（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语选择性必修一Unit 2 The universal language 讲义（上）.docx

1、1 语言知识初探语言知识初探 I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1. _ v. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静_ n. 作曲家，作曲者 2. _ adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的drama n. 戏剧；戏剧艺术_ adv. 戏剧性地；引人注目地 3. _ vt. composer2. dramatic; drama; dramatically 3. combine; combination; combined 4. surroundings; surrounding; surround5. sorrow; sorrowful 6. adaptation; adaptab

2、le; adapt 2 II. 根据提示补全下列短语 1. a wide range of types 种类繁多 2. host countries 东道国，主办国 3. watch a music performance live 现场观看音乐表演 4. take me through the twists and turns of a classic story 使我领略一个经典故事的曲折 5. tear sb. apart 使（关系亲密的人）分离，分开 6. whisper to sb. 向某人低语 7. (be) overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝 8. have on

3、es roots in . 根植于，扎根于 9. big/huge fans of . 的狂热爱好者 10. It turns out +that 从句.原来，结果是，证明是 11. grow out of 产生于 12. leave sb. deep in thought 使某人陷入沉思 13. for good measure 作为额外增添；另外 14. be suggestive of 提示有/使想起/暗示 15. have the power to do sth.有能力/权力做某事 16. give the public more access to sth. 使公众更多地接触到 17

4、. put on a series of free concerts 举办一系列免费音乐会 18. deserve a mention =deserve to be mentioned 值得一提值得一提 重点知识点解析重点知识点解析 知识要点 1composevt. & vi. 作曲；vt. 撰写（信函、讲稿、诗歌等）vt. 组成（不用于进行时）；使镇静 (教材 P16) Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and

5、Chen Gang.昨晚，我观看了梁祝的演出，这是一首动听的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪、陈钢创 作。 【常见搭配】【常见搭配】compose a symphony 创作交响乐 compose a speech 写讲稿 be composed of =be made up of =consist of （整体）由组成 compose oneself =calm oneself down 使自己镇定下来使自己镇定下来 compose ones thoughts 镇定思绪镇定思绪 如：England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Bri

6、tain. =The island of Great Britain is composed of England, Scotland, and Wales. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。 Emma wrinkled her brows, making an effort to compose herself. 埃玛皱起了眉头,努力使自己镇定下来。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： composern. 作曲家 compositionn. U 成分，构成；作曲，创作；C（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. Mozarts compositions(c

7、ompose) are undoubtedly among the worlds greatest. 2. The committee is composed mainly of lawyers. 3 知识要点 2deservevt. 值得，应得，应受（不用于进行时） (教材 P16) Its a piece that really deserves to be heard. 这部作品真的值得一听。 【用法详解】【用法详解】deserve doing/to be done 值得被（主语通常为 sth.） deserve +n./pron. 代词 值得，应得 deserve to do sth.

8、 应该做某事（主语通常为 sb.） 如：His childrens books are classics that deserve knowing much better/to be much better known. 他的童书都是经典作品，值得为更多人所知晓。 The parents deserve to know the truth. 家长应该知道真相。 注意deserve 有时可用作反语，表示“罪有应得，活该”，常用于“get what sb. deserves”结构。如： People who are sent to prison for drunk driving get what

9、 they deserve. 那些因酒驾而锒铛入狱的人都是罪有应得。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： deserveda. 理所应当的，应得的 deservinga. 值得的 如：a well-deserved rest 应得的休息 a problem deserving of attention 值得关注的问题 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. He deserved _(win) the first prize because he had made enough preparations for the contest. 2. There is no doubt that th

10、e man is guilty and that he deserves _(punish). 【答案】【答案】1. to win2. punishing/punishment/to be punished 知识要点 3overcome (overcame-overcome) vt. 受到的极大影响（常用被动）；克服（困难），解决，战胜 (教材 P16) Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave. 不胜伤悲，她跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。 【用法详解】【用法详解】be overcome by/with . 被（某种情绪）控制；受到的极大影响 over

11、come the enemy/the difficulties/anxiety 战胜敌人、克服困难/焦虑 如：If you work hard, you will overcome this problem. 如果你努力的话，就会克服这个困难。 Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral. 在葬礼上，她的父母悲痛欲绝。 知识要点 4rely on/rely upon . =depend on/count on . 依赖，依靠；信任，信赖 (教材 P17) My host family are big fans of c

