(2021新牛津译林版)高中英语必修三第一、第二单元课文文本.docx
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1、Reading The amazon rainforest: a natural treasure Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem. The Amazon rainfo
2、rest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, andone overseasregion ofFrance,all on theSouth American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, i
3、s close to 6,400 kilometres in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
4、 Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of
5、shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hard woods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. More than 300 species of birds and over 400 species
6、 of mammals hide among the jungle s plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forests food chain. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in tur
7、n, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earths oxygen. Thus, it is
8、often known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used food or medicine. Yet there is a major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. has disappeared due to the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle
9、farming. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? integrated skills Human activities cause increasing harm to animals When you think of a fearsom
10、e hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind. Recent research by environmental scientists, however, shows that in fact, humans are the most fearsome hunters who have the greatest impact on animal populations. Human activities have brought many animals closeto extinction.In thelast 500 yea
11、rs,over30() species of animals have gone extinct. Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, directly harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations. Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the worlds animal populations.
12、 Some people hunt animals for food: whale meat is eaten in some parts oftheworld.Some peoplehuntanimals forfashion:animal skinis usedto make coats and bags. Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. Human activities that have i
13、ndirect effects on animals can be just as harmful. When we build farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live, or no food to eat. We can also put animals in danger without ever entering their habitats. Air, water, noise and light pollution can all have a
14、 deep and damaging influence quite far from their source. Partly due to pollution caused by ship traffic and other human activities, the dolphin population has dropped greatly. As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. Extended reading News that matters: pollu
15、tion in Norgate HOST: Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are Janies Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committ
16、ee. Welcome. Norgates rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith, youve lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time? SMITH: Its been awful, really. When 1 first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the wa
17、ter clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different. I dont enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; its also given me a cough that 1 cant get rid of. For health and safety reasons alo
18、ne, heavy industry has to go. HOST: Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond? BROWN: Well, Im sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. In
19、defence of the factories, however, Id like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. I think I speak for all factory managers when 1saywere deeply concerned about the environment. Weve been taking- various measures including the use of new technologies, to reduce p
20、ollution in the production process even though these measures raise our production costs. Id also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. Weve created many jobs for local residents and helped the citys economy grow. HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With poll
21、ution level on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balanc
22、e between environmental protection and economic development. Weve made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly wa
23、y. However, fighting pollution isnt just a task for factories and the government. It has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway, or using the bike-sharing system. H
24、ost: I thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said, “Saving our planet,lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth . these are one and the same fight. The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. Its our duty to protec
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