（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语必修第二册Unit4 教学 知识细解码 同步教材讲解 .doc

1、1 1defend vt.保护；保卫；为辩护defence n防御；保卫 2evident adj.明显的；明白的evidence n证据；证明 3achieve vt.完成；成就；取得achievement n成就；成绩；达到 4surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n周围的 事物；环境 5locate v确定的地点location n地方；地点；位置 6legal adj.法律的；合法的illegal adj.非法的 7greet vt.问候；迎接greeting n问候；迎接 1individual adj.单独的；个别的；独特

2、的；与众不同的 n个人；与众不 同的人；有个性的人 The competition is open to both teams and individuals.n.个人 She has her own individual style of doing things.adj.独特的 A teacher cant give individual attention to each pupil if his class is large.adj. 单独的 2chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的；总的；主要的 n族长；酋长；主管人员；(公司或机构的)首领 He married off his d

3、aughter to the local chief.n首领 Don was appointed chief engineer of the project. adj.总的 The chief reason for going to school is to learn.adj.主要的 WordsAnd Phrases 知识要点 1 join.to.把和连接或联结起来 (教材 P40)In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 16 世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。

4、 2 例 1The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 岛上有座桥与大陆相连。 例 2How can we join this island and that one? 我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？ 造句因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来。 Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet. 知识拓展 join in参加；加入 join sb. in (doing)sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事 join the club/army/par

5、ty 加入俱乐部/参军/入党 join up(with sb.)(与某人)联合，会合 即学即练 单句语法填空 We joined pointAto point B in a straight line. We plan to join up with the other climbers on the other side of the mountain. Everybody has to join in the training. 知识要点 2 break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 (教材 P40)Finally，in the 20th century，th

6、e southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. 最后，在 20 世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国 例 1John broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance. 约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了。 例 2It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends. 他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。 造句犯人挣脱了看守。 The prisoner broke away from t

7、he guards. 3 知识拓展 break down损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚 break in非法闯入；插嘴，打断 break into破门而入，非法闯入；突然起来 break off打断；折断；中断(说话) break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发 break through冲突；突破 break up分解；分裂 即学即练 用 break 的相关短语填空 The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them. We had to break into the

8、 house as we had lost the key. The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking up The Union was consisted of several countries，one of which broke away from it later because of conflicts. The fire broke out during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured. 知识要点 3 bel

9、ong to 属于 (教材 P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。 例 1Who does this watch belong to? 这块表是谁的？ 例 2China is a developing country belonging to the third world. 中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。 造句我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。 I used to belong to a youth club. 知识拓展

10、 (1)belong in适于；适宜(放在某处) 4 (2)belongings n.财产；所有物；亲戚 即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子 She packed her few belongings(belong)in a bag and left. However，the man，to whom the bike belonged，decided not to keep it. 这个袋子是我的。 This bag belongs to me. 名师点津 belong to 用法两注意 belong to 中的 to 是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时 态；作后置定语时，形式为

11、“.belonging to”。 知识要点 4 (教材 P40)They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack， as well as share the same currency and military defence 像拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国 国旗。 (1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 例 1We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries

12、. 我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。 例 2As well as being a photographer，she is a talented musician. 她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。 造句除了摔断了腿，他还伤了胳膊。 As well as breaking his leg，he hurt his arm. 知识拓展 as well as 连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形 容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点： 1)as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时， 谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代 词确定。 2)as wel

13、l as 位于句首，相当于 besides，in addition to，后接动词时，用动名 词形式。 5 3)as well as 也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和一样好”，well 为副词。 即学即练 单句语法填空/同义句改写 Helen，as well as her brothers，has gone(go)abroad already. As well as learning(learn)English，we want to experience life in the USA. Students should develop their own interests as well as

14、 do(do)their schoolwork. The child is lively as well as healthy(health). He didnt perform as well(good)as some of his competitors. They visited some factories，hospitals as well as the school. They visited not only the school but also some factories and hospitals. (2)defence n防御；保卫 例 1In defence of o

