2022年高考英语一轮复习：说明文阅读理解 练习题（含答案解析）.doc

1、第 1 页 共 12 页 2022 年年高考英语高考英语一轮一轮复习：说明文阅读理解复习：说明文阅读理解 练习题练习题 （A） There has been a lot of such news lately. As far as the problems with todays schools are concerned, we can go back to how our culture has evolved. In general, our culture, as represented in the media, gets excited by famous stars, and s

2、tresses that its what you have, not what you are, that counts. Parents are encouraged to be away from even very small children for most of the day. Too many people vote for politicians who would rather cut school funding than stop tax cuts for the wealthy. All contribute greatly to the problems of e

3、ducating our children. Todays teachers have to deal with a culture that is vastly different from that in the past. They report that there is, among more children than ever, a lack of motivation, no drive to succeed or even try. In the media, the role models that boys see mostly consist of men in com

4、edies and other shows, who are rude and often extremely childish; self-centered overpaid athletes; men in movies, television or video games, who are violent and powerful. As Leonard Sax wrote in Boys Adrift, “ Teenage boys are looking for models of mature adulthood, but we no longer make any collect

5、ive effort to provide such models.” Girls are attacked not only with such annoying images of males, but also with women who are extremely materialistic. In such a cultural environment, it is more important than ever to have responsible parents who are devoted to their children and see to it as their

6、 duty to model for them and raise them with high standards of honesty and responsibility. They need to care enough to see that their children are not attacked with the rubbish that comes from movie, television and computer screens. In todays culture, they are basically alone in this effort since, un

7、fortunately, so much is working against them. Until we, as a culture, face the truth about ourselvesthat we are not providing adequately for a great many of our childrenthe storm will continue to rage over our education system. 1.What do the words “such news” in the beginning most probably involve?

8、A.Cultural evolution.B.Financial risk from tax cuts. C.Problems in education.D.Social influence of the media. 2.What does todays culture bring to the children? A.Narrow access to entertainment.B.Poor social abilities. C.Few materialistic models.D.Too much negative effect. 3. What do parents have to

9、do in todays culture? A.Find more models for their children. B.Keep their kids from the bad effect of the media. 第 2 页 共 12 页 C.Forbid their children to use computers. D.Encourage their children to stay at school. 4.What is the authors attitude towards todays culture? A.Indifferent.B.Ambiguous.C.Dis

10、satisfied.D.Approving. （B） The village of Hallstatt in Austria is a collection of appealing old buildings grouped at the edge of Lake Hallstatt, surrounded by the towering Dachstein Mountains. In summer, the mountains are green and the village is lovely. In winter, its like something out of a snow-c

11、overed fairy tale. Hallstatts popularity first began when it became a World Heritage Site in 1997. It increased more in 2006, when a South Korean TV program shot a show in the village. Soon, Hallstatt began to get more visitors from Asia. But the number of visitors really exploded after the release

12、of Disneys movie“Frozen” in 2013. Millions of “Frozen” movie fans think Hallstatt is the inspiration for the fictional village of Arendelle, the main village in the movie. With “Frozen 2” released, it has only made it more popular. The number of visitors who arrive here each day is hugeup to 10,000

13、visitors. Last year around 19,344 busloads of tourists arrived. Local people think its a catastrophe. With the number of visitors mentioned above a day, thats over 12 tourists for every person in Hallstatt. One man said his mother was woken up one day, to find tourists in her bedroom. The government

14、 thinks the town would be just fine with about one third fewer visitors each year. Starting this year, Hallstatt will begin a program to limit the number of buses bringing visitors here. But villagers also admit the fact that before the tourist boom, people would leave Hallstatt to find work and tha

15、t many people rely upon the tourists for their jobs now. Hallstatt may be easy on the eye, but its opposite on the wallet. Hotel rooms can cost between $350 and $450. Oh, and it costs over one dollar to use the public bathroom here. Even toilets can be good businessas long as they arent frozen. 1.Wh

