（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT4 BODY LANGUAGE SectionⅠ导学讲义.docx

1、UNIT 4BODY LANGUAGE 背景导学 肢体语言(又称身体语言)是指通过头、眼、颈、手、肘、臂、身、胯、足等人体部位 的协调活动来传达人物的思想,形象地借以表情达意的一种沟通方式。在不同的文化中,肢 体语言的含义可能有一定的差异,因此在跨文化交流中正确理解肢体语言是十分有必要的, 也是十分重要的。 When we communicate with others, we do not only express ourselves through words, but also through our tones of voice, facial expressions and body

2、 language. In fact, many scholars believe that far more information is communicated non-verbally (非口头地). Body language is just an important part of non-verbal communication. Learning another language is more than just learning its words and grammar; it also involves learning another culture. We lear

3、n much of our body language before we learn to speak from the time we are children. Body language varies from culture to culture, so its important for us to pay attention. Sometimes, cultural differences in appropriate body language can cause discomfort or misunderstanding too. For example, there ar

4、e definite cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two speakers. If you are used to keeping your distance from people, you will feel very uncomfortable when people get close to you while talking at a party. We call this the “personal comfort zone”. Another common example of

5、misunderstanding is the use of a smile. In some Asian cultures, a smile can show embarrassment or apology. However, smiling at a teacher who is unhappy with you is probably not a good idea in most English-speaking cultures! So its worth learning the cultural differences in body language. Understandi

6、ng any cultural or regional attitudes can help you improve your communicative skills. 【译文】 当我们与他人交流时,我们不仅通过语言来表达自己,而且还通过我们的语调、面部表 情和肢体语言来表达自己。事实上,许多学者认为更多的信息是通过非语言的方式传达的。 肢体语言只是非言语交际的一个重要组成部分。 学习另一种语言不仅仅是学习它的词汇和语法;它还包括学习另一种文化。从我们还是 孩子的时候起,在学会说话之前,我们就学会了很多肢体语言。肢体语言因文化而异,所以注 意它对我们来说是重要的。 有时,恰当的肢体语言中的文

7、化差异也会引起不适或误解。例如,在两个说话者之间应 该保持多远的距离上存在着明显的文化差异。如果你习惯与人保持距离,当人们在聚会上聊 天时靠近你,你会感到非常不舒服。我们称之为“个人舒适区”。 另一个常见的误解是微笑。在一些亚洲文化中,微笑可以表现出尴尬或道歉。然而,在 大多数讲英语的文化中,对一个对你不满意的老师微笑可能不是一个好主意! 因此,学习肢体语言的文化差异是值得的。了解尽可能多的文化或地区的态度有助于提 高你的语言交际能力。 Section Reading and Thinking .课标单词 1.单词拼写 interaction/ntrkn/n.交流;相互影响 interpret

8、/ntprt/vt.把理解(解释)为 vi. 脸颊 bow/ba/vi.鞠躬;点头 vt.低(头) waist/west/n.腰;腰部 fake/fek/adj.假装的;假的;冒充的 2.根据英文释义选词填空 barrier;favour;gesture;identical;witness gesture:a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning witness:a person who sees sth. happen and is able to

9、 describe it to other people favour:to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth., etc. to another barrier:an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another identical:similar in every detail 3.词汇拓展 vary/veri/vi.(根据情况)变化;改变various/veris/adj.各种不同的;各种各样的 variety/

10、vrati/n.变化;多样化;(同一事物的)不同种类 appropriate/prprit/adj.合适的;恰当的appropriately/prpritli/adv.适当地;合适地 approve/pruv/vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过approval/pruvl/n.赞成;认可 demonstrate/demnstret/vt.表现;表达;说明;证明 demonstration/demnstren/n.示范;证明 employ/mpl/vt.使用;应用;雇用employer/mpl(r)/n.雇主employee/mpli/n. 雇员;雇工employment/mplmnt/n.雇用

11、;使用;就业 differ/df(r)/vi.相异;不同于different/dfrnt/adj.不同的difference/dfrns/n.差异;不 同 anger/(r)/n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒angry/ri/adj.生气的 reliable/rlabl/adj.可靠的;可信赖的rely/rla/vi.依靠;依赖 .情境词块 1.vary from culture to culture因文化而异 2.be appropriate to 适合 3.make eye contact 眼神交流 4.by contrast 相比之下 5.approve of赞成;同意 6.demon