15、ur nation，many soldiers lost their lives. 为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。 例 2Most countries have armies for their defence. 大多数国家都有用于防御的军队。 造句他搬出马丁路德金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。 He mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in defence of his actions. 知识拓展 1)in defence (of .)为了保卫() 2)defend vt.保护；保卫；为辩护 defend.from/against.保卫以免

16、受 即学即练 单句语法填空 We must see to it that there is no gap in our defence(defend). What talking points can be raised in defence of this argument? All our officers are trained to defend themselves against/from knife attacks. 知识要点 5 (教材 P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by eviden

17、ce of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人 6 在不同的时期统治着英国。 (1)surround vt.围绕；包围 例 1Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes. 吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。 例 2If youre serious about wanting to live a healthy life，its extreme

18、ly important to surround yourself with people wholl provide you with proper emotional support. 如果你真的想过上健康的生活， 和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤 为重要的。 造句对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着。 To some people，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends. 知识拓展 1)be surrounded by.被包围、环绕 2)surround oneself with sb./sth.和某人/某物在

19、一起 3)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 4)surroundings n.环境 即学即练 单句语法填空/翻译句子 When I came to the airport，I saw that the place was surrounded(surround)by police. Steve arrived and sat in the front row，surrounded(surround)by his family. Standing on the top，we admired the surrounding(surround)scenes. She was faced

20、 with a new job in unfamiliar surroundings(surrounding). 他喜欢结交幽默的人们。 He likes to surround himself with humorous people. 小片段填空 Once upon a time，a king who was polite to surrounding countries，lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings 从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻

21、邦十分友 好。 7 (2)evidence n证据；证明 例 1There s some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us. 有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。 例 2The first signs of spring are in evidence. 春天的最初迹象已显而易见。 造句目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。 At present we have no evidence of life on other planets. 知识拓展 1)There is some/no evidence that. (没)有证据证明

22、 in evidence显眼；显而易见 2)evident adj.明显的；明白的 Its evident that.很明显 3)evidently adv.显然；明显地；清楚地 即学即练 用 evidence 的适当形式填空/完成句子 He evidently hated maths at school， so its amazing he became an accountant! It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake. A new study has found no evidence that sunsc

23、reen actually increases the risk of skin cancer. 很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。 It is evident that education of the young is vital to the future of a country. 小片段填空 His footprints were clearly evident in the heavy dust，which is the evidence that he had come here before. 他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据。 知识要点 6

24、 keep one s eyes open (for)留心；留意 (教材 P41)If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过 去和现在。 8 例 1Keep your eyes open for a boy in a red cap and sweater. 你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的小男孩。 例 2Just keep your eyes open and your mout

25、h shut. 请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。 造句警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的情况。 The police asked the residents to keep their eyes open for anything unusual. 知识拓展 keep an eye on照看，照管；留心注意 look sb. in the eye(s)直视别人 have an eye for对有判断力/鉴赏力 catch sb.s eye吸引某人的注意 即学即练 完成句子 Weve asked the neighbours to keep an eye on (照看)the house for us wh

26、ile we are away. Ared pencilmark on the fifth page caught his eye(引起了他的注意). Agood artist must have an eye for color(对颜色有判断力). Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 everywhere 引导地点状语从句 (教材 P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at

27、 different times throughout history.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历 史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。 句式分析 句中 everywhere you go in the UK 为 everywhere 引导的地点状语从句，相当 于 wherever you go in the UK。 例 1Everywhere they looked，nearly everything was destroyed.他们无论朝 哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。 例 2Everywhere he goes，he will not forget the ter

28、rible experience. 无论走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。 9 造句无论去哪儿，我都发现同样的事情。 Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 知识拓展 引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在 任何地方)，everywhere(每一地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。 即学即练 完成句子/翻译句子/同义句改写 Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人

29、等着见她。 You can go anywhere you like 你可以去任何你想去的地方。 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is a will，there is a way. 我哪儿也看不到它。 I cant see it anywhere. 我们所到之处游客人头攒动。 Everywhere we went was full of tourists. Shell wear fine jewellery everywhere she goes. Shell wear fine jewellery no matter where/wherever she goes. 重点句式 2

