（2021新外研版）高中英语必修第三册Unit 3　The world of science ppt课件（含讲义).zip

Unit 3The world of science 导读：演唱者约翰丹佛(John Denver)曾获 21 次金唱片奖和 4 次白金唱片奖。 乡村路，带我回家是其成名作，曲调深情、悠扬，长短句搭配错落有致、 自然和谐。歌词中所呈现的故乡，那纯朴、熟悉的种种意向，与歌者通过重复 部分所表现的游子归心似箭之情完美地结合在一起。整首歌唱起来一气呵成， 思乡之情表现得淋漓尽致。 Take Me Home，Country Road Almost heaven West Virginia Blue Ridge Mountains Shenandoah River Life is old there Older than the trees Younger than the mountains Growing like a breeze Country roads，take me home To the place I belong West Virginia Mountain Momma Take me home，country roads All my memories Gather round her Miners Lady Stranger to blue water Dark and dusty Painted on the sky Misty taste of moonshine Teardrops in my eyes Country roads，take me home To the place I belong. 乡村路，带我回家 天堂般的 西弗吉尼亚 蓝岭山脉 山纳多河流 那儿生灵悠远 比树木古老 比大山年轻 如微风般生生不息 乡村路，带我回家吧 回到我属于的地方 西弗吉尼亚 大山妈妈 乡村路，带我回家 我所有的思念 都萦绕着她 矿工的妻子 从未见过大海 黑灰与尘土 笼罩在空中 月色朦胧 我的双眼饱含泪水 乡村路，带我回家吧 回到我属于的地方 素 养 导 航 Part Starting out besides/in_addition，it does not pollute the air. 短语记牢 in addition to 除之外，还(as well asbesides) except(but) 除外(其余都) apart from(except/besides) 除之外 名师提醒 in addition to 意为“加在上” ，其中 to 是介词，因此用 in addition to doing sth，而不是 in addition to do sth。 3in terms of 就而言；在方面 In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.(教材 P27)就环境而言，现在有可能建造一个智能步行屋。 单句语法填空/补全句子 Youd better get someone who is on good terms with him to try and persuade him. It was hard to come to terms with her death after all the support she gave to me and the family. In_terms_of_green_development (就绿色发展而言)，the BeijingTianjinHebei region saw its average PM2.5 density down nearly 40 percent. I have had good results in_the_short_term (就短期而言)，but I have to improve in_the_long_term (就长期而言) 短语记牢 in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言 be on good/bad terms with sb 与某人关系好/不好 come to terms with. 妥协；达成协议 on ones terms 依照某人的条件 4no doubt 毫无疑问 This was no doubt the reason behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times，which much later developed into the car.(教材 P27) 这无疑是古代发明车轮的原因，车轮后来发展成为汽车。 选用右栏短语填空 No_matter what you may say，he will not believe you. Do you think youll buy that one? No_way! Thats the ugliest picture Ive ever seen! It is no_wonder you can not sleep when you eat so much. There is no_doubt that the man is telling a lie. 短语记牢 no way没门 no problem 没问题 no wonder 难怪 no matter 无论；不要紧 5lead to 引起；导致 Now，reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances in the technology of new energy vehicles.(教材 P27) 目前，能源供应的减少和环境污染已导致新能源汽车技术的进一步发展。 单句语法填空/补全句子 It was reported that the discovery of new evidence had led to the thief being_caught (catch) The students were_led_into the museum，most of whom had a notebook in their hands.学生们被带进博物馆，大多数人手里都拿着一个笔记本。 They lead_a_busy_and_colourful_life on the campus. 他们在校园里过着忙碌而又丰富多彩的生活。 Eating too much sugar can lead_to_health_problems 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。 短语记牢 (1)lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事 lead sb to/ into. 领着某人去/进入 lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活 (2)in the lead 带头，处于领先地位 take the lead 带头 1There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.(教材 P26) 历史上曾经有过发明创造的黄金时代。 【分析】 本句中 There have been 为 there be 结构的现在完成式，该句型表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续 性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since时间点/从句，for two months，so far 等。 【拓展】 there be 结构的用法： (1)There be 结构可以有一般现在时(There is/are.)、一般过去时(There was/were.)、 将来时(There will be.或 There is/are going to be.)和完成时(There has/have been. 或 There had been.)。 (2)there be 结构可和各种情态动词连用，情态动词后加动词原形。 (3)there be 结构中的谓语动词还可以是“seem to(似乎)/happen to(碰巧)/used to(过去常常)/be likely to(很可能)动词原形” 。 There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 There was an accident last night.昨晚发生了一个事故。 There will be a good wheat harvest this year.今年小麦将有一个好收成。 There have been many changes in the village recently. 最近这个村庄发生了许多变化。 