12、strate respect 表示尊敬 7.employ the gesture 用这个手势 8.by comparison 比较起来 9.shake hands 握手 10.get through difficult situations 渡过难关 11.break down barriers 消除障碍 12.ask for help 寻求帮助 13.start a conversation 开启对话 14.feel down 感到沮丧 15.make inferences 推理;推断 .情境佳句 1. 句型公式状语从句的省略 教材原句In Japan, it may demonstrate

13、 respect to look down when talking to an older person. 尝试翻译在日本,和年长的人讲话时目光向下表示尊敬。 2. 句型公式动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词 教材原句 In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. 尝试翻译在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家,人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。 3. 句型公式make+宾语+宾语补足语 教材原句 Experts suggest smiling

14、at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. 尝试翻译专家建议对着镜子里的自己微笑来让自己感到更快乐、更坚强。 4. 句型公式否定词+比较级 教材原句 And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 尝试翻译如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 .文本理解 Step 1Reading for the main

15、idea What is the main idea of the text? A.Different cultures have different body language. B.Smile is the universal body language. C.Some body language is the same in the world. D.Body language can give us information. 答案D Step 2Reading for the structure Fill in the following blanks with proper word

16、s. Step 3Reading for the details Choose the best answer according to the text. 1.What is the purpose of the second paragraph? A.To tell us how important body language is. B.To show an identical gesture may have different meanings in different cultures. C.To stop men and women making eye contact whil

17、e talking. D.To remind us to look down while talking to an older person to show respect. 答案B 2.What does the gesture “OK” mean in France? A.Money.B.Rudeness. C.Zero.D.Favour. 答案C 3.In which country do people kiss each other on the cheek when they meet? A.Russia.B.Japan. C.Bulgaria.D.Albania. 答案A 4.W

18、hich statement does the author possibly agree with? A.Never too old to learn. B.Four eyes see more than two. C.Every country has its own custom. D.When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 答案D 做推理判断的技巧 有些内容在文章中没有直接阐述,而是需要我们根据文章中的线索来做出推断,如本题, 我们需要在理解整篇文章的基础上,推断作者的写作意图。 .难句突破 1.图解难句 自我分析这是一个主从复合句;从句一是关系代词 th

19、at 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 way;从 句二是一个定语从句,省略了关系代词 that/which,修饰先行词 culture。 尝试翻译关键是以一种适合你所处的文化的方式使用肢体语言。 2.图解难句 自我分析这是一个主从复合句;从句一是 who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 someone;从句 二作动词 think 的宾语。 尝试翻译在日本,一个人看到另一个人用这个手势,他可能认为这意味着钱。 .文本复述 Step 1Question Answering 根据课文内容回答下列问题。 1.How many ways can give us information about other p

20、eople in our interactions? And what are they? Two. Words and body language. 2.Is body language the same in different cultures? Please give some examples. No, it varies from culture to culture, such as making eye contact, the gesture for “OK”, and the gestures we use for “yes” and “no”. 3.Please list

21、 some gestures which have the same meaning everywhere. The gestures for “sleep” and “I am full”. 4.Does smiling have different meanings in communicating with others? Yes, it does. Step 2Text Retelling 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。 Words and body language can both give us information about other people

22、 in our interactions. However, body language varies from culture to culture. Making eye contact, the gesture for “OK”, and the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ from culture to culture. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere, such as the gestures for “sleep” and “I am full”.

23、Some body language has different meanings in communicating with others. The best example is smiling. 板块一语言知识 1.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口语一样,肢体语 言也因文化而异。(教材 P38) Paraphrase:Just like spoken language, body language is different in different cultures.

24、语言点 1 vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 情境探究 As in China, the climate in Canada varies with the area. 正如在中国一样,加拿大的气候也因地而异。 One of the advantages is that we can find various topics, such as science, culture and history. 优势之一是我们能够找到各种主题,如科学、文化和历史。 (鲜活例句)In fact, people in the East wear masks not just to protect the

25、mselves from illness but also for a variety of other reasons. 事实上,东方人戴口罩不仅仅是为了预防疾病,还有种种其 他原因。 归纳拓展 (1)vary from.to.从到不等;在到之间变动 vary in在方面变化 vary with 随变化;改变 (2)various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的 (3)variety n.变化;多样性;不同种类 a variety of=varieties of不同种类的,各种各样的 学以致用 (1)单句填空 The research team is made up of the pupil

