Book 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero-高考英语一轮复习3500词考纲词汇练（含答案）.docx

1、v 1 2021 届高考英语一轮复习届高考英语一轮复习 3500 词考纲词汇练词考纲词汇练 Book 1 (Unit 5) 根据汉义补全句子，每题 1 分 1.The government made strenuous efforts to upgrade the _(质量) of the teaching profession. 2.I needed to change my lifestyle and become more _(活跃的). 3.They lived well and were _(大方的) with their money. 4.Im paid a _(大方的) sala

2、ry, and Ive also made made in my spare time. 5.Some people are very _(自私的), and they are proud instead of ashamed of it. 6.He was _(无私的) and always sacrificed his own interests for the sake of others. 7.Enthusiasts refer to persons who _(奉献) boundless energy to their hobby. 8.An enormous amount of m

3、y time was _(奉献) to the messy situation. 9.No matter when the _(侵略者)i come, they will be wiped out clean. 10. The _(侵略者) laid towns and villages in ruins. 11. This _(原则) has no application to the present case. 12. Abicycle and a motorcycle are built on the same _(原理). 13. I like playing in the band,

4、 but I dont do it just for fun; its my _(生计). 14. The thief _(跳跃) the wall and ran away. 15. When his father died, his uncle became his _(合法的) custodian. 16. In his _(青年时代), he had shown great promise. 17. She stood alone on the enormous _(舞台). 18. I was in the early_(时期) of pregnancy. 19. I suggest

5、ed putting the matter to a _(投票), but the chairman opposed it. v 2 20. He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to _(投票). 21. The organization required _(平等的) treatment for men and women in social security schemes. 22. The prisoner was questioned before his _(释放). 23. o my surprise, he could _

6、(逃脱) from that big fire. 24. The thief jumped into a car and made his _(逃脱). 25. It is not easy to _(教育) teenagers. 26. The _(受过教育的) middle class led the move towards independence. 27. Now that we have entered the cities and come to _(权利),should we act as bureaucrats or work as servants of the peopl

7、e? 28. The police are launching a major _(攻击) on drug dealers. 29. The enemy _(进攻) us at night. 30. The government were urged to take strong measures against the criminals of _(暴力). 31. Money serves as a _(报酬) for services provided. 32. The king was famous for his _(残暴). 33. He has been _(判决) to pay

8、 a fine of 1000 pounds. 【答案】 1.quality2.active3.generous4.generous5.selfish6.selfless7.devote8.devoted9.invaders 10.invaders11.principle12.principle13.livelihood14.leaped15.legal16.youth17.stage18.stage 19.vote20.vote21.equal22.release23.escape24.escape25.educated26.educated27.power 28.attack29.atta

9、cked30.violence31.reward32.cruelty33.sentenced 根据首字母、词性、及英语解释写出正确的单词或短语 1. w_ adj. (of a person or their actions) sympathetic and kind. 2. a_ adj. (of a person) ready to engage in a physically energetic way . v 3 3. s_ adj. lacking consideration for others 4. s_ adj. concerned more with the needs an

10、d wishes of others than with ones own 5. d_ v. give all or a large part of ones time or resources to 6. _ _ _ phr. a state of being jobless 7. a_ v. take aggressive action against sb with weapons or armed force 8. v_ n. behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill 9. e_ adj. b

11、eing the same in quantity, size, degree, or value. 10. r_ n. a thing given in recognition of ones service, effort, or achievement. 11. e_ v. break free from confinement or control. 12. e_ v. give intellectual, moral, and social instruction to someone, especially a child, typically at a school or uni

12、versity. 13. o_ n. a view or judgment formed about something 14. r_ v. allow (information) to be generally available. 15. b_ v. ask someone humbly for something. 【答案】 1.warm-hearted2.active3.selfish4.selfless5.devote6.out of work7.attack8.violence9.equal 10.reward11.escape12.educate13.opinion14.rele

13、ase15.beg 用所给单词的适当形式补全句子，每题 1 分 1.In order to promote _(fair) in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas. 【解析】为了促进教育公平，中国投入 360 亿元改善农村地区的教育设施。fairness，名词，公平 2.He contributed _(generous) to the Hope Project. 【解析】他慷慨地向希望工程捐款。generously，副词，慷慨地 3.Du

14、e to a knee _(injure) she was forced to withdraw from the race. v 4 【解析】由于膝盖受伤,她不得不退出比赛。膝盖受伤，此处为名词，injury，受伤 4.In most cases, _(self) people will suffer in the end. 【解析】大凡自私的人，最终往往要吃亏。selfish，形容词，自私的 5.He was _(self) and always sacrificed his own interests for the sake of others. 【解析】他大公无私，处处舍己为人。se

15、lfless，形容词，无私的 6.I should take this honor and opportunity to serve people _(selfless) . 【解析】我应该把握这个荣幸的机会，无私地为人们服务。副词修饰动词，selflessly，无私地 7.Much of his life was devoted to _(promote) his own career. 【解析】他一生中的大多数时间都用来提升自己的职业生涯。devote.to.奉献.给.，此处 to 为介词，候命 为动名词作主语，promoting 8.The equipment was _(origina

16、l) powered by steam 【解析】那设备最初是由蒸汽来驱动的。originally，副词，起初，一开始 9.The committee voted 5-1 _(adopt) the proposal. 【解析】委员会以 5 对 1 投票通过该项提议。投票做某事，vote to do sth，动词不定式作宾语 to adopt 10. He submitted _(willing) to his mother. 【解析】他不情愿地屈服于他母亲。副词 unwillingly，不情愿地 11. They would not publish the book unless the aut

