（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 5 预习 新知早知道 教材讲解 .doc

1、1 .匹配词义 A.单词匹配 第一组 ()1.crisisAadj.very great；very strong；serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time ()2.intenseBadj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 ()3.outputCn.产量；输出；输出量 vt.输出 ()4.domesticDn.危机；危急关头 ()5.consumptionEvt.to produce or create sth. ()6.generateFn.消耗；消耗量；消费 ()7.strainGn.闲暇；休闲；

2、空闲 ()8.leisureHn.名望；名誉；名人；名流 ()9.soilIn.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 ()10.celebrityJn.泥土；土壤；国土；领土 答案15DACBF610EIGJH 第二组 ()1.urbanAn.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 ()2.tunnelBadj.城市的；都市的；城镇的 ()3.extensionCn.地下通道；地道；隧道 ()4.flavourDn.小麦；小麦籽 ()5.wheatEn.how food or drink tastes； a particular quality or atmosphere ()6.alleviateFn.th

3、e state of being poor ()7.povertyGvt.to make sth.less severe ()8.groceryHn.营养；滋养 ()9.nutritionIn.根；根茎；根部；根源 2 ()10.rootJn.食品杂货店；pl.食品杂货 答案15BCAED610GFJHI B.短语匹配 ()1.devote.toA包括；包含；由组成(或构成) ()2.be comprised ofB例如；比如 ()3.deep downC相应地；转而；依次；轮流 ()4.in turnD把用于；献身；致力；专心 ()5.for instanceE在内心深处；本质上；实际上 答

4、案15DAECB .默写单词 第一组 1tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n.增长；提高；激励 3convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 4attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到 5overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜 6expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务) 7estimatevt.估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算 8comprise vt.包括；包含；由组成 9devote vt.把献(给)；把专用于；专心于 10chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n.化学制品；化学品 第二组

5、 1widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 2digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 3organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 3 4essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的 5alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 6entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 7depth n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) 8instance n.例子；实例；事例 .语境填词 attained，overcome，tackle，boosted，convinced， essential，digest，compris

6、es，widespread，organic 1I dont know how to tackle this problem. 2The total was boosted to nearly 2，000 by donations from parents. 3We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane. 4She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot. 5He has enough courage to overcome the difficulty. 6This music album c

7、omprises the best hits of the year. 7This disease is widespread in tropical areas. 8The farm has changed over to organic methods. 9It is essential that you should come home early. 10It often takes a long time to digest new ideas. .语法填空之派生词 1What is the depth(deep)of this lake? 2This, I am sorry to s

8、ay, is almost entirely(entire)wishful thinking. 3He showed his poverty(poor)in his knowledge of agriculture. 4Adapt your usual eating regimen to make it more nutritious(nutrition). 5Any shortage(short)could push up grain prices. 6What are the characteristics(character)that distinguish the Chinese fr

9、om the Japanese? 7The chairman made a few conventional(convention)remarks. 8We are working on the assumption(assume)that the techniques are safe. 4 1Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. 然而，他自认为是个农民，因为在研究中他不停地耕种土地。 2Yuan Longping realised that larg

10、er fields were not the solution. 袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积。 3Ahybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. 杂交作物是一个物种的两个或两个以上变种的杂交。 4Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his str

11、ains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算， 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形 成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 5Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有， 人们可能认为他会退休享受

12、闲适的 生活。 词语助读 (be)known as the “father of hybrid rice” 被称为“杂交水稻之父” consider himself a farmer 自认为是个农民 work the land 耕种土地 devote ones life to 致力于；献身于 pursue a career in science or medicine 从事科学或医学方面的事业 have poor harvests 粮食歉收 have a serious shortage of food 严重缺乏食物 tackle this crisis 应对这一危机 choose to st

13、udy agriculture 选择学习农业 5 after graduating in 1953 在 1953 年毕业之后 work as a researcher 从事研究工作 boost yields 提高产量 a challenging question 一个具有挑战性的问题 the creation of hybrid rice 杂交水稻的培育 conventional crops 传统作物 a matter of great debate 一个有很大争议的问题 through intense effort 通过不懈的努力 overcome enormous technical di

14、fficulties 克服巨大的技术难题 expand their output 增加产量 it is estimated that.据估计 be comprised of 由组成 depend on rice as well 也依赖大米 because of his invaluable contributions 因为他的不可估量的贡献 receive numerous awards 获奖无数 make him quite wealthy 使他变得相当富有 a life of leisure 闲适的生活 be far from the case 事实远非如此 deep down 在内心深处

