（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语必修第二册Unit4 突破 语法大冲关 同步教材讲解 .doc

1、1 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词 加ed 构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材 P114P115)。 观察例句 1Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly. 2Come and read the poem written by an eightyearold boy! 3I felt myself often confused at first. 4She had her painting

2、boxed so it was delivered safely. 归纳用法 一、过去分词作定语 1意义 及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成； 不及物动词的过去分词作 定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers 浇过水的花 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳 2位置 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语 时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 Awatched pot never bo

3、ils. 谚语心急锅不开。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 2 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 3现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。 形式语态时态 过去分词被动完成 现在分词主动进行 The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week. 我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。 The bridge built in 2013 was de

4、signed by a local company. 2013 年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。 4难点突破 三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵： done被动的动作已经完成 being done被动的动作正在发生 to be done被动的动作将要发生 The meeting held yesterday is very important. 昨天开的会很重要。 All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held. 所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。 It is said that there is a me

5、eting to be held in the hall tomorrow. 据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。 即学即练 1单句语法填空 Some of the people invited (invite)to the party cant come. The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand)in one corner. The trees blown (blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road. 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系

6、 过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系， 宾语是过去分词所表示的动作 的承受者。 He watched the TV set carried out of the room. 3 他看着电视机被搬出了房间。 Last year they had the house rebuilt. 去年他们让人重建了房子。 即学即练 2单句语法填空 Youd better have your shoes mended(mend). The father wants his daughter taught(teach)the piano. 2几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语) (1)表示感觉或心理状

7、态的动词(短语)， 如 see， watch， observe， find， look at， hear，listen to，feel，notice，think 等。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。 When we got to school，we saw the door locked. 当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。 (2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如 have，make，get，keep，leave 等。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simp

8、le English. 他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。 Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 名师点津 “have宾语过去分词”可以表示三种含义： 表示“让某人做某事” Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。 表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击” He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。 做某事(主语可能参与其中) I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 (3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如 like，want，wish，ord

9、er 等。 4 The teacher doesnt wish such questions (to be)discussed in class. 老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。 The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned. 警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。 即学即练 3单句语法填空 I saw an old man knocked(knock)down by a car. Id like the job done(do)when I come back from the journey. The speaker rai

10、sed his voice but still couldnt make himself heard(hear). 3 “with宾语过去分词”结构 在“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足 语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 With water heated，we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。 She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛 注视着他的脸。 即学即练 4单句语法填空 An old man was

11、 brought in，with his hands tied(tie)behind his back. With all the work done(do)，I feel very relaxed now. 4过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别 (1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较 感官动词(短语)(一感： feel； 二听： hear， listen to； 四看： see， notice， observe， watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以 see 为例)： see宾语 doing sth.看见 正在做 do sth.看见 做了 （宾语与宾语 补足语之间为 逻辑上

12、的主动 关系） done 看见被做（宾语与宾语补足语 之间为逻辑上的被动关系） I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 5 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行) To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possi

13、ble. 为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无 时间性) (2)使役动词 make，have，get，keep，let 后加复合宾语的比较(以 make，have 为例)： make宾语 do sth.让做某事 （宾语与宾语补足语之间为 逻辑上的主动关系） done 让被做 （宾语与宾语补足语之间为 逻辑上的被动关系） He made his workers work 12 hours a day. 他让他的工人们每天工作 12 个小时。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量使自己被理解。 have宾语 do sth.使

14、做某事 doing sth.使持续 做某事 （宾语与宾语 补足语之间 为逻辑上的 主动关系） done 使被做/遭受（宾语与宾语 补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系） have 还可用于 have sth. to do 结构，该结构中 have 作“有”讲，不定式作定 语。 I have something urgent to inform you. 我有很紧急的事要通知你们。 (3)with 复合结构中补足语的比较 with sb./sth. doing（表示主动、进行） sth. done（表示被动、完成） sth. to do（表示主动、将来） John received an invitat

15、ion to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly 6 accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了， 他就欣然接受了邀请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。 即学即练 5单句语法填空 Listening to music at home is one thing ， going to hear it being perfo

16、rmed(perform)live is quite another. The boy made the baby laugh(laugh)by making a face at him. She fell asleep with the light burning(burn). .单句语法填空 1 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop)after great effort. 2This is the statue of a brave soldier seated (seat)on a ho

17、rse，with a gun on his back. 3The cars being sold (sell)at the market now are made in Shanghai. 4The airport to be completed (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5The police will come soon to take away the damaged (damage)car. 6Back from his twoyear medical service inAfrica，Dr.

18、Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take)good care of at home. 7The meeting is being held(hold)now is of great importance. 8George telephoned a man calling (call)himself Peter. 9The new books being printed (print)in the factory at the moment are mainly intended for children. 10The young man，

19、tired (tire)of working for others，is determined to start his own firm. .短文语法填空 The Amber Room was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The 1.selected(select)amber had 2.a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.The design of the room was 3.in the fancy style popular in

20、those days.It was 7 also a treasure 4.decorated(decorate)with gold and jewels， 5.which took the countrys best 6.artists(artist)about ten years to make. Later，Catherine had the Amber Room 7.moved(move)to a palace outside St Petersburgwhereshespenthersummers.8.Sadly(sad) ， the AmberRoom 9.considered(consider)one of the wonders of the world，is now 10.missing(miss).