（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第二册Unit 2 语法学案—现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 .docx

1、现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 一语态的基本概念和种类 1. 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态主动语态(active voice)和被动语态被动语态(passive voice)。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。 She typed a letter. (主动，主语 She 是 type 动作的执行者) Aletter was typed by her. （被动，主语 Aletter 是 typed 动作的承受者） 2. 被动语态的概述被动语态的概述 被动

2、语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词及物动词才有被动语态。 二：被动语态的构成： 被动语态由“助动词助动词 be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。 主动语态变被动语态的原则：主动语态变被动语态的原则： 三变三变：主语变为 by 短语，宾语变为主语，谓语由主动变为被动； 三不变三不变：原句意思不变，原句时态不变，原句主谓宾以外的成分不变。 三三：使用：使用被动语态的被动语态的情况情况 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new computers were stolen la

3、st night. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四四：主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 一一）方法方法:将主动结构中的宾语宾语变为被动结构中的主语主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结 构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该 by 短语)。 Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei

4、 last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。 Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。 二）注意事项二）注意事项 1) 将含有复合宾语复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 注意注意：表示“使、让”的动词 make, have 等，以及感官动词 see, wa

5、tch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等，在主动语态中，接 不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带 to。 I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 2) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加 to 或 for 留在动词之后；也可 将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。 He ga

6、ve me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 3) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。She has never been operated on before. 4) 动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do 变成 to be done 不同时态的被动形式：不同时态的被动形式：一般进行完成 现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/have been done 过去was/were donewas

7、/were being donehad been done 将来shall/will be done 过去将来should/would be done 5）动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 巩固练习：巩固练习：把下列主动语态改为被动语态把下列主动语态改为被动语态

8、 1We often use a recorder in our English class. 2They will show a new film next week. 3When did they build the house? 4I saw the boy enter the room. 5Will they show a new film next week? 6Have they posted the letter yet? 7We often see him help his classmate. 8You must turn off the light before you g

9、o to be.d 9Who is repairing the bike? 10 The student should learn all the texts by heart. 五、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构五、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构 当把现在进行时的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，往往在 be 动词后加上一个 being 来体现现在进行时，然后再把动词 的现在分词形式变成过去分词来表示被动，即：be (am/is/are)beingdone。 肯定结构肯定结构be(am/is/are) being done 否定结构否定结构be(am/is/are)+ not + being d

10、one 一般疑问结构一般疑问结构be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done 特殊疑问结构特殊疑问结构特殊疑问词+ be(am/is/are)+主语+ being done 考点一考点一 现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法：现在进行时的被动语态的基本用法： 1. 表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与 now, look 等词连用。 2. 表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。 3. 表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。 4. 表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与 always, forever, continually, constantly

11、等词连用，往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及 埋怨等感情色彩。 考点二考点二 现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项： 1)有些动词的进行时的主动语态表示被动含义。如:The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。 2)有些表示感觉的动词(如 feel, taste, smell 等),用一般现在时表示被动含义;用现在进行时表示主动含义。如: The material feels soft. 这块布料质地柔软。I am feeling the material. 我在抚摸这块布料。 实战演习 1. Scientists will produce plastic

12、 materials from beans, but right now the new product_ in the lab. Ais being developedBhas been developed Cis developingDhas developed 2. Wine is the worlds favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where great times_ with friends. Aare being sharedBis sharedCsharesDshare 3Please dont enter the

13、 room, because it is. Ahas been paintedBis being painted Cis paintedDwill be painted 4What are you going to do this weekend? Im going to an exhibition of photographs which _ these days. Awill be heldBis holding Cwill holdDis being held 5We have to hold the meeting in the small hall because the meeti

14、ng room where we planned to hold the meeting _. Ais being decoratedBis decorating Cwill be decoratedDwill decorate 6Our supplies _, so we must get enough of them before none is left. Ahave run outBhave been run out Care running out ofDare being used up 六、六、现在完成时的被动语态的构成现在完成时的被动语态的构成 1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为

15、 has/have been done, 使用 has been done 时主语为单数，使用 have been done 时主语为复数。 This book has been translated into many languages.His bikes have been sold out. 2.2.现在完成时的被动语态的含义现在完成时的被动语态的含义 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思： (1)动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 (2)主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。 Our classroom has been cleaned: you neednt

16、 clean it now. 我们的教室已经打扫过，现在你没必要再打扫了。 3.3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法 (1)用于不知道动作的执行者是谁时。His bike has been stolen. (不清楚是谁偷的) (2)用于动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。Not a book in the library has been taken away. (3)用于可以说出动作的执行者，但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。 My watch has been repaired. (表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好的无关紧要，不必提及) (4)用于动作的执行者不是人

17、时。The house has been washed away by the storm. 4.4.现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式 His homework hasnt been finished. 否定 Has this bridge been finished?一般疑问 Why has he been praised by his teacher?特殊疑问 实战演习 1.-Flight 302 to London_ until 7:30 tomorrow morning. -No wonder I hear so many complaints from t

18、he passengers. A. has been delayedB. delayC. delayedD. will be delayed 2.The window is dirty. I know. It _ forweeks. A. hasnt cleanB. didnt cleanC. wasnt cleanedD. hasnt been cleaned 3.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they_before leaving their hometowns. A.

19、promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised 4.Millions of pounds worth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been causedB. had been caused C. will be causedD. will have been caused 5.We want to sit at the table near the window. -Im sorry,

20、but it _already. A. has takenB. tookC. was takenD. has been taken 6.Great changes _in my home town and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. had taken place; will be set up 综合练习综合练习 1)Looking at th

21、e beef(cook) on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together. 2)In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility(consider) or has been put in place as an incentive for reducing waste. 3)And it is not just robins that(keep) awake by artificial light. 4)Food s

22、upplies in the flood-stricken area(run out).We must act immediately before theres none left. 5)The new generation of computers, with artificial intelligence,(develop) and perfected now. 6)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house(rebuild). 7)It is believed that a new

23、kind of drug(develop) by the scientists and they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months. 8)Anew hospital(build) here. We hope that it can be finished next month. 9)Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine(test). 10)I dont know what(do) by the children in the room

24、now. 1.Experiments of this kindin both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conductedB. have been conducted C. had conductedD. had been conducted 2. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested. A. has beenB. had beenC. hasD. had 3. -Have you moved into the new house? - Not

25、yet, the rooms _. A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. being painted 4. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decidedB. isnt decidingC. doesnt decideD. hasnt decided 5.The church tower whichwill be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has

26、restoredB. has been restoredC.is restoringD.is being restored 6.Youve failed to do what youto and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expectB. will be expectedC. expectedD. were expected 7.- “How about the dishes, Dear？” -“The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too long.” A. cookedB. had bee

27、n cookedC. was cookedD. had cooked 8. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolenB. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolenD. had been broken into; stolen 参考答案： 五实战演习：AABDAD 六实战演习： ADDADB 综合练习 1) being cooked2) is being considered3) are being kept4) are running out5) are being developed 6) is being built7) is being developed8) is being built9)is being tested10) is being done 1-8 DBAADDBD