（2019新教材）外研版高中英语必修一英语第一讲　句子成分学案.doc

1、第一讲第一讲句子成分句子成分 一、主语、谓语 温故考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1Class begins at eight. 答案：主语谓语 2The_teachers are_having a meeting. 答案：主语谓语 3At five oclock, they left. 答案：主语谓语 4Put_up your hand if you have any questions. 答案：谓语谓语 5Smoking does harm to your health. 答案：主语谓语 6There is a_pen on the desk. 答案：谓语主语 7Who teac

2、hes you maths, Xiao Hua? 答案：主语谓语 8This_story happened in London. 答案：主语谓语 9The_rich should_help the poor. 答案：主语谓语 10 This weekend, some_of_us are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers. 答案：主语谓语 知新讲一讲 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 根据各个部分在句子中所 起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。 1主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说

3、明的对象， 是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语 有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。例如： The students are listening to me carefully. 学生们在认真听我讲课。 They want to learn English well. 他们想学好英语。 2谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。 (1)简单谓语： 由一个动词或动词短语构成， 不管是什么时态、 语态、语气。例如： He practises running every morning. 他每天早上练习跑步。 Dont play in the st

4、reet. 不要在街上玩。 He is doing his homework now. 他现在正在做家庭作业。 (2)复合谓语：由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带 to 的 动词不定式构成。例如： You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 He had to stay at home. 他不得不待在家里。 由系动词加表语构成。例如： We are students.我们是学生。 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分) 1He has_become more and more interested in English. 答案

5、：主语谓语 2The_living should_go_on_with his work. 答案：主语谓语 3He practises speaking English every morning. 答案：主语谓语 4The_child has_been_brought_up by his grandmother. 答案：主语谓语 5To_see is_to_believe. 答案：主语谓语 6It is_necessary to_help_him_out. 答案：形式主语谓语真正主语 7He looked_after the children carefully. 答案：主语谓语 8Four

6、_plus_four is_eight. 答案：主语谓语 9He can_speak English very well. 答案：主语谓语 10Playing_football in the street is_dangerous. 答案：主语谓语 .汉译英 1他昨天下午到达海南。 答案：Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan. 2我们经常在课堂上说英语。 答案：We often speak English in class. 3掌握一门外语是有必要的。 答案：It is necessary to master a foreign language. 4张教

7、授是著名的科学家。 答案：Professor Zhang is a famous scientist. 5我们打算今晚去拜访他。 答案：We are going to call on him tonight. 二、宾语、表语 温故考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1They visited an_exhibition yesterday. 答案：宾语 2Theheavyrainpreventedmefrom arriving_at_school_on_time. 答案：宾语宾语 3How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 答案：宾语

8、宾语 4I enjoy listening_to_pop_music. 答案：宾语 5She looks unhappy today. 答案：表语 6He often went hungry in the past. 答案：表语 7His job is to_teach_English. 答案：表语 8Time is up. The class is over. 答案：表语表语 9He remained in_poor_health all those years. 答案：表语 10These apples taste sweet. 答案：表语 知新讲一讲 1宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作

9、的对象或承受者，一般位于 及物动词(短语)或介词后面。例如： He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语) 他打算买本词典。 We should learn from him. 我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语) 宾语种类：(1)双宾语：间接宾语直接宾语，间接宾语一般 指人，直接宾语一般指物。 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. 请把你的词典借给我用一用。 (2)复合宾语：宾语宾补。 例如：He asked me to come.他请我来的。 2表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状 态，它一般位于系动

10、词(如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、动词的ing 形式、 不定式、介词短语、副词及从句充当。 例如： Is it yours？那是你的吗？ The books are interesting.这些书很有趣。 I wasnt at home last night.昨晚我没在家。 The weather has turned cold.天气已变冷。 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中的宾语和表语(画线部分) 1His job is to_train_swimmers. 答案：表语 2He seems inte

11、rested in the plan. 答案：表语 3He handed me the_newspaper. 答案：间接宾语直接宾语 4The war was over. 答案：表语 5The window is broken. 答案：表语 .汉译英 1我的爱好是画画。 答案：My hobby is painting. 2他好像知道真相。 答案：He seems to know the truth. 3他不喜欢这项工作。 答案：He doesnt like the job. 4我给你买了一些巧克力。 答案：I have bought you some chocolate. 5这工厂 60%的工

12、人是年轻人。 答案：60% of the workers in this factory are young. 三、定语、状语、补语 温故考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1 China is a developing country, while America is a developed country. 答案：定语定语 2He is reading an article about_how_to_learn_English. 答案：定语 3The boy who_is_shouting_there is her brother. 答案：定语定语 4Light travels m

13、ost_quickly. 答案：状语 5He has lived in the city for_ten_years. 答案：状语 6He goes to school by_bus. 答案：状语 7 In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_I must work harder. 答案：状语状语 8Dont leave the window open. 答案：宾补 9I heard him go_out. 答案：宾补 10His father named him Dong_Ming. 答案：宾补 知新讲一讲 1定语：(Attribute)：定语起修饰限制名词

14、或代词的作用。 一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定 式、分词(短语)或句子充当。例如： Dalian is a beautiful city. 大连是一个美丽的城市。 The girl with glasses is diligent. 戴眼镜的女孩很勤奋。 The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那人是我们的老师。 Is there any difference between spoken English and written English? 英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？ I have a lot of hom

15、ework to do. 我有许多作业要做。 2状语(Adverbial)：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整 个句子，说明动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等，一般由副词、 介词短语、动词不定式，动词的ing 形式或从句充当。例如： Im very pleased to see you. 见到你我非常高兴。 Ill be back in a while. 我一会儿就回来。 We go home twice a month. 我们每月回家两次。 Being fat, he cant walk long. 因为身体很胖，他走不了多远。 He

16、works hard every day to pass the exam. 为了通过考试，他天天刻苦学习。 3宾语补足语(Object Complement)：用来对宾语作补充说 明，可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词短语等充当。 例如： They painted their boat white. 他们把船涂成白色。 Let the fresh air in. 让新鲜空气进来。 You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。 We saw her entering the room. 我们见她进入房间。 We

17、found everything in the lab in good order. 我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。 温故知新练一练 .指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1He is a lovely boy. 答案：定语 2There are many women teachers in our school. 答案：定语定语 3Our monitor is always the first to_enter_the_classroom. 答案：定语定语 4He is playing there happily. 答案：状语状语 5I shall go there if_it_doesn

18、t_rain. 答案：状语状语 6The story happened in_Beijing. 答案：状语 7He was so tired that_he_fell_asleep_immediately. 答案：状语 8His coming late made his teacher unhappy. 答案：宾补 9Please keep the dog out. 答案：宾补 10When he woke up, he found himself under_the_bed. 答案：宾补 .汉译英 1我父母都是教师。 答案：My parents are both teachers. 2你为什么不买那个红色的呢？ 答案：Why dont you buy the red one? 3我两周没回家了。 答案：I havent been home for two weeks. 4放学后，他发现他妈妈在校门口等着他。 答案：After school, he found his mother waiting for him at the school gate. 5小明通常步行去上学。 答案：Xiao Ming usually goes to school on foot.