15、 care little for celebrity or money 不太在乎名声和金钱 make large donations to support agricultural research 大量捐款以支持农业研究 his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams 他不断实现梦想的能力 as tall as sorghum 像高粱一样高 succeed in producing a kind of rice 成功培育出一种水稻 become a reality 成为现实 open up 开辟 despite his advanced years 尽管年

16、事已高 dream up 想起；想象出(不寻常的事物)；凭空设想 6 课文呈现 APIONEER FORALL PEOPLE Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice” ，is one of Chinas most famous scientists.Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research(1).Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that o

17、f millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life (2). (1)because 引导原因状语从句。 (2)to whom 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Chinese farmers。 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine .However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had

18、 poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat(3).To tackle this crisis ，he chose to study agriculture and received an education at SouthwestAgricultural College in Chongqing. (3)what concerned him most 为主语从句，that farmers.为表语从句，其中不 定式短语 to eat 作名词 food 的后置定语。 After graduatin

19、g in 1953 ， he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution(4).Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had(5).How this could be done(6)was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation

20、 of hybrid rice(7).A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops(8).However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self pollinating plants such as rice(9)was a matter of great d

21、ebate .The common assumption then was that it could not be done(10).Through intense effort， Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming(11)in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their outputgreatly. (4)that 引导宾语从句。 (5)they had

22、是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词 fields。 (6)how 引导主语从句。 7 (7)that 引导宾语从句。 (8)that 引导表语从句。 (9)whether 引导主语从句，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式 短语 to develop a hybrid of selfpollinating plants such as rice。 (10)that 引导表语从句。 (11)that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 hybird rice。 Today, it is estimated thatabout 60 percent of domestic

23、rice consumption in China is comprised ofcrops generated from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year(12).Yuans innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well (13), such as

24、India and Vietnam.Because of his invaluable contributions， Yuan Longping has received numerous awardsboth in China and abroad. (12)and 连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中第一个分句中 it 为形式主语，真 正的主语是后面 that 引导的名词性从句；过去分词短语 generated from Yuans hybrid strains 作名词 crops 的后置定语。 (13)that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 countries。 Given that Yua

25、ns hybrids have made him quite wealthy， one might think he would retire to a life of leisure(14).However, this is far from the case.Deep down ， Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart.As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money .Instead, he makes large donations to support agricul

26、tural research. (14)Given that.引导原因状语从句，he would retire to a life of leisure 为省略 了 that 的宾语从句。 What impresses people most about Yuan Longping(15)is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum， with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain

27、 of rice as huge as a peanut.He succeeded in producing a kind of ricethat could feed more people at home and abroad(16).His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality， and potentially opened upnearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China 8 for rice production.Despite

28、his advanced years， Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next(17). (15)What 引导主语从句。 (16)that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 rice。 (17)and 连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中第二个分句中 what he will dream up next 是 what 引导的宾语从句。 译文参考 为所有人的先驱 袁隆平，被称为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学

29、家之一。然而，他 自认为是个农民，因为在研究中他不停地耕种土地。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯 看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。 袁隆平 1930 年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的事业。 然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了这一 危机，他选择了学习农业，就读于重庆西南农学院。 1953 年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是 扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这 一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信，答案可以在杂交水稻的培育 中找到。杂交作物是一个物种的两个或两个以上变种的

30、杂交。杂交作物的一个特 点是它们的产量通常比传统作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出一种自花传粉的杂 交植物， 如水稻， 这是一个有很大争议的问题。 当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。 通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于 1974 年培育出了第一种可 用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。 据估算， 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形 成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度 和越南。因为他的不可估量的贡献，袁隆平在国内外获奖无数。 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有， 人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的 生活。然而，事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为 一位农民，他不太在乎名声和金钱。相反，他大量捐款以支持农业研究。 9 袁隆平最让人印象深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想了一 种像高粱一样高的水稻，每一穗米都像扫帚一样大，每一粒米都像花生一样大。 他成功地培育出一种可以养活国内外更多人的水稻，他对“海水水稻”的最新设 想也已成为现实， 并可能在中国开辟近 100 万平方公里的盐碱地， 用于水稻生产。 尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，充满了远见，每个人都在等着看他接下 来会梦想什么。