人教版九年级Unit 6 When was it invented -Section B 3a—3b Self check-ppt课件-(含教案+素材)-市级公开课-(编号：b6975).zip

What is the Passive Voice? 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice) What is it? A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. WespeakEnglish. 主语谓语宾语 Englishisspokenbyus. 主语谓语宾语 主动语态 被动语态 当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者， 动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。 Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 Theclassroomwascleanedbyus yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。 Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态) When to use it? 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必 要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 2. 当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的 执行者。 这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。 这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s. 被动语态的用法: Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker. 1.强调动作的承受者; 如:TabletennisisplayedalloverChina. Englishisspokenbymanypeople. 2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出. 如:Anotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrossthe ChangjiangRiver. ThePartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921. The Structure is 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+P.P.) 一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done Heisregardedasabrilliant. 他被认为很有才气。 Thisbookwaswrittenin1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。 Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhen wecalledhim. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 Thepenhasbeenusedforseveral years.这支钢笔已经用了几年。 Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened. 他说这家工厂已经开张。 Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 Thebabymustbelookedafterwell. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。 被动语态的结构： 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化 规则与be作为连系动词时一样。 如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday. 在改写中应注意： 1.把原原来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 主语; ; 2.把动词变成“bebe+过去分词过去分词”; 3.主动语态中的主语主语变为介词byby的宾语宾语。 典型题例 例1将下列句子改为被动语态。 Wecleanourclassroomeveryday. Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday. 主变被解题步骤: 1.找宾语-即动作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory. Shoes 2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数. are were 3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态. 4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语. bythem. Tombrokethewindow. ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom. Tombrokethewindows. ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom. Hebrokethewindows. Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim. 一般现在时的被动语态： am/are/is+过去分词过去分词 1.Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld. 2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm. Footballallovertheworld . Wethisterm. isplayed bypeople aretaught(byMr.Green) 一般过去时的被动语态： was/were+过去分词过去分词 4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago. 5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachines tomakeshoesforchildren. TheGreatWall longlongago. Twoyearsagothosemachines shoes forchildren. wasbuilt(bypeople) wereused(byus)tomake 一般将来时的被动语态： will/begoingto+be+过去分词过去分词 6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass. 7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty. Adiary nextclass. Abirthdayparty. willbewritten(byus) isgoingtobeheldbyTom 情态动词的被动语态： must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词过去分词 8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpottery awayatonce. 9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime. Thebrokenpottery atonce. Ourhomework . mustbethrownaway(byyou) hastobefinished(byus)ontime HeHe rides rides the motorbike to his factory every the motorbike to his factory every day.day. The motorbike The motorbike is riddenis ridden to his factory every day to his factory every day . . We We call call the snowman Mr Strong.the snowman Mr Strong. The snowman The snowman is calledis called Mr Strong. Mr Strong. We usuallyWe usually hear hear himhim play play in the next in the next roomroom. . HeHe is is usually usually heardheard to to playplay in the next room. in the next room. 2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词 HeHe bought bought his friend some fruits yesterday. his friend some fruits yesterday. His friend His friend was boughtwas bought some fruits yesterday. some fruits yesterday. Some fruits Some fruits were boughtwere bought for his friend yesterday. for his friend yesterday. 4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词 He He can carrycan carry the basket easily. the basket easily. The basket The basket can becan be easilyeasily carried carried by him. by him. They They can singcan sing some beautiful songs. some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs Some beautiful songs can be sungcan be sung by them. by them. “We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought . “They “They must be putmust be put in the fridge.”The dogs in the fridge.”The dogs thought.thought. 3.They will finish the work in ten days. The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词 They They are going to haveare going to have an evening party tomorrow. an evening party tomorrow. An evening party An evening party is going to be hadis going to be had tomorrow. tomorrow. Some workers are painting the rooms now The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词 TheyThey are holdingare holding a sports meeting now.a sports meeting now. A sports meetingA sports meeting is being heldis being held (by them) now.(by them) now. We have made twenty more keys Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词 WorkersWorkers have builthave built the house since two years ago. the house since two years ago. The house The house has been builthas been built since two years ago. since two years ago. WeWe had receivedhad received many letters by the end of last week.many letters by the end of last week. Many lettersMany letters had been receivedhad been received by the end of last week.by the end of last week. They They would havewould have a party the next day.a party the next day. A partyA party would be hadwould be had (by them) the next day.(by them) the next day. 1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are used are cleaned (变被动语态）七嘴八舌 3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time. The ticket was found was told 3. We found the ticket on the floor . 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used 7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today? Were many trees planted Must be finished 9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us 10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done 12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken 14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _? is studied Is talked by them Answerrightorwrong 1.必须照看好孩子们。 Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.() Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.( ) 2.这本书是鲁迅写的。 ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.() ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.() 3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。 Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.( ) Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.( ) W R W R W R 4.这辆自行车能修吗？ Canthisbikemended?() Canthisbikebemended?() 5.街道已由他们清理了。 Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.() Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.() W R W R Theymadeshoesinthatfactory. Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory. Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory. Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory. Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory. Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory. Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory. Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory. 带复合宾语的被动语态结构 （）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home. Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home. watch let have hear see notice 一些特殊结构的被动结构一些特殊结构的被动结构: : （1）感觉动词(hear, see等)改被动语态 （2）使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态 如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接 宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动 语态时要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen toto fall off the tree. 思考2： 12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning. She in the morning. isusuallyheardtotosingEnglishsongs 14.Hemakesherhorseworkallday. Herhorseallday. 15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic. Ioutforapicnic. ismadetotowork waslettotogo 口诀： 这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中 to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see, watch) helpsb(to)VbehelpedtoV. Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom. Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom. (2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth. I saw him playing football at that moment. He was seen playing football at that moment. hear / watch /. n n 三三. . 带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时, ,直接或直接或 间接宾语都可做主语间接宾语都可做主语, ,注意间接宾语前加注意间接宾语前加 toto或或for.for. n n My mother bought me a new bike.My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought =A new bike was bought forfor me by my mother. me by my mother. n n Jack has given Tom a book.Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given =A book has been given to to Tom by Jack.Tom by Jack. =Tom has been given a book by Jack. =Tom has been given a book by Jack. 带有带有双宾语双宾语（宾语既有人又有物（宾语既有人又有物 ）的被动结构是）的被动结构是: : 1. 1. 将将间接宾语间接宾语( (人人) )变为主语，直接宾变为主语，直接宾 语语( (物物) )不变。不变。 2. 2. 将将直接宾语直接宾语( (物物) )变为主语，一般要变为主语，一般要 在间接宾语前在间接宾语前加介词加介词toto或或forfor. . Bob sent Kate a letter last year. =Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year. =A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lend to He told Jim a story. Mum made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum. make buy draw sing for I bought my brother a book. 思考思考1 1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：将下列的主动句变为被动语态： Wegavehimsomebooks. He. Somebooks. wasgivensomebooks(byus) weregiventotohim(byus) 注意:约翰打开了收音机。 John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. 奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma. 注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或 副词。 We must speak to old people politely. Old people must be spoken to politely. 动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态 take care of take care of be taken be taken care ofcare of cut down cut down be cut downbe cut down laugh at laugh at be laughed atbe laughed at look after look after be looked be looked afterafter They said that he would come back soon. It was said that he would come back soon. 类似的还有： It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that . Wereport 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,breakout,appear,last,start 等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have / fit I have a TV set. The coat fits me well. 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好。 这条围巾摸上去很软。 The fish tastes good. The scarf feels soft. 5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。 这书很好卖。 这种布很好洗。 The book sells well. This kind of cloth washes very well. 这书卖完了。The book is sold out. 这块表需要修理一下。 The watch needs mending . =The watch needs to be mended. =We need to mend the watch. 知知 识识 运运 用用 一、单项选择： 1.Onlythirty-eightideasbythe newspaper. A.chooseB.chose C.waschosenD.werechosen 2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:30this morningbyhermothertogetready forschool.（2006） A.haswokenupB.wokeup C.wakesupD.waswokenup D D D D 3.Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.It whilewewereonholiday.(2005) A.wastakencareB.tookcareof C.istakencareofD.wastakencareof 4.AttheendofthemeetingMiss Greentwominutestodecidewhether sheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004) A.gaveB.hadgiven C.wasgivenD.wasgiving D D C C 5. Mr. Johnsons story by everyonewhoheardit.(2003) A.laughedatB.waslaughed C.laughedD.waslaughedat D D 二、请把下面句子改为被动语态 1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouse it. Jackcarefullyhowto useit. 2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGames in2008. The29thOlympic Gamesin2008. wasshowed willbeheldbyBeijing 3.MissDengteachesusEnglish. . . 4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat 3:00yesterday. Theboy_at 3:00yesterday. WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDeng wasseentotoplaybasketball EnglishistaughttotousbyMissDeng 5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecome moreandmorebeautiful. Ourcountry moreand morebeautiful. shouldbemadetotobecome 练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。 1.The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）. 2.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours . 3.We took many photos. 4.They use this room for playing table tennis. 5.The bank built a park for them. A writing competition was held by the computer club. The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us. A park was built for them by the bank. This room is used for playing table tennis by them. 中考被动语态考题 1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away 3.He _ _(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题） was told 4. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市）变主动语态 _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week. 5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题） 6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考题） The vegetables _ _on the farm. T They sent up were planted are grown 一、选择正确答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found 3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach C B A B 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returned was invented were answered is called are written 5)Exercises: 选择填空: 1. Windows_ of glass. A.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house_ in 2004. A.is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can_ for keeping warm. A.be used B. is used C. been used D. used C C A 4. Watches_ Shanghai . A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produce