(2021新牛津译林版)高中英语选择性必修一-Unit 4 单元语法:非谓语to-infinitivesverb-ing and verb-ed forms学案 .docx
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1、译林版选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 单元语法-非谓语 to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms Activity 1读文探究 阅读教材 48 页的短文,找出使用了 to-infinitives,verb-ing and verb-ed forms 的句子。 (1)作主语:As a result,celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry. (2)作表语:The aim of the Romantics was t
2、o break with the ideals of the 18th century. Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science. (3)作宾语:They refused to follow rigid rules. Instead,they advocated going back to nature. (4)作主语补足语:Large fact
3、ories were being built and people were made to work long hours. (5)作定语:During that time,England was undergoing a process called industrialization. (6)作状语:Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature,the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literat
4、ure. Activity 2感悟规律 (1)to-infinitives forms 指发生在未来的行为;verb-ing forms 指正在进行着的行为;verb-ed forms 指过去的行为。 (2)总的来说,verb-ing forms 表达主动的意义;verb-ed forms 表达被动的意义。 (3)to-infinitives forms 可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语或状语;verb-ing forms 可以 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语;verb-ed forms 可以作表语、定语、补语或 状语。 Activity 3语法精析 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词
5、通常指动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式,在句中可用作主语、宾 语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表: 功能 形式 主语宾语表语定语状语补语 动词不定式 动词-ing 形式 动词-ed 形式 1.非谓语动词作主语:动词不定式与动词-ing 形式 (1)动词不定式和动词-ing 形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语 it 代 替,不定式置于句末。如: Collecting stamps is my hobby. It is my hobby to collect stamps. (2)动词-ing 形式有时也用形式主语 it 代替,动词-ing 形式置于句末。如: I
6、t is no good pretending to know what you do not know. It is no use complaining about everything day by day. 2非谓语动词作宾语:动词不定式与动词-ing 形式 (1)在 afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise,refuse,wish 等动词后,常接动词不定式作宾语。如: Mike offered to help me. Tom pr
7、omised to go with me. (2)在 advise,admit,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,practise,suggest 等动词以及 burst out,give up,insist on,keep on,put off 等短语后,常接动词-ing 形式作宾语。如: I considered going to see him in person. Everyone burst out laughing. (3)在 like,love,begin,start 等动词后,既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动词-ing 形 式作宾语,但二者区
8、别不大,常可以交换使用。如: I like singing.I like to sing. It started raining.It started to rain. (4)在 remember,forget,regret,try,mean 等动词后,既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以 接动词-ing 形式作宾语,但二者意义不同。如: I remember seeing him before.我记得曾经见过他。 Remember to tell him about it.记得把这件事告诉他。 I now regret telling the lie.我现在后悔说谎了。 I regret to
9、tell you the bad news.我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。 (5)介词后一般只接动词-ing 形式作宾语。如: How about coming with us? 3非谓语动词作表语:动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)动词不定式可以在句中用作表语,说明主语所指的内容,动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。 如: My purpose is to help them. My hope is for all members to come together. (2)动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式可以在句中用作表语,说明主语的状态,动词-ing 形式还可 以表示主语所指的
10、内容。如: He is very concerned with the matter. The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the time. This is asking for trouble. 4非谓语动词作定语:动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事, 动词-ing 形式作定语常表示正在发生的事, 动词 -ed 形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如: I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. The boy standing th
11、ere is my friend. Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground. The student dressed in white is my daughter. (2)动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作定语时可以有被动形式。如: The house to be built in the square will be a new library. Do you see the house being built over there? 5非谓语动词作状语:动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者
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