There had been a fight here before he came back. 在他回来之前这儿有过一场搏斗。 What a pity my new computer doesnt work.There must be something wrong with it.很遗憾我的计算机不能用了。肯定是坏了。 There used to be a cinema here before the war.这里战前曾有一座电影院。 单句语法填空/补全句子 It seems as if there will_be (be) a heavy rain soon tonight. He wanted to know whether there had_been (be) any messages for him. There have_been great advances in medicine in the last ten years. There may_be a bird on the branch. 树枝上也许有一只鸟。 There seems_to_be something wrong with it. 它好像有点毛病。 There happened_to_be a car nearby. 碰巧附近有一辆车。 There is_likely_to_be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。 2So what is it that inspires us to invent things？(教材 P27)那么，是什么激励我 们去发明东西呢？ 【分析】 本句是一个强调句型。此处被强调部分是 what。 【拓展】 强调句型的用法： (1)强调句型的陈述句形式为“Itis/was被强调部分that/who其他” 。一般 疑问句形式为 Is/Was it.that/who.？特殊疑问句形式为特殊疑问词is/was that/who.？not.until 句型的强调句型为 It is/was not until.that.。 (2)该句型不用来强调句子的谓语和定语。若被强调的是人，that 可以替换为 who。 Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 巴赫死于 1750 年，但直到 19 世纪初他的音乐才能才得到完全认可。 It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。 同义句转换 I met John in the street yesterday. It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday.(强调主语) It was John that/who I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语) It was in the street that I met John yesterday.(强调地点状语) It was I that/who met John in the street yesterday. Who was it_that met John in the street yesterday? (特殊疑问句) He didnt realize his mistakes until yesterday. It was not_until yesterday that he realized his mistakes.(强调句型) 3.But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create，and thats the real spirit of invention.(教材 P27)但重要的是，我们有一种难 以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这才是真正的发明精神。 【分析】 本句中的 what remains important 是 what 引导的名词性从句， 作主 语，what 在主语从句中作主语。 【拓展】 what 引导名词性从句的用法： (1)what 除了引导主语从句，还可以引导宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 (2)what 引导名词性从句在句中作成分时，what 既有一定的含义，又起连接作用， 在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。 A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.(宾语从句)一些学生犹豫不决，他们在等待看其他学生要做什么。 What you will do next is none of my business.(主语从句) 你下一步做什么不关我的事。 She is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句)她不再是过去的她了。 I have no idea what hes going to do with it.(同位语从句) 我想不出来他会用它来做什么。 【名师提醒】that 在引导名词性从句时，不可省略(宾语从句除外)，不作成分， 没有词义；which 引导名词性从句时意为“哪一个/哪一些” ，通常有一个选择的 范围。 单句语法填空 What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. I make a list of what we need to buy in the supermarket. Which of you climbs to the top of the hill first will receive a prize. Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. The problem lies in that you havent taken any measures yet. 4But，as they say， “Never say never！”(教材 P27)但是，正如他们所说， “永 远不要说永远！” 【分析】 本句中 as they say 为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句。as 在从句中作动 词 say 的宾语。 【拓展】 as 引导定语从句的用法： (1)as 既可指人，也可指物， 在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 (2)as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句，从句可以位于句首、句 中和句末；而 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以 是主句的一部分，从句只能位于先行词之后。 (3)as 引导非限制性定语从句时常被译为“正如” ， 多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发 生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。而 which 常被译为“这一点，那” ，并且 主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。 As we know，smoking is harmful to peoples health. 众所周知， 吸烟对人的健康有害。 She is always working hard，as everyone can see. 正如大家所看到的那样， 她一直工作很努力。 The book，which I bought yesterday，is very instructive. 这本书是我昨天买的， 很有教育意义。 单句语法填空/补全句子 Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher very angry. The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. As_can_be_seen_from_his_face，he is quite pleased. 从他的面目表情可以看出来， 他非常高兴。 As_is_known_to_all，oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth. 众所周知，地球表面 70%以上由海洋覆盖。 .