12、ountry music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 我寄宿家庭的一家人都是乡村音乐的狂热爱好者，所以我总依赖他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。 【用法详解】【用法详解】rely on/upon sb./sth.依靠某人或某物 rely on sb. for sth.依靠某人提供某物 rely on/upon sb. to do sth. rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某事 rely on/upon it that 从句指望/相信某人做某事 如：You

13、shouldnt always rely just on the Internet for your research. 你不能总是依靠网络进行研究。 4 I can rely on David to keep my secret. 我信任大卫，他一定会为我保密。 You can rely on it that I can finish the work on time. 你相信我好了，我会及时完成工作的。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）reliablea. 可信赖的；可靠的（=dependable） 如：a reliable friend （2）reliance n. 依赖 【即

14、时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. We should rely on ourselves rather than others _ what we need. 2. You may rely on/upon _ that the lecture hall built last year can admit 1,000 people at a time. 3. Our information comes from a _(rely) source. 【答案】【答案】1. for2. it3. reliable 知识要点 5surroundings =environmentn. 周围，环境 (教

15、材 P17) The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings . 简单的曲调和唯美自然风光很容易使人联想到乡村环境 如：live in pleasant surroundings 生活在令人愉快的环境中 At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 一开始，新环境让我难以忍受。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）surroundingadj. 定定 周围的周围的，附近的

16、；与附近的；与有关的有关的 如：the surrounding area(s) 周边地区 the surrounding scenery 四周的风景 the evidence surrounding the case 与案子有关的证据 （2）surroundvt. 围绕，包围 常见搭配be surrounded with/by 被包围 如：Armed police surrounded a house in the street. 武装警察包围了街上的一栋房子。 To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. 对有些人

17、来说，幸福就是一直有家人和朋友陪伴在身边。 知识要点 6guaranteevt. 保证，担保n. C 保证，保证书，起保证作用的事物 (教材 P17) I guarantee youll enjoy it. 我保证你会喜欢它的! 【用法详解】【用法详解】guarantee sb. sth. 向某人保证某事 guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事 guarantee that . 保证 under guarantee 在保修期内 give sb. a guarantee that . 同位语从句 向某人担保/保证 a guarantee of . 的保障/保证 如：He will

18、guarantee us possession of the house by May. 他保证我们在五月可搬入这间房子。 5 The radio is guaranteed for twelve months.这台收音机保修期 12 个月。 I guarantee/promise that youll enjoy yourself.我包你玩得痛快。 【即时巩固】【即时巩固】翻译句子 我们保证克服困难，按时完成任务。 _ _ _ 【答案】【答案】We guarantee to overcome the difficulty and finish the task on time. We gua

19、rantee that we will overcome the difficulty and finish the task on time. We give a guarantee that we will overcome the difficulty and finish the task on time. 知识要点知识要点 7adaptationn. C 改编本，改写本；U 适应 (教材 P19) The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghais Yellow river Cantata, tells how the Chinese

20、people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders. 这部音乐作品，改编自冼星海的 黄河大合唱，讲述中国人民是如何在中国共产党的带领下努力打败日本侵略者的。 【用法详解】【用法详解】adaptation to . 对的适应 如：a screen adaptation of Shakespeares “Macbeth” 莎士比亚悲剧麦克佩斯的电影改写本 the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions 沙漠物种对炎热环

21、境的适应 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： adaptvt. 改编，改写vt./vi.（使）适应（新情况） 常见搭配adaptAfor B把 A 改编成 B adaptAfrom B把 B 改编成 A被动 be adapted from .由.改编而来 adapt (oneself) to .（使自己）适应 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings(surround). 2. Three of her novels have been adapted for televis

22、ion. 3. 知识要点 8 和 9consist of,defend (教材 P19) It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”. 它由四个乐章组成：黄河船夫曲黄河颂黄 河愤保卫黄河。 【用法详解】【用法详解】(1)consist of . =be made up of . =be composed of . （整体）由组成/

23、构成 如：Rock music consists of many different styles. 注意不用于被动语态或进行时态，但可以用 consisting of 作后置定语。如： Its a simple dish to prepare, consisting of rice and vegetables. 归纳拓展相关短语： consist in . =lie in . 存在于；在于 6 如：The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. 这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。 True education d