16、at plays the most important role in making Hallstatt world-famous? A.Its lovely weather.B.The hit movie. C.Its beautiful architecture.D.The South Korean TV program. 2.How many local people are there in Hallstatt? A.About 800.B.About 7,000.C.About 12,000 .D.About 18,000. 3.How do the villagers respon

17、d to the tourism? A.They depend on it completely. B.They hope it stays away. C.They find it environment-friendly. D.They are in a dilemma about it. 4.What does the author really want to indicate about Hallstatt in the last paragraph? A.It is easy for tourists to get there. 第 3 页 共 12 页 B.Tourists ca

18、n make business there. C.Be ready to pay before going there. D.It is freezing cold sometimes there. （C） This spring, you may be fortunate enough to have good weather, a small piece of earth and the energy, enthusiasm and inspiration to plant a garden. There is nothing better to shake off the boredom

19、 and dullness of winter than to dig in the earth, plant some seeds and watch them grow. A small garden can produce something extra fresh for dinner, flowers for the table and a feeling of accomplishment. It is work, but it is ever so rewarding. What about your life garden? Just as a beautiful garden

20、 is a work in progress, so is the garden in your mind. It takes conscious effort, planning, constant nurturing(培育) and weeding to grow a garden. What have you planted? What have you allowed to take root? Is your life the out-picturing of a well laid out garden or a jumble of plants, trees and weeds

21、whose seeds were blown your way and took root? We have all heard phrases like “sowing seeds of doubt” , or“seeds of discontent” . We can make a conscious choice whether to allow them to take root in our lives or cast them out of our garden. Negative energy and words, like weeds, will spread quickly

22、if left unchecked. Find a good “weed killer”a book, an inspirational story, a positive statementto help you get rid of the thoughts that ruin the beauty of your garden. Plant as many seeds of joy and beauty as you can in your own life and in the lives of the people with whom you live and work every

23、day. Grow a gratitude garden, a peace garden and a dream garden. Tend to them daily. If you give them time and energy, you will have a rich harvest of success, happiness and peace of mind. 1.Why does the author tell us the benefits of growing a garden? A.To ask us to love gardening. B.To show his lo

24、ve of gardening. C.To lead readers to the topic of the text. D.To show what a life garden is like. 2.In what way is our life garden similar to a beautiful garden? A.It is in change all the time. B.It can make us happy and grateful in life. C.It needs our conscious effort and constant care. D.It is f

25、ull of both positive energy and negative energy. 3.Why does the author compare negative energy and words to weeds? A.They are a natural part of life. B.They are difficult to remove. C.They are often left unchecked. 第 4 页 共 12 页 D.They need to be removed before they spread. 4.Which of the following c

26、an be regarded as a weed killer? A.Reading a dull book. B.Relieving our discontent. C.Having positive self-talks. D.Pulling weeds in the garden. （D） The London Interdisciplinary School (LIS), scheduled to open in 2021 with a target of admitting 100 students, will abandon traditional academic subject

27、s and offer a three-year bachelor of arts and sciences degree designed to deal with real-world issues. The curriculum is built around interdisciplinary problemsknife crime, childhood obesity, plastic pollution, among othersas well as quantitative and qualitative research skills. Employers like the M

28、et Police and Virgin will provide project ideas and offer five-week work experience for students. “Were going to try and create a really transformational educational experience where all the people in the institution are waking up every morning and saying, How can we take these brilliant young peopl

29、e and give them an amazing learning experience? ”says Ed Fidoe, a co-founder of the LIS. The idea is similar to a U.S. liberal arts (人文科学) degree but also more specifically focused on multiple subjectseconomics, psychology, sociology, statistics, etc.to solve complex problems like childhood obesity.