30、the way 后接定语从句 (教材 P4041)They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses 他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 句式分析 句中 the way 后为省略了关系词 that 或 in which 的定语从句。 例 1Do it the way (that/in which)you were taught. 要按照教你的那样做。 例 2I was impressed by the way in which she did

31、 it. 她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。 10 造句使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. 知识拓展 (1)the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方 式/方法(in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里 才用 in which 来引导。 (2)the way 后不能用 how 引导定语从句，但也可以不用 the way，而直接用 how 引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。 即学即练单句语法填

32、空/完成句子 I dont like the way that you talk to your mother and you must change that way. The way which/that was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way that you carried it out. I dont like the way(that/in which)he speaks to his parents.我不喜欢他和他父 母说话的方式。 The way(which/that) he ex

33、plained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那 种方法很简单。 1(教材 P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 分析本句是一个主从复合句，everywhere you go in the UK 为地点状语从 句，who took over at different times th

34、roughout history 为限制性定语从句，修饰先 行词 people。 译文几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上， 有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。 2(教材 P41)The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 分析本句是一个主从复合句，as 引导的是一个原因状语从句，that has a history dating all the

35、 way back to Roman times 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 11 city，其中现在分词短语 dating all the way back to Roman times 作名词 history 的 后置定语。 译文首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的 历史可以追溯到罗马时代。 3(教材 P41)If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 分析本句是复合句，if 引导条件状语从句；that

36、 引导宾语从句。 译文如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。 教材高考 1.Thefourcountriesthat belongtotheUnited Kingdom work together in some areas. (2018 浙 江 卷 )By following the basic rules of respecting others ，taking care of what belongs to you ， and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will qu

37、ickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates. 2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK ， you will be surrounded by evidence of fourdifferentgroupsof peoplewhotookoverat differenttimesthroughout history. (2019江苏卷)And dont forget：we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking

38、， caving，climbing and cycling. 3.They use the same flag ， known as the Union Jack，as wellassharethesame currencyandmilitary defence. (2019天津卷)Amy，as well as her brothers，was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 4.Almost everywhere you go in the UK ， you will be surrounded by

39、 evidence of fourdifferentgroupsof (2019 江 苏 卷 )Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 12 peoplewhotookoverat differenttimesthroughout history. 5.According to the text，what are two chief advantages of studyingthehistoryofa country？ (2018全国卷)Touris

40、m is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762. .单句语法填空 1After she gave birth，she and her family joined the others in White Bird Canyon to the south. 2The prisoner broke away from the policemen who were holding him. 3He is a clerk belonging (belong)to this company. 4The army

41、s duty is to defend the country against/from the enemy rather than to invade other countries. 5With the houses surrounded(surround)，the thief couldnt escape and was caught by the policemen. 6It is evident(evidence)that smoking is harmful to health. 7I dont like the way that he laughed at me. 8He，as

42、well as his sisters，likes(like)singing. 9Keep(keep)your eyes open and ask questions，even if they seem stupid. 10The village was used as the location(locate)for a popular TV series. .短语填空 join.to.；belong to；break away from；as well as；leave behind；result in； take over；date back to；keep ones eyes open；

43、be similar to 1As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world，earthquakes often result in many people being injured or killed. 2She took over his work after his departure. 3The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 4I belong to a football club and play football every Saturday. 5Tom

44、 as well as his parents went to Hong Kong to spend the summer holiday. 13 6Nowadays many farmers want to break away from the land and make a living in cities. 7If that sounds like good news，keep your eyes open for your chance for change. 8My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays.

45、9When you go camping，please do not leave behind any trash. 10My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers. .课文语法填空 According to the British history，Wales is the first country to be joined 1.to the Kingdom of England， which happened in the 16th century.Later， Scotland and Ireland 2.wer

46、e added(add)to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break)away from the UK，4.which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，whose 5.shortened(shorten)name is “the United

47、 Kingdom” or “the UK”The four countries of the UK use 6.the same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However， they also have some 7.differences(different)， like different legal systems.The UKs long and interesting history can help you understand much more about the country and its

48、 traditions.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8.enjoyable(enjoy).The capital city London is a great place 9.to start(start) ， as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date)all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.