高级软件工程全册配套完整精品课件.ppt

1、 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Advanced Software Engineering 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 高级软件工程全册配套高级软件工程全册配套 完整精品课件完整精品课件 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Chapter 0 The brief introduction to Advanced Software Engineering and The Course 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 1. My understanding about ASE. 2. engi

2、neering 3. software engineering 4. advanced software engineering 5. The purpose of the course 6. How to learn the course ? 7. Precedent courses 8. Reference 9. Score and evaluation 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 1. 1. My understanding about ASE Engineering: Five important features of engineering (1) l

3、arge in the size, (2) involve large investment (3) Need a lot of persons to take part in (4) Need a long period to complete (5) Need a lot of auxiliary equipments. tools a lot of components, codes and standards 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Engineering has thousands history. The Great Wall in China (

4、221 B.C) The Great canal in China (581 D.C) The Pyramids in Egypt (3000 B.C) The Three Gorges Project in China The Eiffle Tower in French The Sydney opera House in Australia Software Engineering, NATO, 1968, 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE For example, large house building, bridge Engineering, railway

5、engineering. Large scale water power project These project need standard， organization, cooperation, criterion If the size is small, the characters for engineering is not evident, for example, several peasants build a small house, several men built a dam on a small stream to make water flow into ric

6、e fields. several programmers code a small system. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 3. Software engineering What is software? Software systems are programs, usually large ones, running on a computer. Despite several decades of concerted effort, the design, implementation, and maintenance of such systems

7、 is more of an art than a science. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE That is to say, the development and maintenance of such systems are processes dominated by loose guidelines, heuristic principles and inspirational guesswork, rather than formally defined principles and well defined techniques. By: Part

8、ridge, Derek. Chicago : Glenlake Pub., Ltd. 1998. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Soft engineering Software, codes and documents. Code, program, the key is that it contain knowledge, Software is the crystal of knowledge, it the knowledge which can run on the computer, and we can get the answer of a pro

9、blem easily and instantly. Advantages of program It can run on the computer. It is strict, deal everything equally and rationally, no influence by mood of people. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Software engineering requires understanding and application of engineering principles, design skills, good m

10、anagement practice, computer science and mathematical formalism. It is the task of software engineering to draw together these separate areas of expertise and bring them to bear upon the requirements, elicitation, specification, design, verification, implementation, testing, documentation and mainte

11、nance of complex and large scale software systems. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The software engineer thus fulfills the role of architect of a complex system, taking account of user requirements and needs, feasibility, cost, quality, reliability, safety and time constraints. The necessity to balance

12、 the relative importance of these factors according to the nature of the system and 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE according to the nature of the system and the application gives a strong ethical dimension to the task of the software engineer, on whom the safety or wellbeing of others may depend, and

13、for whom, as in medicine or in law, a sense of professional morality is a requirement of the job. Sound engineering judgement is required. IEE report on Undergraduate Curricula for Software engineering, June 1989, London, p. 13. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Software engineering , a science which res

14、earches how to make software systems with higher quality, higher effectiveness, and lower cost. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Software crises If we do not deal with the production of software with the mode of engineering, we will suffer a critical damages. (1) In the early 1980s, the United States In

15、ternal Revenue Service(IRS) hired Spery Corporation to build an automated federal income tax form processing system, original investment is $103 million. when the project was complete, It is found that “the system has proved inadequate to the workload and must be replaced soon” In 1985, an extra $90

16、 million was need to enhanced. In addition, because the IRS from returning refunding to to taxpayers, was forced to pay $40.2 million in interest. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE $22.3 million was paid overtime wages to its employees. The reason: no master plan. only a six thousands page technical docu

17、ment. “$4 billion fiasco that is floundering” Los Angeles Time 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE (2)Washington Post, 1996 Pilots Computer Error cited in Plane Crash American Airlines Says One-Letter Code Was Reason Jet Hit Mountain in Colombia The crash killed all but four of the 163 people aboard The de