单句语法填空 1Designers work carefully，producing the worlds most wearable (wear) clothes in the most beautiful cloth. 2Without more training or advanced (advance) technical skills，theyll lose their jobs. 3Before she could name that person she was_shot (shoot) dead. 4Born in America，Thomas Edison was a great inventor (invent) and scientist. 5Her dancing made an impressive (impress) performance on the audience present. 6The coin is_pressed (press) with the name of the country，the date and its value. .选词填空 be used to，think of，no doubt，thanks to，in terms of，be capable of，lead to，whats more，at the moment，start with 1You will no_doubt succeed in your scientific research after great effort. 2Many people believe technological changes will lead_to unemployment. 3Long pieces of bamboo are_used_to make furniture and baskets. 4Life is hard at_the_moment，but were surviving on the savings. 5Thanks_to your help，we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 6To work out a plan，one has to start_with careful research. 7In_terms_of size and population，how big is EU compared with China? 8Im thinking_of renting out my house while Im away. 9Natural gas is a very efficient fuel.Whats_more，it is clean. 10The larger firm is_capable_of providing a better range of services. .补全句子 1The books on the desk，whose_covers_are_shiny，are prizes for us. 桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。 2Earlier reports suggests that a_meeting_will_take_place on Sunday. 早先的报道暗示周日可能会召开会议。 3There_have_been a number of explanations so far，but none of them is reliable. 迄今为止已经提出了好几种解释，但没有一种是可靠的。 4What_is_it_that you have always believed? 你一直坚守的信念到底是什么呢？ 5What_we_need is a longterm solution，not a shortterm one. 我们所需要的是一个长期的解决办法，而不是一个短期的解决办法。 6As_is_often_the_case with him，he was late for class. 对他来说是常有的事，他上课迟到了。 .阅读理解 A Early in the autumn of 1674，Henry Oldenburg，secretary of the Royal Society in London，received an extraordinary letter.Sent by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek，a draper (布料商) from Delft in the Netherlands，it contained an unlikelysounding claim. Using a microscope of his own invention，van Leeuwenhoek had seen tiny creatures，invisible to the naked eye，living in lake water.Some of these“animalcules (微生物)” were so small，and he later estimated that 30 million of them would still be smaller than a grain of sand. Royal Society fellows couldnt believe it.Even with his most powerful instruments，the celebrated English microscopist Robert Hooke had never observed anything like the little creatures. In fact，the Dutchman had developed far superior lenses to Hookes，and had discovered bacteria and protozoans (原生动物)By producing even smaller and more curved lensesusing a technique that he kept secretvan Leeuwenhoek was able to magnify objects up to 500 times.As well as discovering microorganisms，he was the first to see red blood cells. In 1677，van Leeuwenhoek sent the Society further animalcule observations.Hooke eventually improved his own microscopes to the point where he，too，could see the tiny creatures.Three years later van Leeuwenhoek was made a fellow. It was not until 1890，more than 160 years after van Leeuwenhoeks death，that bacteria were linked with diseases.“Reading van Leeuwenhoeks letters，you very much get the impression of somebody dazzled (眩晕的) by what he was finding， ” says Lesley Robertson，leader of the archives at Delft Universitys school of microbiology.“He thought hed found a whole new worldbut he certainly never picked up on the connection with illness.” 【语篇解读】全文讲述了布料商出身的 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 发明了自己 的显微镜。他的发明使得发现更小、更清晰的事物成为可能，这为把细菌与疾病 联系起来奠定了基础。 1What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek see with his own microscope? AA letter. BBacteria and protozoans. CSmall animals in the water. DThe element of water. 答案B细节理解题。根据第四段“in fact，the Dutchman had developed.bacteria and protozoans.”