24、oes not consist in simply being taught facts. 真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。 be consistent with . 和一致；相符合 如：The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research. 这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。 【用法详解】【用法详解】(2)defendvt. & vi. 保卫，防御；vt. 辩解，辩白，为辩护 常见搭配defend . against/from . 保护/保卫免受之害（=protect . from .） defend against

25、/from . 抵御 defend oneself 自卫自卫 defend sb./sth. 为某人/某事辩解 如：Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 已派出部队去守卫边疆。 It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack. 防御全面进攻是不可能的。 When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. 那条狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。 归纳拓展词性转换 defensiveadj. 防御的 defendern. 保卫者，卫士

26、；辩护者 defence/defensen. 防御（物）；保卫；辩解 常见搭配in defence of . 为了保卫 come to ones defence 为某人辩护 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. _(consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometers with more than 4, 000 students and teachers. 2. True wealth does not consist _ what we have but what we are.

27、 3. Our actions must be _(consist) with words. 4. Politicians are skilled at defending themselves _ their critics. 从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。 5. I have to say in her _(defend) that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。 【答案】【答案】1. Consisting2. in3. with4. against5. defence (教材教材 P16) Whe

28、n the two lover, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯与祝英台这一对恋人初次相见时，音乐轻柔愉悦，像是对观众呢喃私语。 【句式剖析句式剖析】此句中，开头为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“the music is light and pleasant”为主句；as if 部分为 as if 引导的方式状语从句的省略形式，as if 后省略了 it is。 【考点提炼考点提炼】状语从句的省略

29、7 连连 词词 由 when, while, as, before, after, until/till, once 等引导的时间状语从句 由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句 由 although, though, even if/though 等引导的让步状语从句 由 as, as if/though 等引导的方式状语从句 由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句 在以上连词引导的状语从句中，如果： 主从句的主从句的主语相同主语相同或或从句主语为从句主语为 it，且，且从句的谓语动词为从句的谓语动词为 be 动词动词时，时， 则从句部分省去“主语 + be 动词”，只留“连词连

30、词 + 表语表语”的结构。即有： 连连 词词 + adj./adv. + n. + doing/done/to do 非谓语非谓语 + 介词短语介词短语 如：If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you. Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.（连词+形容词） While (he was) a young boy, he was alwa

31、ys ready to help others.（连词+名词） Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.（连词+现在分词） The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.（连词+过去分词） He stood up as if (he were) to say something.（连词+不定式） She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.（连词+介

32、词短语） 注意当从句主语和主句主语不一致不一致时，从句部分要么使用完全形式完全形式，要么用独立主格结构独立主格结构来表达。如： When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. When _(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year. 2. He wont go there with us unless _(invite). 3. The concert was a great succ

33、ess than _(expect). 4. She looked anxious as though _ trouble. 她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。 【答案】【答案】1. completed2. invited3. expected4. in . 词汇练习词汇练习 （一）单词拼写 1. He w_ to her so that no one else could hear what he said. 2.Asmall gesture can have a d_ impact on others less fortunate. 3.At the funeral, everyone wa

34、s w_ with sadness over the young boys death. 4. To his great s_, his grandfather died in a car accident yesterday. 8 5. Faced so confusing situation, the young boy hardly c_ his thoughts. 6. If you are in trouble, you can always _(依靠) on Bob to help you out. 7. He had a _(和蔼的，和善的) manner and was a g

35、ifted public speaker. 8. I have to say in her _(辩护) that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 9. I think the team from our city played well and _(应得) the victory. 10. The salesman _(保证) that the TV would not break in the first 5 years with normal use. 【答案答案】1. whispered2. dramatic3. weeping4. sorro

36、w5. composed6. rely/depend/count 7. pleasant8. defence9. deserved10. guaranteed （二）单句语法填空 1. His latest book, I think, deserves _(read) several times. 2. _(pleasant) things were whispered about Joe Bidens election victory. 3. Mum whispered _ us, “Be quiet! Your little sisters sleeping.” 4. Events co

37、uld have developed in a _(dramatic) different way. 5. The couple _(weep) at the bad news that their hero son died in the battle. 6. Eleven people were killed in the highway accident, which was a _(sorrow) event. 7. John is very _(rely) - if he promises to do something hell do it. 8. The manager firm