18、stination of the plane is Cali One letter code for Cali is the same as the one for Bogota The aviation control system wrong to direct the captain to fly to Bogota. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE (3) There is no good method to test to guarantee adequate reliability. An antiballistic missile system requ

19、ire at least ten million lines of codes. So in the system test stage we requires to test the enormous amount of codes. By the safety-critical standard, this means the system can fail no more often than once in 109 hours of operation. We would to run the system for at least 109 hours , i.e. 11400 yea

20、rs! 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The features of software products that is different from other engineering products, such as building, bridge, etc. (1) It is difficult to read and revise. So the document companying program is very important, is necessary. (2)The people who attend the engineering ar

21、e high level software developer. So this means high cost for a project. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE (3) Software products are a mental products The products of general engineering: reform nature, offer people the convenience of life and work. A large building, a large bridge, a long high railway, a

22、 large dam, shaped. The products Software engineering: just offer one kind of products Tools of substitution for mental actions. Problem solving system, operation system, management system, game system. It give us a lot of helps, It is shapeless. Substitution for brain thinking, this is the essentia

23、l feature of software product different from all other engineering products 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE (4) The quality for engineering is too high, Reaching exclusive（排它的）。（排它的）。 For system software, if one system has very high quality or developed firstly, the other software with same function ha

24、s not any meaning. So its investment and spirit lost completely. For example Windows of microsoft and RedFlag of Chinese Science Academy. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE However, in the building engineering is not the case. Two developers build two mansions, one is better, other is worse. The two posse

25、ss same function, except their quality, the second can be used also, may be its price is low. From this point, the quality of software is critical, cruel. The time constraints are very strict. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Software engineer is more difficult. (5) Application system has severe interfe

26、res coming from social and administration. For example, House statistic system, there is not any difficulties in technology, the difficulties are coming from administrative office or some privileges of some people. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Two example: Jilins Corn Futhre Trade sytem, 1992 Develo

27、per: Jiang Yunfei,Dong Wenquan 200 seats in trade hall. Every seats has a computer, Local networks. High speed mainframe computer. The project is very success. However, Nation arrangedThe Futher Trade Center at the ZhengZhou city of Henan provence, our project is stopped. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutAS

28、E GuangDong Provinces Fire Brigade Office System 1998 developed by The institute of Computer Software of SYSU about logistics module In the personnel module there are a list of officers and soldiers, by the standard of National Army, every officer or soldier has definite amount to supply, so this is

29、 simple calculation. However, the leaders of the logistics department do not agree the simple calculation. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE (6)The product of software is malleable. All other products of engineering have time bound a house: 70 years a bridge: 100 years, its usage value is lessened as tim

30、e is flowing. The product of software may be very long. It can be improved constantly. Its power may be stronger and stronger. for example, a system with learning ability. we must consider the feature of product of software . automated amassment 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The speciality of softwar

31、e engineering is more than the commonality for other general engineering. Whether the common management rules, principles, standards can be used to software engineering? The common trend: Using an unifying principles to guide software engineering. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE In sum, there are a few

32、 similarities between bridges and software systems, but there are many salient differences. So why this general exhortation to try to build and design programs in the mould successfully used for bridges? Is it a misguided campaign fuelled by little more than desperation? 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE

33、 What the software people really hope to import into their discipline is product reliability? But are bridges, buildings, and steam engines reliable because the technology is well understood, in the sense of well defined, or because the artefacts are produced as a result of rigid adherence to a comp

34、lete and precise specification of desired behavior. Could the software engineering to do similarly? The answer is not clearly. Book: “ Artificial intelligence and software engineering” 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE There may be lead to some mistakes 1. Neglect the requirements. 2. Neglect the necessa