可知，荷兰人已经通过改良的镜片发现了细 菌和原生动物，Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 通过自己的显微镜看到的 tiny creatures 就是细菌和原生动物。 2From the passage we can see _ Avan Leeuwenhoek knew the tiny creatures in the water had something to do with illness Bvan Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover bacteria Cvan Leeuwenhoek was the first to use the microscope Dvan Leeuwenhoek was the first to know how to observe bacteria and protozoans 答案C推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管荷兰人也看到细菌和原生动物，但 是他们使用的是改进后的镜片，而不是显微镜，因此 C 正确。A 有一定的干扰性， 联系文章最后一句可知，他并没有把观察到的细菌和原生物与疾病联系到一起。 3What does the underlined word“magnify” in the fourth paragraph mean? ATo clear away.BTo improve. CTo collect.DTo make large. 答案D词义猜测题。联系全文他改进自己的显微镜以及后文的“up to 500 times”可知，他的显微镜能把物体放大 500 倍，因此得出答案。 4From the last paragraph we can see，when Antoni van Leeuwenhoek saw the tiny creatures，invisible to the naked eye，living in lake water，_ Ahe was overexcited Bhe knew he followed someone elses discovery Che was a bit disappointed Dhis discovery was to lead a connection between bacteria and illness 答案A推理判断题。联系最后一段的“Reading van Leeuwenhoeks letters，you very much get the impression of somebody dazzled by what he was finding， ”可知，当时他对自己的发明是极度兴奋的。 B An app that does nothing but send a simple notification (通知) of “Yo” to recipients (接收者) is the most popular app right now in the US. The app，named Yo，reached No.1 in the Apple App Store in the US last week，after The Financial Times broke the story on June 18 that the app has received $1 million (6.23 million yuan) in investment funding. Created in just eight hours by Or Arbel，a 32yearold app developer from Tel Aviv，Israel，Yo claims to be the “simplest and most efficient communication tool in the world”With a single tap，users can send the word “Yo” to one another in a voice notificationand nothing else. Yo was launched on April Fools Day this year but many people still see the app as a joke now，including some technology experts，like Polly Mosendz from The Wire and Judd Legum from Think Progress. David Shapiro，from The New Yorker，says now when he thinks about someone，he just“Yos” them instead of spending time starting and carrying on a conversation.He says its a great way of saying：“Im thinking about you but I dont have anything in particular to say.” Social media constantly demands our time and attention.Not replying to text messages and emails can hurt relationships.But，Shapiro says，a “Yo” doesnt seem to demand a reply.“What a relief”，he says. Andrew Leonard，from The Salon，says“Yo” also “expresses our most essential humanity”He says that the word “Yo” is “a declaration(宣言)，first，that I exist in this world，and second，that I seek connection and community with something outside myself.” Its like saying：“Yo.I am here.Is anybody out there？” 【语篇解读】最近，一款只能向他人发送一个词“Yo”的手机应用风靡美国，这 款看似“简单粗暴”的 APP，似乎说出了信息时代所有人的心声！ 5Who invented the app named Yo? AOr Arbel.BPolly Mosendz. CJudd Legum.DDavid Shapiro. 答案A细节理解题。根据第三段“Created in just eight hours by Or Arbel，a 32yearold app developer from Tel Aviv，Israel”可知，是 Or Arbel 发明的这款 名为“Yo”的应用。 6According to Paragraph 5，we can conclude David Shapiro _ Adoesnt like using Yo Bthinks Yo can save time Cthinks its polite not to reply to text messages Ddislikes using latest equipment 答案B推理判断题。根据第五段“he just “Yos” them instead of spending time starting and carrying on a conversation”以及下文的内容可知，David Shapiro 认为 Yo 会节省时间。 7What Andrew Leonard says means Yo _ Ais the simplest communication tool Bwill be popular Ccan express something deeper Dwill be sold all over the world 答案C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Andrew Leonard 认为 Yo 表 达了一些更深层次的东西。由此可知选 C。 8From the passage，we can infer _ AYo is far from satisfactory BYo has many functions CYo received little investment Dits easy to operate Yo 答案D推理判断题。根据第三段“simplest 以及 With a single tap，users can send the word“