（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇讲解+配套习题.docx

1、1. intend intention n. 意图；目的；企图intend vt. 打算；意欲intended adj. 有意的 intention n. U,C意图;目的;企图 Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans.尽管他研 究克隆技术,但他的目的从来都不是制造人类的复制品。 have no intention to do sth./of doing sth. 无意 做某事 with the intention of 抱有目的；打算 without int

2、ention 无意中；不是故意地 by intention 故意地 intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 be intended for 专为设计 had intended to do sth./intended to have done 本打算做某事 自测默写 【温馨贴士】 intend，hope，expect，mean，plan，suppose，want 等表示“打算”，“希望”，“预料”；“计 划”，“想”的动词，它们的“过去完成时动词不定式” “一般过去时完成时不定式”，意 为“原本打算/ 希望/想”。 【即时训练】 . 语境串词 (1)I never _ thi

3、ngs to turn out the way they did and I had left with the _ of finding a better job for her.(intend) . 语法填空 (2)Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasnt intendedhim. (3)I intended(join) in a Dragon Boat Training Camp. (4)The law(intend)to protect young and impressionable viewers. (5)Peter _(

4、intend)to take a job in business, but gave up.(同义句转换) (6)Peter intendeda job in business, but gave up. 【参考答案】 (1)intended intenyion (2)for(3)to join/joining(4)is intended(5)had intended(6)to have taken 2. refer to refer v. 提及；参照reference n. 提及；参考文献 refer to 涉及；谈及；查阅，参考 1. refer to 谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考

5、 【原文再现】 I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN这个名称更常用。 （1）refer to.as 把称为 refer sth./sb. to sth./sb. 将送交给(以求获 得帮助等)(征询意见) (2) reference n. 提及；查阅，参考；推荐信； 介绍人 in/with reference to(所述内容)关于 自测默

6、写 【温馨贴士】 “查词典”的表达方式还有：refer to a dictionary; look sth.up in the dictionary。 【即时训练】 语法填空 (1) I am writing to you _ reference to the job opening in your department. (2) When you need to remember a phone number, a shopping list or a set of instructions, you rely on what psychologists and neuroscientist

7、s refer to _ working memory. (3) Ask your teacher to act as one of your _(refer) if you want to join the club. (4) My complaint was _(refer) to the manufacturers. (5) In his speech, the Canadian version of Thanksgiving he referred to _(prove) to us that it is often seen as a time to simply relax and

8、 eat good food. 【参考答案】(1)in/with(2)as(3)references(4)referred(5)proved 2. speed speed up 加速;加快 speed up 加速;加快 Newsflash: A new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian and this has speeded up travel between the two cities. 新闻快讯:在北京和大连之间刚刚开通了一项新的列车服务,这加速了两个城市之间的旅 行。 自测默写 at high/low/full/to

9、p speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of 以速度 pick up speed/gather speed 加速 slow down 减速 with all speed 尽快地 at/with lightning speed 以闪电般的速度 【即时训练】 完成句子 （1）（2020年全国卷I）他们将加快能源生产。 They willenergy production. （2）（2016年浙江卷）突然停下可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行进时。 Asudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially

10、 if you are travelling. （3）（新概念四第43课时）无线电波也以光速传播。 Radio waves also travel. 【参考答案】（1）speed up（2）at high speed（3）at the speed of light 3. pay off pay off 还清(债务);回报,成功;付清工资后解雇(某人) All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off! 我作为探险家的多年训练终于获得了回报! 归纳拓展 pay back偿还,报复 pay for付款 pay up总算付清全

11、部欠款 pay in cash用现金支付 pay a visit to 参观;拜访 pay attention to注意;留心 自测默写 【即时训练】 单句语法填空 1. (2018 全国卷 III) Because of our efforts， our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay _ her holiday due to illness. 2. (2017 浙江卷) We bought one on the

12、Internet actually. But could you pay us _. 3. (2017 北京卷) Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits _ homeless people. 4. (2017 天津卷) Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not _ (pay) attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get

13、you in trouble. 【参考答案】 1. for2. back3. to4. paying 4. benefit vt. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的 【同】 profit v. 有益于；获利 n. 利润；利益 benefit vt. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;奖金 【原文再现】(P3L38)All of these ads are meant to benefit the public, and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give. 所有这些广告旨在使公众

14、受益,而且通过遵循它们提供的建议,你往往就能学到很多东西。 归纳拓展 benefit from从中获益 be of benefit to.对有益 for ones benefit/for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益 beneficial adj. 有益的 be beneficial to对有益 自测默写 【即时训练】 I. 语境填词 The suggestions from your teacher is surely of great _, from which you will _ a lot. If I were you, I would foll

15、ow whatever is _ to my growth. (benefit) 【参考答案】benefit; benefit; beneficial II. 单句语法填空 1. (2019 天津卷) The author benefited _ his experience in the debate club. 2. It is _ (benefit) to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. 3. (2019 北京卷) The students _ (benefit)

16、most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources. 【参考答案】 1. from2. beneficial3. benefiting 5. Surround surround vt. 围绕,环绕surrounding n. 环绕物 adj. 四周的,环绕的surroundings n. 环境， 周围的事物 surround vt. 围绕,环绕 【原文再现】(P18L2)To some,