26、s, whose ages vary from 10 to 15. (2)单句写作 (2019 课标全国卷书面表达)我们学校的学生正在筹划一场音乐会,包括各种音乐和一些 精彩的舞蹈表演。 Students in our school are planning a music concert, consisting of various music and some wonderful dancing shows. 2.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you

27、are in. 关键是以一种适合你所处的文化的方式使用肢体语言。(教材 P38) 语言点 2 appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的 情境探究 As for me, I dont think it is appropriate for parents to quit their jobs in order to provide better conditions for their children. 就我而言,我认为对父母来说为了给他们的孩子提供更好的条件而放弃工作是不合适的。 His bright clothes were hardly appropriate while she

28、was dressed appropriately. 他那鲜艳的衣服不是很适合,然而她的穿着却很得体。 归纳拓展 (1)be appropriate to/for 适合 It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是合适的 (2)appropriately adv.适当地;合适地 学以致用 (1)单句填空 Sports clothes are not appropriate for/to a formal wedding. Many students with a large amount of pocket money may not k

29、now how to use it appropriately (appropriate). (2)单句写作 对于一个学生来说,到处乱丢垃圾、乱写乱画是不合适的。 It is not appropriate for a student to throw litter everywhere and scribble. 3.In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 相比而言,在其他国家,眼 神交流并不总是被赞成的。(教材 P38) 语言点 3 approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过 情

30、境探究 I approve of your earning some money, but please dont neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱,但是请不要忽视了功课。 I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval. 如果你同意我的申请,我将非常感激。 归纳拓展 (1)approve of sb./sb.s doing sth.赞同/同意某人做某事 (2)approval n.赞成;同意;批准;通过 误区警示 “赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成 approve sb. to do

31、sth., 因为 approve 用作“同意;赞成”时 是不及物动词。 学以致用 (1)单句填空 It found many youngsters measure their status by how much public approval(approve) they get online. (2)单句写作 我赞成你做出自己的选择。毕竟你已经足够大了。 I approve of your making your own choice. After all you are old enough. 4.In Japan, someone who witnesses another person

32、 employing the gesture might think it means money. 在日本,一个人看到另一个人用这个手势,他可能认为这意味着钱。(教材 P38) 语言点 4 witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人 情境探究 The huge attendance figures for the exhibition witness to a healthy interest in modern art. 从展览会参观人数之多可以看出,人们对现代艺术具有浓厚兴趣。 His good health is a witness to the success of

33、 the treatment. 他良好的健康状况证明这种疗法是成功的。 Many of his former friends gave witness to his innocence.很多他以前的朋友为他的清白作证。 归纳拓展 (1)witness to sth.证明某事 (2)be (a) witness to sth.目击,看见(某事发生);证明真实;为提供证据 give witness to sth. 为作证;证明 头脑风暴 英语中常用表示时间、地点等的名词作主语,而常用形容人的感官动词 see、witness 等 作谓语进行拟人修辞。 Our city witnesses four

34、different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold. 我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节,阳光充足、雨量充沛,但在冬天你可能会觉得有点 冷。 学以致用 (1)单句填空 He has been witness to a terrible murder. (2)单句写作 (2018 课标全国卷书面表达)我们学校在过去几年里发生了很大的变化。 Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years

35、. 语言点 5 employ vt.使用;应用;雇用 情境探究 A number of people have been employed to deal with the work. 已雇很多人来处理这项工作。 She has employed herself in protecting the endangered animals. 她忙于保护濒临灭绝的动物。 归纳拓展 (1)employ sb. to do sth.雇用某人做某事 employ oneself in doing sth.=be employed in doing sth.从事于/忙于做某事 (2)employer n.雇

36、用者;雇主;老板 employee n.雇工;雇员 employment n.就业;雇用;使用 学以致用 (1)单句填空 Im busy, so I have to employ a housekeeper to look (look) after my children. Chinese law prohibits the employment (employ) of children under 14. (2)句型转换 She is employed in making a list. She employs herself in making a list. 5.Even the ges

37、tures we use for “yes” and “no”differ around the world. 甚至我们用来表示“是”与 “不是”的手势在世界各地都不一样。(教材 P38) 语言点 6 differ vi.相异;不同于 情境探究 She differs from her sister in the colour of eyes. 她眼睛的颜色与她姐姐的不同。 We differ with each other about the standard. 我们之间关于这个标准有不同的看法。 归纳拓展 (1)differ from (=be different from)与不同 dif

