语法专题之主谓一致 学案-(2021新牛津译林版)高中英语(高一上期)必修第二册.docx
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1、1 专题三:主谓一致专题三:主谓一致 谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致,称为主谓一致。主谓一致遵循着三个基本原则:语 法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 一、语法一致一、语法一致 语法一致是指主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。 其构成有以下 11 点。 1. 用 and 连接两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词一般用复数;但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件 事或同一个概念时,谓语动词用单数。 Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆是学生。 Rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国种植水稻和小麦。 Both
2、 his father and his mother are advanced teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进教师。 The professor and writer is from Nanjing University. 那位教授兼作家来自南京大学。 To love and to be loved is the great happiness. 爱与被爱是一种很大的幸福。 Bread and butter is their daily food. 奶油面包是他们的日常食物。 注注:常见的由 and 连接表示同一个概念的词有: (当其作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ) war and
3、peace 战争与和平iron and steel 钢铁bread and butter 奶油面包 milk and water 掺水的牛奶fish and chips 炸鱼土豆条meat and potatoes 肉炒土豆 fruit and cream 加奶油的水果truth and honesty 真诚a needle and thread 针线 a knife and fork 一副刀叉a cup and saucer 一套杯盘a horse and cart 一辆马车 a watch and chain 一只系表带的手表a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家 2.
4、由 everyand every, eachand each, noand no, many aand many a等构成复合主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and (every) girl has the right to get the education. 每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 Each man and (each) woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 No sound and no voice is heard for a long while. 很长时间没有听到一点声音。 Many a boy and many a girl
5、likes surfing the Internet. 许多男孩和女孩都喜欢网上冲浪。 3. 当主语后面有 with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, like, rather than, but, except, besides, in addition to, including 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数由主语来确定。 The boy with his classmates is playing on the playground. 那个男孩和他的同学们正在操场上玩耍。 I as
6、well as he am reading. 我和他在看书。 The teacher, including his students, is going to the zoo. 那位老师,包括他的学生们,要去动物园。 4.“many a+名词单数”或“more than one+名词单数”作主语时,尽管意义上是复数,谓语动词仍用 单数形式。但“many+名词复数,more+名词复数+than one”结构之后,谓语动词用复数形式。 即:many a +名词单数+动词单数many+名词复数+动词复数 more than one+名词单数+动词单数more+名词复数+than one+动词复数 M
7、any a boy likes pop music. 许多男孩喜欢流行音乐。 2 Many boys like pop music. 许多男孩喜欢流行音乐。 More than one student has seen the film. 不止一个学生看过这部电影。 More students than one have seen the film. 不止一个学生看过这部电影。 5.“each of+名词复数”和“each+名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但当“名词复数+each”作 主语时,谓语动词用复数。 Each of the houses has a security system
8、. =Each house has a security system. =The houses each have a security system. 每栋房子都有安保系统。 6.“a great deal of/a little/quite a little/a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Agreat deal of time was wasted playing. 很多时间在玩耍中浪费了。 Alarge amount of medicine is needed in the stricken area. 灾区需要大量的药物。 7. 有些
9、名词如 glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, goods, ashes, scissors, shorts, pants 等只有复数 形式, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。 但若前面有 a kind of, a sort of, a type of, a series of, a pair of, this kind of 等修饰时,谓语动词则由单位词来确定。 His glasses are on the desk. 他的眼镜在课桌上。 Apair of glasses is on the desk. 一副眼镜在课桌上。 Three pair
10、s of glasses are on the desk. 三副眼镜在课桌上。 8. 关系代词 who, that, which 在定语从句作主语时,其谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致。 Those who want to go sign your names here. 想去的人在这儿签名。 The book which was bought yesterday is lost. 昨天买的那本书不见了。 9. “分数或百分数+of+名词(短语) ”以及“all of/a lot of/plenty of/half of/a pile of/most of/the rest of/the ma
11、jority of+名词(短语) ”作主语时,谓语动词要与 of 之后的名词在数上保持一致。 30of the students are from the countryside. 百分之三十的学生来自农村。 30of the water is polluted here. 这儿百分之三十的水被污染了。 Half of the bananas are rotten. 一半的香蕉腐烂了。 Half of the banana is rotten. 一半的香蕉腐烂了。 注:注:population“人口,人口数 u/c” ,当其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但当其与分数、百 分数连用时,谓语动词用
12、复数形式。 What is the population of China? 中国的人口是多少? It is over 1.3 billion. 有 13 亿多。 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口比日本的人口多。 80% of the population are farmers in China. 在中国 80%的人口是农民。 Four-fifths of the population here are from the Northeast. 这儿五分之四的人口来自东北。 10. “a kind of, t