17、happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. 对某些人来说,幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。 surround.with.使包围 be surrounded by/with.被包围 自测默写 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n. 环境,周围的事物 【即时训练】 语法填空 (1) The(surround)villages have been absorbed by the growing city. (2)(2019北京高考书面表达)Ill show you around the Great W

18、all, for Im familiar with the _(surround) there. (3)He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself(surround). (4) My hometown is a beautiful village, which(surround)by green mountains and clear water. (5)(2019江苏)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, _(surround) by his family. 【参考答案】(1)surr

19、ounding(2)surroundings(3)surrounded (4)is surrounded(5） surrounded 6.favour *favour n. 赞同；支持；恩惠；偏袒 v. 赞成；偏爱；有利于，有助于favourable adj. 赞同 的；支持的；讨人喜爱的 favour n帮助；喜爱；恩惠；赞同，支持 vt.喜爱；偏袒 Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature? 有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗? ask sb. a favour(ask a favou

20、r of sb.) 求某人 帮一个忙 do a favour for sb.(do sb. a favour) 帮某人 一个忙 owe sb. a favour 欠某人的人情 in favour of 赞成，支持；主张 in ones favour 对某人有利 自测默写 favourable adj. 有利的；赞许的；给人好印象 的 【即时训练】 . 语法填空 (1)When circumstances are _ (favour), we must not forget that there will still be difficulties. (2)He hoped the judgme

21、nt would be _ his favour. (3)Would you do me the favour _(open) the window? . 句型转换 (4)Most of them were for my opinion while David was against it. Most of them were _my opinion while David was against it. (5)Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour. 1Now I wonder whether you could. 2Now I wonde

22、r whether I could. 【参考答案】(1)favourable (2)in (3)to open (4) in favor of (5)1 do a favor for me 2 ask you a favor 7. charge n. 负责,掌管 vt. 使承担责任;收费chargeable adj.应支付的,可控诉的 8. involve 参与 9. credit 信誉 10.apply 应用 *apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n. 申请(书);应用 applicant n. 申请人，应聘人 apply vi

23、. 申请; vt. 使用,应用 In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. 1998 年他申请 成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。 归纳拓展 apply sth. to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于 apply to适用于;申请 apply to.for.向申请 apply oneself to (=be applied to) 致力于/集中精力 于 application n. 应用;申请;敷用 applicant n. 申请人 自测默写 【即时训练】 I. 语境

24、串词 Interested in this subject, he _ to join the research team. Unfortunately, though the promised he would _ himself to this research, his _ was rejected, as there was another _ who was more qualified for the research. (apply) 【参考答案】applied; apply; application; applicant II. 单句语法填空 1. (2019 上 海 卷 )

25、The Online registration feature does not apply _ evaluation registration. 2. (2019 全国卷 I) You could apply _ (be) a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. 3. (2019 天津卷) However, technology is also the _ (apply) of scientific knowle

26、dge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways. 4. (2018 浙江卷 11 月) it can also be pricey if the schools you are _ (apply) to happen to be more than a car ride away. 5. (朗文当代高级英语词典) He was one of 30 _ (apply) for the managers job. 【参考答案】 1. to2. to be3. application4. applying5. applicants 11

27、. Permit * permission n. 准许；许可permit vt. 准许；许可 permission n. 准许;许可;批准 【原文再现】(P59L26)Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new technology. 既然没有人确切知道转基因食品是否安全,对于生产转基

28、因食品,很多国家都犹豫不决,因 为对于这项新技术,他们宁愿小心谨慎。 permit v. 允许；许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执 照 permit sb. to do. 允许某人做 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. sth. 允许某人做某事 apply for a permit 申请许可证 ask for permission 请求许可 without permission 未经许可 Weather/Time permitting,. 天气/时间允 许, 自测默写 【即时训练】 . 语境串词 (1)We need to ask our parents for

29、_ before we start the hike. If they dont _ us to take a journey, we must wait for another time. And by the way, if you want to camp in the park during the hike, youd better apply to some department concerned for a _.(permit) . 语法填空 (2) The owners dont permit _(park) cars in front of the shops. (3) W

30、ithout _(permit), you cant take the materials away. (4) Passengers are permitted _(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (5) I need to call my Dad and ask _ permission before we go out. 【参考答案】(1)permission permitpermit(2)parking(3)permission/being permitted(4)to carry (5)for 12. Resp

31、onsibility responsibility n. 责任；职责 responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责的 irresponsible adj.不负 责任的 responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务 They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsiblities and only worrying about money. 他们想到贪婪的商人逃避他们的责任，只想到钱。 have the responsibility to do 有责任/有义务做 bear/take (on) the respons

32、ibility for承 担 对的责任，为负责 hide from ones responsibility 逃避责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for 应对负责； 对有责 任 自测默写 【即时训练】 . 语境串词 (1)Mr Black is the manager of the project. He is _ for the whole project. If anything goes wrong, he will take _ for it. (responsible) . 完成句子 (2)As a manager, you should _for personnel. 作为经理，你应该对职员全面负责。 (3)He has _. 他丝毫没有责任感。 (4)Parents _their childrens safety. 父母应该对孩子的安全负责。 【参考答案】(1)responsibleresponsibility(2)take over all responsibility(3)no sense of responsibility(4)are responsible for