17、hor was willing _(make) cuts. 【解析】如果作者不愿意删减,他们是不会出版这部书的。be willing to do sht，愿意做某事，to make 12. The remaining seven _(sentence) to terms of imprisonment. 【解析】剩余七人被判监禁。一般过去式的被动，sentence 常用被动，被判处.were sentenced 13. The protest, which the government had declared _(legal), was nonetheless attended by som

18、e 6,000. 【解析】那次抗议虽然被政府宣布为非法,但是仍有大约 6,000 人参加。declare 后可接由 to be/as 加名词、 形容词、副词或介词短语充当补足语的复合宾语。to be/as 可以省略。此处为形容词，illegal 14. If they see someone _(escape), they dont ask, they just shoot them. 【解析】如果他们看到有人逃跑，不会做任何盘问，开枪就射。see sb doing sth，escaping 15. The search was delayed, _(allow) the murderers

19、to escape the net. 【解析】搜索被延迟了,让杀人犯得以逃脱罗网。动词的现在分词表结果，allowing 16. Almost anything interesting and _(reward) in life requires some constructive and consistent effort. 【解析】生活中几乎一切有趣的，值得付出的事都需要一定的建设性的,一贯的努力。 v 5 17. The results, _(release) in November in a report by an environmental group, were rather w

20、orrying. 【解析】这些结果，发表在 11 月一个环保组织的报告中，非常令人担心。动词的过去分词作后置定语，和 前面的名词构成被动关系，released 18. It looks as if they treat the animals rather _(cruel). 【解析】看起来他们对待这些动物很残忍。副词修饰动词，cruelly，残忍地 19. He had been a keen sportsman in his _(young). 【解析】他在青少年时代是个热衷的运动员。youth，名词，青年时代 20. Hes a good person _(turn) to for he

21、lp if youre ever in a tough situation. 【解析】他是你在困难时可以去求助的好人。动词不定式做后置定语，to turn Reading comprehension Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. As an Alaskan fisherman, Timothy June,54, used to think tha

22、t he was safe from industrial pollutants(污染物) at his home in Hainesa town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles,with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early 2007, June agreed to take part in a 1._ of 35Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in w

23、hich peoples blood and urine (尿) were tested for 2._of chemicalsin this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household 3._ like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The results4._ in November in a report called “Is It in Us?” by an environmental groupwere rath

24、er worrying. Every one of the participants, 5._ from an Illinois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all three classes of pollutants.And while the 6._ presence of these chemicals does not 7._ indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at

25、all 8._ June and his fellow participants. Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that dont 9._ there.Alarge, ongoing study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages. And in 2005, the Environmental Working Group found an 10._ of 2

26、00 chemicals in the blood of 10 new-borns. “Our babies are being born pre-polluted,” says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which cosponsored “Is It in Us?This is going to A.averageB.surveyC.necessarilyD.rangingE.belongF.survival G.shockedH.tracesI.simpleJ.productsK.released v 6 be the next big environm

27、ental issue after climate change.” 【答案】 BHJKDICGEA 【解析】本文讲述了工业污染已经进入了人们曾经认为安全的地方，那么人类可能完全不受工业污染的危 害吗？五十四岁的阿拉斯加渔民蒂莫西朱恩曾经以为他住在家乡海恩斯就可以免受工业污染的危害。但是 在 2007 年初，他参加了一项针对美国 7 个州 35 人的生物监测的项目，检测人体内的微量化学物质，在日 常家居用品中发现了三类具有潜在危险的化学物。调查结果非常令人担忧，11 月，一个环保组织将该结果 发表在一份名为“是否存在于我们体内?”的报告中，每个参与调查的人，从参议员到部长在上述三类污染物 的检

28、测中结果都呈阳性。尽管人体内存在这些化学物质并不一定表明有健康隐患，但参与者深感震惊，显 然我们体内有一些本不属于我们自身的化学物质。美国疾病控制与预防中心在一项大型研究中，在各年龄 段的美国人体内共发现了 148 种化学物质，2005 年，环保组织在 10 个新生儿的血液中发现平均有 200 种化 学物质。 1. B.survey，参加了一项调查，take part in a survey 2. H.traces，这个项目是检测参与者血液和尿液中的微量化学物质，traces，名词，微量，少量 3. J.products，常见的家用产品，common household products 4.

29、 K.released，4._ in November in a report，发表在 11 月的一个报告，动词的过去分词表示被动 5. D.ranging，参加者的范围从伊利诺伊州的参议员到麻塞诸塞州的部长，来说明调查的全面性，覆盖整个 美国，range from.to. 6. I.simple，这些化学物质的单纯存在不一定指向健康风险，simple，简单的，单纯的 7. C.necessarily， presence of these chemicals does not 7._ indicate a health risk,这些化学物质的存在不是 必然指向健康风险，necessarily，必然地，必定 8. G.shocked，结果令参与者们很震惊，shock，动词，使某人震惊，这里是谓语动词 9. E.belong，助动词 dont 后面需要一个动词原形，选项中只有 belong 符合，不属于那里 10. A.average，an 10._ of 200 chemicals，前面的冠词 an 说明后面一定是一个以元音开头的单词，符 选项中只有 average 符合，平均 200 种化学物质