13、his kind of, many kinds of+名词”和“名词+of this kind”等以及由与 kind 意义相似的 type, sort 等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词要与 of 之前的名词在数上保持一致。 Anew kind of game is popular with young people. 一种新的游戏受到年轻人的欢迎。 This kind of question(s) is very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。 Questions of this kind are very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。 Many kinds of pe
14、ars are on sale in that shop. 各种各样的梨在那家商店出售。 11. 某些不定代词either, each, one, no one, the other, another以及由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Each of the children has an apple. 每个孩子都有一个苹果。 Someone is waiting for you at the gate. 有人在门口等你。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质。 3 练习: 1. The s
15、inger and dancer _ coming to our country. The singer and the dancer _ coming to our country. (be) 2. Many students _ interested in foreign films. Many a student _ interested in foreign films. (be) 3. More than one student _ late for school this morning. More students than one _ late for school this
16、morning. (be) 4.Aknife and fork _ on the table. Aknife and a fork _ on the table. (be) 5. This kind of cartoon _ well in the bookstore. Cartoons of this kind _ well in the bookstore. (sell) 6. Each of them _ light music and country music. They each _ light music and country music. (enjoy) 7.Ann is o
17、ne of the girls who _ failed in the driving test. Ann is the one of the girls who _ failed in the driving test. (have) 8. The shoes on the ladder _ mine. This pair of shoes on the ladder _ his. (be) 9. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ working on the project day and night to meet the dea
18、dline. 10. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. 【江苏卷】 11. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. 【安徽卷】 12. The father as well as his three children _ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afterno
19、on in winter. 【辽宁卷】 13. A survey of the opinions of experts _ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ (be) good for ones health. 【江西卷】 14.Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. 【陕西卷】 15. More than 70% of the surface of the earth _ covered with
20、 water. 16. The population of China _ the largest in the world, but 80% of the population _ farmers. 17. I, who _ your best friend, will help you. 18. War and peace _ a constant theme in history. 19. It is you, rather than he, that _ to blame for the accident. 20. Butter and bread _ their daily food
21、, but the bread and the butter _ (eat) up now. 21. So far a series of problems _ been brought about by this decision. 22.Mike, what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. (be) 二
22、、意义一致二、意义一致 (答案: 1. is/are 2. are/is 3. is/are 4. is/are 5. sells/sell 6. enjoys/enjoy 7. have/has 8. are/is 9. is 10. is 11. is 12. goes 13. shows/is 14. was 15. is 16. is/are 17. am 18. is 19. are 20. is/have been eaten 21. has 22.are/is ) 4 意义一致是指主语形式上是单数,但表达的是复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式;或主语为 复数形式,但表达的是单数意
23、义,那么谓语动词要用单数形式。其构成有以下 15 点。 1. 某些集体名词family, team, class, club, party, group, government, committee, audience, couple等作主语 时,若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若看作一个个的个体,谓语动词用复数形式。 My family is a large one. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are watching TV. 我的家人在看电视。 但 :但 : 无 生 命 的 集 体 名 词 clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furni
24、ture, machinery, scenery, jewellery, equipment 等作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数。 Much of the jewellery was missing. 大量的珠宝不见了。 If your luggage is overweight, youll have to pay extra. 假如你的行李超重了,你得付额外的费用。 2. 表总称意义的名词 people, police, cattle, crew, poultry(家禽), youth 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 People are working hard in the field. 人
25、们正在地里努力地劳动。 The police are searching the lost boy. 警察们正在寻找那个走失的男孩。 The cattle are eating grass in the field. 牛在田里吃草。 The crew are busy now. 现在全体人员都在忙碌。 但:但:people 当“民族”讲时,有单复数形式。 The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是个伟大的民族。 3. 单复数同形的名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般随意义用相应的单复数形式。 这类词有: sheep, deer, fish, means, w
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