（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语选择性必修一-Unit 4 单元语法：非谓语to-infinitivesverb-ing and verb-ed forms学案 .docx

1、译林版选择性必修第一册 Unit 4 单元语法-非谓语 to-infinitives， verb-ing and verb-ed forms Activity 1读文探究 阅读教材 48 页的短文，找出使用了 to-infinitives，verb-ing and verb-ed forms 的句子。 (1)作主语：As a result，celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry. (2)作表语：The aim of the Romantics was t

2、o break with the ideals of the 18th century. Romantic poets were often not pleased with what was happening in their country and they were not always interested in the improvements in science. (3)作宾语：They refused to follow rigid rules. Instead，they advocated going back to nature. (4)作主语补足语：Large fact

3、ories were being built and people were made to work long hours. (5)作定语：During that time，England was undergoing a process called industrialization. (6)作状语：Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature，the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literat

4、ure. Activity 2感悟规律 (1)to-infinitives forms 指发生在未来的行为；verb-ing forms 指正在进行着的行为；verb-ed forms 指过去的行为。 (2)总的来说，verb-ing forms 表达主动的意义；verb-ed forms 表达被动的意义。 (3)to-infinitives forms 可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语或状语；verb-ing forms 可以 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语；verb-ed forms 可以作表语、定语、补语或 状语。 Activity 3语法精析 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词

5、通常指动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式，在句中可用作主语、宾 语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表： 功能 形式 主语宾语表语定语状语补语 动词不定式 动词-ing 形式 动词-ed 形式 1.非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词-ing 形式 (1)动词不定式和动词-ing 形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语 it 代 替，不定式置于句末。如： Collecting stamps is my hobby. It is my hobby to collect stamps. (2)动词-ing 形式有时也用形式主语 it 代替，动词-ing 形式置于句末。如： I

6、t is no good pretending to know what you do not know. It is no use complaining about everything day by day. 2非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing 形式 (1)在 afford， agree， arrange， choose， claim， desire， expect， fail， hope， intend， offer， pretend， promise，refuse，wish 等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。如： Mike offered to help me. Tom pr

7、omised to go with me. (2)在 advise，admit，avoid，consider，deny，enjoy，finish，practise，suggest 等动词以及 burst out，give up，insist on，keep on，put off 等短语后，常接动词-ing 形式作宾语。如： I considered going to see him in person. Everyone burst out laughing. (3)在 like，love，begin，start 等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing 形 式作宾语，但二者区

8、别不大，常可以交换使用。如： I like singing.I like to sing. It started raining.It started to rain. (4)在 remember，forget，regret，try，mean 等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以 接动词-ing 形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。如： I remember seeing him before.我记得曾经见过他。 Remember to tell him about it.记得把这件事告诉他。 I now regret telling the lie.我现在后悔说谎了。 I regret to

9、tell you the bad news.我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。 (5)介词后一般只接动词-ing 形式作宾语。如： How about coming with us? 3非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。 如： My purpose is to help them. My hope is for all members to come together. (2)动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的状态，动词-ing 形式还可 以表示主语所指的

10、内容。如： He is very concerned with the matter. The book was so interesting that he almost forgot the time. This is asking for trouble. 4非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事， 动词-ing 形式作定语常表示正在发生的事， 动词 -ed 形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如： I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. The boy standing th

11、ere is my friend. Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground. The student dressed in white is my daughter. (2)动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作定语时可以有被动形式。如： The house to be built in the square will be a new library. Do you see the house being built over there? 5非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者

12、结果，动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式作状语可以表示 时间、原因、伴随等意义。如： Susan came to see me. She lived to be one hundred. I sat there waiting for him. Deeply moved，I decided to follow his example. (2)动词-ing 形式具有主动意义，动词-ed 形式具有被动意义。如： She was in the kitchen preparing dinner. Compared with you，we still have a long way to go. (3

13、)动词-ing 形式作状语可用完成式。如： Having finished the work，they had a good rest. 6非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词-ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 (1)在 expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn 等动词后，常接“名词/代词动 词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。如： We can always expect him to help us. He warned us to be careful. (2)在 see，hear，notice，watch，feel 等动词后，可以接不带 to

14、 的动词不定式作补语，表示 动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing 形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。如： I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 (3)动词-ed 形式作补语常表示被动意义。如： How would you like your hair cut? We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. 6.练习 .单句语法填空 1When we got a call _(sa

15、y) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. 2Earth Day，_(mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 3_(learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future. 4You dont have to run fast or for long _(

16、see) the benefit. 5I still remember _(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 6I didnt mean_(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying it. 1.saying 2marked3Learning 4to see5visiting 6to eat

17、 .语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1._(write) by you.In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2._(see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others.After 3._(read) this letter，I feel quite 4._(shock) at your expectation on me.I also

18、 feel ashamed for not 5._(perform) well to meet your demand before.I still remember when I was in primary school ， I failed 6._(apply) myself to studying.You didnt blame me at all.Instead，you taught me that 7._(study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8._(try) hard.Only w

19、hen I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9._(find) I didnt do well for myself.I cant help 10._(express) my gratitude. 1.written 2 seeing 3reading4 shocked5having performed/performing 6 to apply 7 studying 8 to try 9 to find 1 expressing .单句语法填空 1S

20、ometimes we find her _(drive) the tractor on the farm. 2Li Lei is asking his uncle，an English teacher，_(help) him think of a foreign name. 3Hi! Li Hong.I didnt see you at the party. Oh，I was busy _(get) ready for the coming exams. 4The old man enjoys _(listen) to the singing of the birds in the park

21、. 5The girl _(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate. 6 Books _(write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students. 7I found the door _(close) when I got home. 8When they met again，they were too excited _(say) a word. 9How long did it take you_(do) your homework yesterday?

22、 About half an hour. 10They represent the earth _(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 1.driving 2 to help 3 getting 4 listening 5 standing 6 written 7 closed 8 to say9 to do10 coming .单句写作 1走近湖边，我们发现许多人在谈论运动。(v.-ing 作状语和宾语补足语) _ 2我知道她很难过，但我不后悔告诉她这件事。(v.-ing 作宾语) _ 3从这个方面看，问题并不像人们一

23、般料想的那样严重。(v.-ed 作状语) _ 4我震惊得说不出话来。(v.-ed 作宾语补足语) _ 5这个系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。(to do 作定语) _ 6文学是一笔有待发掘的巨大财富。(to do 作宾语) _ 1.Approaching the lake，we found many people talking about exercise. 2I know she is upset but I dont regret telling her about it. 3Seen in this aspect，the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 4I was so shocked that I found myself lost for words. 5The system has the ability to run more than one programme at the same time. 6Literature is a great treasure waiting to be discovered.