（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册Unit 4 定语从句 ppt课件.pptx

1、先行词 关系词 先行词 定语从句 关系词 I made laugh in class yesterday. 定语从句的结构和分类 1. The boy running on the playground is Peter. 2. The boy who is running on the playground is Peter. 3. What the boy wants to do is to run on the playground. 主句关系词从句 主句逗号 关系词从句 5. This is the best novel that I have ever read. 4. The no

2、vel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 简单句简单句 限从限从 主语从句主语从句 非限非限 限从限从 1 关系词的作用和分类 1 1 关系词的作用 连接主句和从句 代替先行词 在从句中充当成分 关系代词 关系副词 主、宾、表、定 which,who,whom, that, whose, as 状语 when,where,why 关系代词用法总结 2 2 关系代词关系代词修饰的先行词修饰的先行词所作成分所作成分 who人人 主语、宾语主语、宾语 whom人人 宾语宾语 that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语 which物

3、物主语、宾语主语、宾语 whose人或物人或物定语定语 as人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语 04 关系副词用法总结 3 3 关系副词关系副词修饰的先行词修饰的先行词所作成分所作成分 when时间时间时间状语时间状语 where地点地点地点状语地点状语 why原因原因原因状语原因状语 04 答题技巧总结 4 4 04 两个注意 5 5 先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，

4、关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义， 所以在从句中不能重复其意。所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit (them) in China. that和which用法的区别1 1 1. 1.只用只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。 当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词something, everything, anything, something, everything, anything, nothing, all, much, little, none, the on

5、enothing, all, much, little, none, the one时。时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？ You should hand in all that you have. 你应该上交你拥有的一切。 当先行词前面被当先行词前面被the only, the very(the only, the very(恰恰，正好恰恰，正好) )，the rightthe right，the the lastlast等词修饰时。等词修饰时。 The only thing t

6、hat we can do is give you some money. 我们唯一能做的事情是给你一些钱。 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来抵制污染最好的(方法)。 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？ 04 当先

7、行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ 当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词whowho、whomwhom或或whichwhich时。时。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一辆自行车是你丢的？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 获得金牌的男孩是谁？ 当先行词在主句中做表语当先行词在主句中做表语, ,关系代词在定语从句中做表语时关系代词在定语从句中做

8、表语时. . He is not the man that he used to be. 当先行词在主句中做表语当先行词在主句中做表语, ,关系代词在定语从句中做表语时关系代词在定语从句中做表语时. . He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 This is the best p

9、lay that was written by Jack. 这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。 04 2 2、只、只用用whichwhich，不用不用thatthat引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中中（，后面）。（，后面）。 He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。 在介词提前的定语从句中。在介词提前的定语从句中。 This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。 先行词

10、本身就是先行词本身就是thatthat时。时。 That which you told him about is what we want to know. 你告诉他的正是他想知道的事情。 04 1.The first text _we are to learn is very difficult. 2.Im interested in everything _I dont know。 3.Theres no difficulty _ we cant overcome. 4.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals _ you ar

11、e thinking about. 5.Which is the book _ you told me about? 7.The quake hit Wenchuan, _ used to be a beautiful village . 8.This is the room in _Chairman once lived. 9.Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us. that that that that that which which which 2 2 which

12、引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。 David, as you know, is a photograopher. (不可用which) Li Ming is late, as is often the case. (不可用which) as有有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which则意为则意为“这件事，这一点这件事，这一点”可用可用and this/that/it来代替。来代替。 As is well known，Shanghai is a big city Some of the roa

13、ds were flooded， which made our journey more difficult 当主句和从句语义一致时，用当主句和从句语义一致时，用as； He made a long speech,as we expected. 当主句和从句语义转折不一致时，用当主句和从句语义转折不一致时，用which He made along speech,which was unexpected. Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesnt like at all. as多用于固定搭配中：多用于固定搭配中： as is often th

