions about the speech Listening to a speech 1.2 Some basic concepts Energy Energy is the capacity of a physical syst
6、em to perform work. Energy exists in several forms such as heat, mechanical energy, light, potential energy, electrical energy, etc. New Energy What are the conventional energy sources? In contrast to conventional energy, the word “new” in new energy may refer to what? Renewable Energy Non-Renewable
7、 Energy Primary Energy Conve ntional Energy ? New Energy ? Secondary Energy ? Energy Classification Renewable Energy Non-Renewable Energy Primary Energy Conve ntional Energy Hydro Power (Large), Wind Power (Windmill), Solar Energy (Natural Drying), Bio-Energy (Fuel Wood) Coal, Oil, Natural Gas Nucle
8、ar Energy New Energy Hydro power (Small), Wind Power (Wind Turbine), Geothermal, Solar Energy (PV,CSP), Bio-Energy (Biofuel) ? Secondary Energy Electric Power, Gasoline, Diesel Oil, Vapor, Hot Water, Hydrogen Energy Classification Gas TurbinesEnergy Storage Distributed Energy Technologies Solar PVWi
9、nd Power Energy units and conversion Joule: The amount of energy required to raise a 1-kg book 10 cm against the force of gravity Calorie: The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius 1 cal = 4.184 J Energy units and conversion Standard coal (ton c
10、oal equivalent, tce) , Standard oil (ton oil equivalent, toe) The quality of energy is measured by its heat value. In order to make statistical analysis, the quantity of energy is often converted into a standard fuel, i.e. standard coal (ton coal equivalent, tce) or standard oil (ton oil equivalent,
11、 toe) . 1kgoe=10000kcal=41.9MJ 1kgce =7000kcal=29.3MJ Energy Sources and conversion processes Energy System 资源开采资源开采 及开发及开发 加工与加工与/或或 转转 换换 一次能源一次能源 资源运输资源运输 集中转换集中转换 (如发电如发电) 运输或传运输或传 输与储存输与储存 终端用户终端用户 的利用的利用 使使 用用 设设 施施 煤煤 油油 核能核能 天然气天然气 水力水力 海洋能海洋能 生物质能生物质能 太阳能太阳能 风能风能 工艺热工艺热 动力动力 照明照明 供暖供暖 运输运输
12、化工原料化工原料 电能电能 地热地热 排灌排灌 制冷制冷 炊事炊事 The Global Energy Flowchart Dominated by fossil fuels in all sectors The future low-carbon energy system Energy efficiency refers to the ratio of economic or physical outputs to energy inputs. Energy Conservation has been a cost-effective strategy for the economic g
13、rowth without necessarily increasing energy consumption. Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Energy Intensity for GDP is a measure of energy efficiency for a nations economy. It is calculated as units of consumed energy for producing per unit of GDP. Measuring energy efficiency- Energy Intensi
14、ty TotalCoalCrude Oil Fuel Oil Electricity tce/ 104yuan t/104yuan kWh/ yuan 20051.231.180.160.020.14 20061.201.170.160.020.14 20071.161.130.150.020.14 Energy Intensity by GDP in China Emission Intensity An emission intensity is the average emission from per unit of energy consumed, or the ratio of e
15、missions to GDP. Emission intensities may be used to compare the environmental impact of different fuels or activities. Also use terms of emission factor and carbon intensity. Emission Intensity by GDP It implies the dependency of economic development on energy supply rategrowth GDP rategrowth n con
16、sumptioenergy Elasticity Energy and Economy -Elasticity of Energy Consumption 20002001200220032004200520062007 GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.43 8.30 9.08 10.03 10.09 10.40 11.60 11.90 Energy Consumption Growth Rate (%) 3.53 3.35 6.00 15.28 16.14 10.60 9.60 7.84 Elasticity of Energy Consumption 0.42 0.41 0.6
17、6 1.53 1.59 1.02 0.83 0.66 Elasticity of Energy Consumption in China BP STATISTICAL REVIEW OF WORLD ENERGY 2014 1.3 Status of energy and renewable energy development Top five countries of renewable Renewable energy Share of Global final energy Consumption, 2012 Status of Renewable Technologies, Char
18、acteristics and Costs Status of Renewable Technologies, Characteristics and Costs Status of Renewable Technologies, Characteristics and Costs 1.4 New energy technology perspectives Supply SideDemand Side Fossil-fuel power generation CCS Nuclear power plants Onshore and offshore wind Biomass IGCC and
19、 electronic equipment such as controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment. 2) Wind Turbine Components Wind blows over the angled blades and results in a turning force. The force will turn the shaft, gearbox and generator, which are all connected. The gearbox
20、increases the rotational speed, enabling the generator to produce electricity. Inside a Nacelle 轴轴 舱舱 方向舵方向舵 扭转扭转 风速计风速计 风向标风向标 Generating Unit Permanent magnets or auto-excitation type wind power generating unit for small-sized wind turbines;Asynchronous(异步)(异步) or synchronous (同步)(同步) generator fo
21、r large-sized wind turbines, mainly asynchronous type. Gearbox A gear responsible for transmitting mechnical power from low-speed input into high-speed output, in order to get in pace with generator operation. Control System, Main functions: Generating unit automatically start up in pre- established
22、 speed(normally 3-4m/s);); Automatically detect the operating parameters and conditions of generating units by sensor; When wind speed excesses maximum operational speed(normally 25m/s), automatically shut down; Emergency protection. Small scale wind power Typically up to 10 kW power Suitable for ho
23、mes, farms, businesses Grid connected or non-grid connected Configuration: 2 or 3 blades Blades: Fiber-reinforced plastics Generator: Direct-drive, permanent magnet 3-phase AC Bergey EXCEL, 10 kW AIR-X 300 W 503 500 W Whisper H40 900 W Whisper H80 1000 W Whisper 175 3 kW Designed for low maintenance
24、 Inspection and maintenance every 1-2 years Inspect mechanical and electrical connections, check for corrosion, etc. Beyond 10 years: blade or other replacement may be needed Lifetimes: 10 to 30 years are expected with proper installation and annual maintenance Case study: On-Grid Home with Wind Sys
25、tem Charlotte, VT, net metering for utility bill reduction Bergey Excel wind turbine, 10 kW 1.4 kW PV array Installed in 1999 Small scale on-grid wind system Off-Grid Wind Power Generation Direct Current Supply (DC) :Mainly for household consumption, such as lighting, electrical appliances, etc. Alt
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