（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修一定语从句详解附练习（含答案）.doc

1、第 1 页 共 10 页 高一英语语法高一英语语法定语从句详解定语从句详解 一关系代词用法一关系代词用法 定语从句的定语从句的概念及作用概念及作用：定语从句起到定语的作用，用来修饰名词或代词。所修饰的名词或 代词叫做先行词。 The number of people who lost homes in the earthquake reached 300,000. 限制性定语从句 定语从句的分类 非限制性定语从句 关系 代词 在从句 中充当 的成分 指代的 先行词例句 that 主语 人 Im not one of those students that can do homework wel

2、l at a new place. 物I have to do my homework in a place that has desks and chairs. 宾语 人David was one of the most helpful students (that) we ever had. 物 Some of the books were gifts (that) he got from his Chinese friends and students. which 主语物David studied in the high school which is the oldest one i

3、n the city. 宾语物 Some of the cities in China (which) he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. who 主语人She was the teacher who taught us English Literature. 宾语人 I dont know the name of the teacher (who) I saw in the computer room the other day. whom宾语人 I dont know the name of the teache

4、r (whom) I saw in the computer room the other day. whose定语 人I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane. 物 The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. as 主语 人He is such a person as can help you. 物This is so useful a dictionary as can help you learn English

5、. 宾语 人He is not the same man as he was. 物This is so difficult a problem as nobody can answer. 1. whose 修饰物时，可作如下替换修饰物时，可作如下替换： The house whose windows face south is new. The house of which the windows face south is new. The house the windows of which face south is new. 第 2 页 共 10 页 whose+名词名词=the +名

6、词名词 +of which 2. 修饰物时，关系代词只能用修饰物时，关系代词只能用 that 的情况：的情况： 先行词既有人又有物先行词既有人又有物 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 先行词被先行词被 the only, the very, just the, the last 及序数词修饰及序数词修饰 It is the only film that I like. This is the very book that Im looking for. What is the first

7、American film that you have seen? 先行词被最高级修饰先行词被最高级修饰 This is the most interesting novel that Ive ever read. 先行词被先行词被 all, any, every, no, some, little, a little, few, a few, 等修饰等修饰 I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行词本身是不定代词先行词本身是不定代词 all, any, few, little, much, something, nothing, anyth

8、ing, everything 等。等。 All that he said was true. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 主句的主语是疑问代词主句的主语是疑问代词 who 和和 which 时，关系代词用时，关系代词用 that Who is the girl that helped the man out of trouble? 先行词为表语，关系代词为表语时，关系代词用先行词为表语，关系代词为表语时，关系代词用 that He is no longer the little boy that he use

9、d to be. 先行词为先行词为 time 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用 that 引导引导 It is the last time that I will give you a lesson. 先行词为先行词为 the way 时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，in which, that, 不填不填 I dont like the way you speak. 3. 指人时在下列情况下多用或须用指人时在下列情况下多用或须用 who 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用 who. Do you know the man who spoke

10、just now? 先行词为先行词为 all, one, ones, everyone, anyone, nobody, 或或 all 指人时，多用指人时，多用 who。 All who heard the news were excited. Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished. 先行词为先行词为 those 和和 people 时多用时多用 who。 Those who want to go please sign their names here. People who can see sometimes act just as foo

11、lishly. 在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用 who，作宾语须用，作宾语须用 whom。 Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard. Mr Green, whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term. 在被分割的定语从句中须用在被分割的定语从句中须用 who. Anew teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 在以在以 there be 开头的句

12、子中多用开头的句子中多用 who. There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster. 4. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 Those who are against the plan please sign your names here. Anyone who breaks the law is to be punished. I who am your friend will try my best to help yo

13、u. 第 3 页 共 10 页 Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is not the only one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. 5. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 6. 关系代词代替先行

14、词在定语从句中作主语关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语宾语、定语定语、表语表语，因此定语从句中不再因此定语从句中不再 出现所替代的名词或代词。出现所替代的名词或代词。 The news (that/which) you told us it is disappointing. （误） The news (that/which) you told us is disappointing. （正） 选择题选择题 1We should learn form those _ are always ready to help other. AwhoBwhomCtheyDthat 2Finally

15、 the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. AthatBwhatCwhichDas 3All _ is needed is a cup a tea. A/BthatCwhatDwhich 4He talked about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. AthatBwhenCwhoDwhich 5. How can you bear the way _ he speaks to you? Which of the following i