14、e case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 as 的用法asas指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 We have found such materials. Such materials are used in their factory. We have found such materi

15、als _ are used in their factory.as 主语主语 先行词先行词 两个区别 区别区别sothat, suchthat结果状语从句以及结果状语从句以及soas, suchas 定语从句定语从句： That was so heavy a stone that no one could lift it. That was so heavy a stone as no one could lift. He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. 他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明男孩。 He is such a clever boy that

16、everyone likes him. 他是个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。 04 区别区别the sameas 和和 the same that定语从句：定语从句： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。 04 用whowhom不用that 3 3 (1)(1)当先行词是当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someo

17、ne, everybody等词时等词时。 如：Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. 注：在非正式文体中可以说：Youre the one that knows where to go. (2)(2)当先行词是当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。等词时。 如：He who wants to catch fish just does not mind gett

18、ing wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands. 注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that。 如：He that promises too much means nothing. _we all know, smoking is bad for our health. 众所周知，抽烟有害健康。 Li Ming is late，_is known by all. 李明迟到了，这是大家都知道的。 Li Ming was late，_made Mr Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。

19、_he realized, it was too late. 正如他意识到的那样，已经晚了。 as which as which 1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词，表时间用当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词，表时间用when， 表地点用表地点用where，表原因用，表原因用why引导。引导。 1. The day _ I married was June 6, 2004. 2. The hotel _ we stayed wasnt clean. 3. The reason _ Im calling you is to invite you to a party. on

20、the day 2. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why 可用可用“介词介词+ which”代替代替 1. The day _ I married was June 6, 2004. 2. The hotel _ we stayed wasnt clean. 3. The reason _ Im calling you is to invite you to a party. in which for the reason in the hotel for which on which when where why where可以表示模糊化地点，当先行词是可以表示模糊化地点，当先

21、行词是case, situation, point, position, stage 等作先行词，常用等作先行词，常用where引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。 “介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”的用法的用法 6 6 1.“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物指物)或或 whom(指人指人)，当介词放在关系代词前面时，当介词放在关系代词前面时， 关系代词不

22、能省略；反之，当介关系代词不能省略；反之，当介 词位于定语从句的末尾时，词位于定语从句的末尾时，则不受这种限制。则不受这种限制。 1. This is the book for which you asked. (which不能省略)这是你所要的书。 2. This is the book which you asked for. (which可省略)这是你所要的书。 2.“2.“介词介词which/whom”which/whom”中介词的确定分两种情况中介词的确定分两种情况： (1)(1)与定语从句中的动词与定语从句中的动词或形容词或形容词构成搭配。构成搭配。 The man I talke

23、d about at the meeting is from America. The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from America. 在会议中我谈到的那个人来自美国。 This is the person (whom/who/that) you are looking for. 这就是你找的那个人。（句中for不可以提前，因为look for是动词短语。） (2) (2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配。 He came to a farm, on which he finally settled. 他来

24、到一个农场，最后在那里安了家。 I dont like the desk _ leg is broken. I dont like the desk _the leg is broken. I dont like the desk the leg _ is broken. 3 3、“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词” ” 拓展拓展 关系代词关系代词whose与与of which的用法区别的用法区别 whose +n. of which +the +n. the +n.+ of which whose of which of which 04 4 4、复杂介词、复杂介词+ +关系代词关系代词 Th

25、ey arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。 I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。 5. “不定代词或数词不定代词或数词+ of + which/whom”说明整体中的一部分。如：说明整体中的一部分。如： China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan. 中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾岛。 There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。 限定性定语从句和非限的区别 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上不用逗号和主句隔开形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语， 不能删除不能删除 是对先行词作补充说明是对先行词作补充说明, , 删除后意思仍完整删除后意思仍完整 译法上翻译成先行词的定语，译法上翻译成先行词的定语， “的的” 通常翻译成主句的并列句通常翻译成主句的并列句