38、fer in (=be different in)在方面不同 differ with sb. on/about/over sth.与某人在某事上意见不同 (2)different adj.不同的;有差别的 difference n.区别;差异 make a difference (to.)(对)有作用或影响 学以致用 (1)单句填空 British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling. We know of different (differ) cultures by lea

39、rning English. (2)完成句子 只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望实现的任何事情产生影响。 Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference towhatever we hope to accomplish. 6.In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. 在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家,人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。(教材 P38) 语言点 7 句型公

40、式:动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词 情境探究 The teacher patted me on the shoulder, telling me the news. 老师拍着我的肩膀,告诉我这个消息。 The mother held the children by the hand. 妈妈牵着孩子们的手。 The referee warned the player not to kick the rival in the stomach. 裁判警告这名选手不要踢竞争对手的肚子。 归纳拓展 拍:pat 打:hit, strike, beat 踢:kick 抓:catch, sei

41、ze, grasp 拉,牵:pull, take, hold + inthe + 身体柔软部位(face, leg, eye 等) on + the + 身体坚硬部位(head,shoulder, back 等) by + the + 可牵拉部位(hand, arm, ear 等) 学以致用 (1)单句填空 The naughty boy hit the fellow on the head. (2)完成句子 老人拉着陌生人的手,连声感谢。 The old man held the stranger by the hand, thanking him again and again. 7.El

42、sewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地方,人们遇到其他人时更喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或者点头。(教材 P38) 语言点 8 favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同 情境探究 Of the two plans you have put forward, I favour the former. 在你提出的两种方案中,我选择前者。 Will you do me a favour/do a fa

43、vour for me and take this to the post office for me? 你帮我个忙,为我把这个拿到邮局好吗? Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it. 他们大部分人赞成我的观点,而戴维反对它。 归纳拓展 do sb. a favour do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙 in favour of 赞同;支持;为获得(更好或更需要的事物) 学以致用 (1)单句填空 People in favour of modern city life may t

44、hink it is rather dull to live in the countryside. (2)完成句子 我想知道你能不能帮我个忙。 I wonder if you could do a favour for me/do me a favour. 8.A smile can break down barriers.微笑能够消除障碍。(教材 P39) 语言点 9 break down 消除;分解;打破 情境探究 Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers breaking into your house

45、.仔细 关好门窗,防止一些陌生人闯入你的房子。 In order to get some money, the man broke up that old machine and sold some parts. 为了得到 一些钱,那个人把那台旧机器拆开,卖掉了一些零件。 They were discussing something important when a man broke in. 他们正在讨论一些重要的事情,这时一个人闯了进来。 归纳拓展 break up 粉碎;拆散,解体;开始放假 break away from 脱离;挣脱;摆脱 break in 打断;插嘴;闯入 break

46、 into 破门而入;强行闯入;突然起来 头脑风暴 常见“v.+down”短语 pass down 传下来bring down 降低 break down 分解cut down 削减;砍倒 burn down 烧毁settle down 定居;平静下来 词汇助记 学以致用 (1)赏句猜义 写出下列句中 break down 的含义 The printing machines are always breaking down.(机器)出故障 Food is broken down in the stomach.分解 His health broke down because he had bee

47、n working too hard.身体垮掉 (2)单句填空 What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position? 9.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. 专 家建议对着镜子里的自己微笑来让自己感到更快乐、更坚强。(教材 P39) 语言点 10 句型公式:make+宾语+宾语补足语 情境探究 We made him monitor of our class. 我

48、们选他当我们班的班长。 The summer training school will make learning English easier and more interesting. 暑期培训学校将使学习英语更容易、更有趣。 The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 发言人提高了嗓音以便别人能听到他说的话。 归纳拓展 make+宾语+宾补的用法 (1)make+宾语+形容词 (2)make+宾语+名词(职务名词充当宾补时其前不加冠词) (3)make+宾语+介词短语 (4)make+宾语+省略 to 的不定式

49、(被动语态中 to 不能省略) (5)make+宾语+过去分词(不用现在分词充当宾补) 学以致用 (1)单句填空 Every day I am made to have (have) an egg by my parents. (2)完成句子 (2019 浙江书面表达)家长们确信大量的表扬会让孩子们更加自信。 Parents are convinced that plenty of praise will make kids more confident. 10.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than

50、 seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。(教材 P39) 语言点 11 “否定词+比较级”表示最高级 情境探究 No one can be more careful than she. 没有人比她更细心。 No film is as good as the one I saw yesterday. 没有哪部电影比我昨天看的那部好。 China is larger than the other countries in Asia. any other country in Asia. any