35、ry declaration. 3. Neglect the test and maintenance. Learning software engineering and to do a qualified software engineer: you must have your own thinking. you can not confine yourself in Codes and Rules of books. you can not learn the course in the studio or in ivory tower. You should learn the co

36、urse by practice. you should be shrewd 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 3. advanced Innovation, the new ideas, the new technology, the new methods, the new developing process the new tools for software developing, the new test method, maintain methods. For example, software and AI, Use AI technique to s

37、oftware engineering, In Jilin Building Budget System-85, use AI rote learning technique, solve the building standards Store problem. Present Assemble Developing methods Use model-based diagnoses to software system. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The new technology: The new development of computer pres

38、ents new problem, promote the new technique s in software developing For example, internet and database promote the developing Based middleware . Practice is the only standard to test the ideas. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 5. The purpose of the course Grasp the advanced knowledge and technology, pr

39、epare to attend in developing software system. Do research work in the software area. Present new ideas new view, new technology. Get the training in the developing software system. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 6. How to learn the course ? Take lesson, think, discuss. Read book, papers. Take part in

40、 developing. The SunZis Art of War 孙子兵法孙子兵法 全世界的军事院校几乎都学孙子兵法，全世界的军事院校几乎都学孙子兵法， 学过孙子兵法的军人有几十万，学过孙子兵法的军人有几十万， 可是世界著名可是世界著名 的常胜将军却寥寥数人。的常胜将军却寥寥数人。 So practice is very important. You should combine the theory in the book and the specific case that you face. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 7. Precedent cour

41、ses Discrete mathematics Data structure Software engineering java 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 8. Reference 1.Software engineering theory and practice Shari Lawrence Pfleeger , Joanne M. Atlee 2. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications : New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and

42、Techniques Fujita, H. Gavrilova, T. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 9. Score and evaluation 1. Q and A, Discussion, Test , 20% 2. Read paper and Note, 20% 3. Taking part training, 20% 4. Term examination, 40% 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The challenge raised by net environment communication problem of

43、softwares different types of resources location problem of resouces in net Soundness of whole system security problem maintainance problrm internet agent 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Chapter0习题习题 1. 什么是软件工程? 2. 与其他工程的产品比较, 软件工程产品有什么 特点? 3. 软件开发的步骤有哪些? 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Thank You The end o

44、f Chapter 0 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE Chapter 1 Software and Software Developing 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 1.1 Software 1.2 The Present Situation of Software Developing 1.3 The features for Software Developing 1.4 Influences brought by Net 1.5 Wassermans Discipline of Software Engineering 超级计算

45、学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 1.1 Software 1、What is software? 2、The Present Situation of Software Developing 3、The features of Software Developing 4、The Essential Feature of Software 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE 1、What is software? Software = Program + Document Program: The Software Systems described in

46、 computer language, Can run on the computer and give result. Document: The auxiliary declaration for software described in natural language. Software is the crystal of human knowledge and experiences, represented accurately, is a product made by brain of knowledge. 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The c

47、arrier of software: paper, disk, tape, U-plate Of course, the carrier is not important, the content stored in carriers, knowledge is important. Software is the knowledge, which can run directly. The formula in which we can solve the unitary quadratic equation is knowledge, to use it the student must

48、 first learn, however if we write it in program, we can solve equation use the equation directly. Software is mysterious artifact! 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The features of software as knowledge products advantage： It is strict and accurate. Its cost to copy is low. It is can be improved constant

49、ly It is easy to propagate, inherit Its applications is very wide. Nearly all fields of national economy Software bring huge change to our life, study, society and industry ,State defence . 超级计算学院 高级软件工程 第 0 章 AboutASE The features of software as knowledge product Disadvantages: Essentially, the sof

50、tware is comprised of binary codes, and built level by level, so it is very complicated It is not easy to understand. It is easy to make wrong. It is hard to find the faults in it, and it is also hard to revise faults in it. In net environment, its soundness and security is a large problem. 超级计算学院 高