16、s wrong? Ain whichBthatC/Dwhich 6-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that the reason _ you had a few days off? AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere 7He is the only one of the students who _ passed the exam. A. hasB. haveC. isD. are 8.Who _ knows him would believe him? AwhomBwhoCthatDwhich 9This is th

17、e first sum of money _ the childrens family has received. AthatBwhichCwhatDas 10 This is not the only apple _ has rotten away. AwhichBthatC/Dwhat 11 Is this the house _ the great musician was born in? AwhichBwhereCthe oneDit 12. Is this museum _ some foreign tourists visited the day before? AwhichBt

18、hatCwhereDthe one 13 Ive read all the books _ our teacher requires us to read. AwhichBthatCwhatDthey 14 This is the very building _ Ive been looking for the whole morning AwhichBthatCwhereDin which 15 The time _ I spend on maths is much more than on English. AthatBwhenCat whichDduring which 16 Is th

19、at the reason _ he stated at the meeting? AwhichBwhyCforD what 17 This is one of the most interesting movies _ I have _ seen. Athat; everBwhich; neverCthat; neverDwhich; ever 第 4 页 共 10 页 Grammar定语从句讲解（二）定语从句讲解（二） 要要点点讲解讲解 一、“介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词” 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1. “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词” 引导定语从句时引导定语从句时, 关系代词只

20、能用关系代词只能用 which 指物或用指物或用 whom 指人指人, 即: 介词 + which / whom,并且并且which或或whom不能省。不能省。 The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. He is the person to whom you can turn for help. 2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用可用 that / which (指物指物) , that / whom / who (指人指人), 此时此时 可以把这些关系单词省略。可以把这些关系单词省略。 The

21、 gentleman (whom/ who/ that ) you told me about yesterday proved to be a thief. This is the pen ( which / that) I wrote the letter with. 3. 当关系代词作当关系代词作 look after ,look for , take care of ,see to 等短语动词的宾语时等短语动词的宾语时, 这些词中的这些词中的 介词不能提前介词不能提前. Here is the book ( that / which ) Im looking for. 4.介词介词+关

22、系代词关系代词”前可前可有有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词, 结构为：结构为：all, both, few, most, several, some 等等+ of whom/ which. 例：例：There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Shes got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses. In the basket

23、I find many apples, some of which have gone bad. China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 5. 介词介词+which/whom 不定式结构。如：不定式结构。如： The poor man has no house in which to live. = The poor man has no house in which he can live. = The

24、 poor man has no house to live in. 6. “介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词”结构中介词的选用结构中介词的选用 （1）根据动词选择动词选择介词 Whos the man (who / whom /that) you just shook hands _? = Whos the man_you just shook hands ? (2) 根据现行词现行词选择介词。此时介词和现行词之间构成习惯搭配，且介词一般位于关系 代词之前，和从句中的动词不存在逻辑和意义上的关系。 He stood by the window, _ _ he could see what wa

25、s happening outside. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was happening inside the house. There were two things _ which they took pride. 二 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法： 关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用， 又在从句中作状语， when, where 和 why 分别表示时 间，地点和原因。 1. when 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时如：time, day, week, year, m

26、onth, etc.用 when 在定语从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词 in /on/by/ during + which ”来代替 when， 还可以用 which 或 that 引导，which 或 that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 第 5 页 共 10 页 比较: (1) Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? (2) Do you still remember the days that/ which we spent in Qingdao? （作宾语） (3) Ther

27、e are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 2. where 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如：place, school, factory, room, etc.用 where 在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可用“介词 in/at 等+which”来代替 where, 还可用 which 或 that 引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: (1) This is the lab where/ in which he did the experiment. （作状语） (2) This is the park

28、which/that they visited last year. （作宾语） 注意： 如果定语从句分别修饰 point, situation, circumstances, stage, condition 和和 case 等表示 抽象意义的词，常用 where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。但并非所有 的情况都如此。 Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. The country is in the situation where a war will break

29、out at any time. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. Do you have anything to say for yourself? Yes, theres one point that we must insist on 3. why 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原

30、因的名词时，用 why 在定语从句中充当原因状语， 也可用“介词 for which”来代替 why. 当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用 which 或 that 引导。如： I dont know the reason why /for which he was fired. (作状语) Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语） 4. 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是 way 表示“方式” 、 “方法”时，用 that/in which/在定语从 句中充当方式状语。way 后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。