30、 In other words, the problem, not the subject, sits at the center of the curriculum. The skills students develop, the founders hope, will more closely come into agreement with what an Al-infused, automated world demands:collaboration (协作) between people and machines, critical thinking, speaking and

31、writing skills, and data management, to name just a few things. The challenges of building a new university from scratch are daunting (令人生畏的): students have to sign up for, and pay for, something untested; all the teachers will have to teach in a totally new and different way; and theres a risk that

32、 an interdisciplinary curriculum will be interesting but thin. Fidoe says its a tall order. “Are any 17-year-olds going to be crazy enough to come to something that doesnt exist yet against something thats been around for 150 years?” he says. In the U.K., students apply through an admissions service

33、 center, and exam results are more important than anything else. On the contrary, at the LIS, students will instead apply directly during a pre-determined “selection day” where everyone is invited to participate. This day will include a face-to-face interview so that the college can better understan

34、d a students background, motivations and passions. 1.What is the aim of the LIS? A.To provide more and more project ideas for students. 第 5 页 共 12 页 B.To take a real-world approach to higher education. C.To help employers to develop the students skills. D.To conduct qualitative and quantitative rese

35、arch. 2.Whats special about the curriculum the LIS sets up? A.It is subject-centered. B.It is based onAI technology. C.It centers around social concerns. D.It covers every aspect of society. 3.What does the underlined sentence “its a tall order” in Para. 3 mean? A.Its interesting to teach in a new a

36、pproach. B.Its bound to put the curriculum in order. C.Its exciting to take on new challenges. D.Its hard to build the new university. 4.What can we learn about the LIS from the last paragraph? A.It pays more attention to exam results. B.It focuses more on the face-to-face interview. C.It emphasizes

37、 students personal experiences and qualities. D.It stresses the importance of its pre-determined “selection day”. （E） Telling someone they are not hired is never an easy job, but all hiring managers will face this difficult situation many times in their careers. While everyone fears denial on some l

38、evel, it is important to understand that not everyone will fit in every job. Further, there are times when the applicant quality will be so great, a decision to reject an applicant may not reflect on that applicants abilities but the overall quality of the field. There are a number of methods that c

39、an be used to get the message across that a person is not hired. In many cases, especially for those who were never called for an interview, a simple form letter may be sufficient. In other cases, where someone may have been called for an interview, a phone call or letter could be chosen to deliver

40、the message that they were not hired. In case where there may be an ongoing relationship with the person not hired, it may be best to break the news in person, though this has the obvious potential of being more uncomfortable. Above all, it is best to always be honest with those who didnt get the jo

41、b. Lying is never acceptable. Generally, it is not a good idea to tell someone specific reasons why they are not hired for a job. This can only lead to resentment(怨恨)and regret. However, there may be specific times when this could be a good idea. For example, if an applicant is promising and the hir

42、ing manager believes another position that suits the applicants skills will be opening up, this could be a way to let that person know he may soon have another opportunity. In all cases, even if you feel someone has cheated to obtain an interview, never behave in a 第 6 页 共 12 页 way which shows you a

43、re superior to them. This is unprofessional and reflects very poorly not only on the hiring manager, but the organization as a whole. 1.Why are some applicants refused according to Paragraph 1? A.They are interested in other fields. B.They dont qualify for the position. C.They are afraid of making d

44、ecisions. D.They lack the courage to face failures. 2.How may a not-interviewed applicant be informed of the rejection? A.By receiving a formal phone call. B.By getting a simple form letter. C.By checking a message online. D.By attending a personal meeting. 3.In what case will applicants be told exa

45、ctly why they are not hired? A.They regret applying for the job. B.They demand specific explanations. C.They may be capable of another post. D.They have submitted false information. 4.What can be inferred about the position of hiring managers? A.It calls for professional skills. B.It attracts the ap

46、plicants most. C.It doesnt allow of any mistake. D.It requires honesty and ambition. （F） They say that pictures are worth a thousand words, but the briefest look at books and the movies based on them would have anyone questioning this common saying. All too often, great words end up being turned int

47、o cinematic “turkeys”. Good movies need good stories. If so, why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling, Homers The Odyssey, never had an equally great movie based on it? Movies need strong characters. So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as

48、 “great”? Movies of course need impressive images, so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”? One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. This means that great books ca

49、n lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen. This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies cant escape from, with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favorite characters in the movie versions. Movies also disappoint us when things d

50、ont look the way we imagined them in the books. 第 7 页 共 12 页 Take, for example, the epic movie Troy, which is in part based on Homers The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audiences. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she did