38、ly believes _(transform) is not only a choice, but also a strategy. 9. _(overcome) by curiosity, the boy looked out of the window. 10. To be successful in living abroad, you must learn to change yourself to fit in your new _(surround). 【答案答案】1. reading/to be read2. Unpleasant3. to4. dramatically5. w

39、ept6. sorrowful7. reliable 8. transformation9. Overcome10. surroundings II. 根据根据汉语提示将句子补充完整汉语提示将句子补充完整 1. 在所有我们应该感激的人当中，我们的父母是最值得我们感激（appreciation）的人。 Among all the people we should appreciate，our parents are the ones who _. 2. 你可以相信，这个作曲家一定会及时出现的。他一直是一个守时的人。 You can _ the composer will appear in ti

40、me. He is always a punctual man. 4. 面对这些困难，许多学生发现自己不能全心全意地学习。 _，many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their study. 5. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。 It took him a while _ the new surroundings. 【答案答案】1. deserve our appreciation most2. rely on it that3. Faced with these difficulties 4. to ada

41、pt himself to III. 完形填空完形填空 One morning in September 2015, Shirley Curry woke up to a surprise. Her email inbox had been31with 11, 000 emails from strangers32on her first Skyrim video. For the then 79-year-old Shirley, the sudden wave of33 was overwhelming（压倒性的）,I hadnt even thought of anything like

42、 that happening so I didnt know what to do.” So Shirley did the only thing that seemed34to her: She began opening each email, one after another, and 9 writing back.35, Shirleys dread（恐惧） turned to joy. “When I realized the kind of comments I was getting, it got really36. Some of them were really tou

43、ching, and I started getting attached to these people. They were all so 37.” That Skyrim video was her first38into the pantheon（万神殿） of YouTube celebrities. The formula（公 式） for becoming a popular YouTube gamer is about as39as the meaning of life.40Shirley is just Shirley，a twice-widowed mother of f

44、our and grandmother of nine who lives in Virginia. “I have my own picture on there and I talk about my age,41I wanted my viewers to know me and I wanted to know them. Im not going to hide behind some cartoonish-looking avatar（化身） and never mention the42that Im an older woman. Shirleys43on YouTube is

45、nt because shes a skilled gamer or has witty commentary. Its because shes sympathetic and accepting. She creates a44space where no matter who you are, you are still her sweet45. Im Grandma to all of them,” she says matter-of-factly. “Thats the young ones, to those in their 30s and 40s, and even the4

46、6ones - all of them call me Grandma. You cant help but47about them. There are children who make comments in such a（n）48way that makes me feel like they dont have anyone. And then I get people who say that they are49or told that they cant do this or that, and I inspire them to go50and do whatever the

47、y want to do.” 31. A. coveredB. blockedC. floodedD. greeted 32. A. debatingB. commentingC. disagreeingD. relying 33. A. terrorB. oppositionC. supportD. attention 34. A. naturalB. hopefulC. valuableD. regular 35. A. OriginallyB. BasicallyC. RegularlyD. Slowly 36. A. absurdB. funC. toughD. awkward 37.

48、 A. similarB. sweetC. strangeD. ordinary 38.A. studyB. escapeC. stepD. transformation 39. A. mysteriousB. simpleC. instructiveD. useful 40. A.AndB. ThenC. SoD. But 41. A. onceB. thoughC. becauseD. if 42. A. factB. riskC. promiseD. choice 43. A. focusB. trustC. failureD. success 44. A. darkB. emptyC.

49、 physicalD. warm 45. A. colleagueB. assistantC. grandkidD. relative 46. A. closerB. olderC. poorerD. richer 47. A. talkB. pityC. careD. read 48.A. sadB. effectiveC. properD. positive 49.A. brought upB. put downC. carried awayD. piled up 50. A.aboutB. acrossC. aroundD. ahead 【答案答案】31-35BBDAD36-40 BBC

50、AD41-45 CADDC46-50 BCABD 10 IV. 七选五七选五 Managing your time is a lot like managing your money.36With 24 hours a day multiplied by seven days a week, your weekly time budget is 168 hours per week. Step No. 1:37 Estimate(估 计 ) the amount of time per week you spend on each activity, such as class time, a