31、但如果关系词在句中作主 语或宾语时，则用 which 或 that 引导。 比较： (1) I dont understand the way in which/ that / they worked out the problem. (2) The way that /in which /he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. (3) The way that/ which / he explained to us was very simple. 5.判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词 方法

32、一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语， 就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. I will never forget the days_ I spent in the countryside. Ill never forget the days _ I spent in the countryside. 方法

33、二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关 第 6 页 共 10 页 系代词/关系副词。 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?D A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系 代词 (who, whom, that, whic

34、h, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。 6：注意：注意：in which case; during/ at which time; since when; from where 1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge.C A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this 2. The book was written in 1946, _ the

35、education system has witnessed great changes. D A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when 除了上述例题外，我们还会见到下面的例子： 1. At home, he never seems to have time until after 10:30 pm, by which time (and by that time) his children have gone to bed. 2. We were next-door neighbors for three years, during w

36、hich time (and during this/that time) we met only twice. 3. It occurred to him that it would save a lot of trouble to destroy the advertisement, in which case (but in that case), he would have to explain to Peter. 4. I was told my work was unsatisfactory, at which point (and at this/that point) I su

37、bmitted my resignation.被告知我的工作不能令人满意，闻讯后我便递交了辞呈。 5. He stood by the window, from where (and from there) he could see what was happening outside.他站在窗子旁边，从那儿他能看到外面发生的一切。 【小结点拨】【小结点拨】 根据上面的例句，我们不妨做出如下总结：带有 this, that 的短语，引导定语从句时，要将 this, that 变为 which； 带有 here, there 的短语， 引导定语从句时， 要将 here, there 变为 whe

38、re； 带有 then, now 的短语， 引导定语从句时， 要将 then, now 变为 when； 带有 ones 的短语， 引导定语从句时，要将 ones 变为 whose。 【巩固练习巩固练习】 （一）选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。 1. His father died in the year _ he was born. 2. He is unlikely to find the place _ he lived forty years ago. 3. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club? 4. Recent

39、ly I bought a beautiful vase _ price was quite reasonable. 5. The reason _ I came here is to get your help. 6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the name of _ I cannot remember. 7. I will never forget the day _ we first met. 8. Is this the factory _ you once worked for? 9. Is that the reason _ he

40、 gave for his terrible behavior? 10. The kind girl _ shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss. （二）改错 1. Is this the museum the one the exhibition was held?_ 2. That is not the hospital that I stayed last time._ 第 7 页 共 10 页 3. I am looking forward to the day which I become i

41、ndependent._ 4. Why do you believe a person once told so many lies?_ 5. Nobody will forget the earthquake happened in Sichuan._ 6. He is one of the students who is never late._ （三）单项填空 1. Do you know the reasonTom didnt come yesterday? A. whichB. whyC. whoD. that 2.After living in Paris for fifty ye

42、ars he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when 3. Is this the reasonshe gave for not finishing her homework yesterday? A. whyB. for whichC. thatD. to which 4. He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. wh

43、ereB. whichC. whileD. when 5. I dont like the way _ you speak to her. A. whichB. /C. of whichD. by which 6. The old man told us _ the days _ he was poor were gone. A. that, whenB. what, whenC. when, thatD. something, that 7. I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effec

44、t on my life. A. when; whichB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; that 8. I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big string onto one of the trees. A. whichB. whenC. whereD .that 9. We saw several natives walking towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and gl

45、asses. A. to whichB. to whomC. with whomD. with which 10. Lets put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. asB. thenC. ifD. when 11. We are living in an agemany things are done on computer. A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when 12. Winter is the time of year _ the days are short and

46、 nights are long. A. thatB. whichC. whenD. whose 13. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the city? A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. who 14.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom 15. The newly-built caf, the walls of

47、_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A. thatB. itC. whatD. which 16. Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time. A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which 17. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under

48、 repair. A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. that 18. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which 19. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in t

49、hat 20. China is the country _ he spent the best part of his life. A. whereB. whichC. in thatD. at which 21. Have you got anything _ belongs to me? A. whichB. thatC. of whichD. what 22. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. thatB. whichC. from thatD. from which 第 8 页 共 10 页 Grammar定语从句讲解

50、（三）定语从句讲解（三） 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只对其做一些附加说明， 如果去掉主句的意义 仍然完整，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，不能用不能用 that 引导引导 引导词引导词关系代词关系代词: who, whom, whose, which 关系副词：关系副词：when, where 例例:I have two brothers, who are both students. I have lost the bike, which I like very much. Lucy, whom you met at the party, wa