（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 2 教学 知识细解码 教材讲解 .doc

1、1 1. distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的distance n远方；距 离 2. automatic adj.自动的automatically adv.自动地 3. integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体integrated adj. 各部分密切协调的； 综合的 4. sense n感官；感觉；知觉sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件 5. prefer v偏爱preference n爱好；偏爱 6. constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的 n常数；常量 constantly adv.不 断地 7. normal adj.正常的；常态的；普

2、通的abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的 8. warn v警告；告诫；提醒warning n. 警告；警示；先兆 9. wire n电线；金属丝(或线)vt. 接通电源；将连接到wiring n. 电线 线路；线路系统 10. innovate vi.改革；创新innovation n创新；创造 1switch vt.转换；交换vt. & vi.(使)改变；转变 n开关；转换器；改变 The heating is on a time switch n.开关 His friends were surprised at his switch from a newspaper owner t

3、o a farmer. n.改变 After ten minutes，listeners and speakers switch roles. vt.转换；交换 2secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护 Foreign tourists feel happily secure while visiting the city. adj.安全的；安心的 Secure the prisoner so that he wont escape again.vt.拴 牢 2 By strengthening the river banks, the city secur

4、ed itself against flood. vt.保护 3routine n常规；正常顺序；惯例；通常的做法adj.常规的；日常的 Every newcomer must start from routine work. adj.常规的；日常的 I settled down into a routine of work and sleep.n.常规 The security men changed their usual routine and collected the money at a different time.n.惯例；通常的做法 4instant n瞬间；片刻adj.立即

5、的；速食的；速溶的 Id like a cup of instant coffee.adj.速溶的 For a brief instant, I thought she was going to fall.n.瞬间；片刻 I hope to receive an instant reply.adj.立即的 5potential adj. 可能的；潜在的n潜力；可能性 Its important to draw out a childs potential abilities.adj.潜在的 This new invention has an enormous sales potential.n

6、. 潜力 We realize that any code change like this has the potential to cause some issues. n.可能性 Words and Phrases 知识要点 1 persuade vt.劝说；说服；使相信 (教材 P14)For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade. 例如， “在我看来”这个短语告诉我们，这篇文章可能是为了说服。 例 1It is easy to persuade o

7、neself. 说服自己往往很容易。 例 2We persuaded Harry that he was wrong. 我们使亨利相信是他错了。 知识拓展 persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 3 persuade sb.not to do sth.persuade sb.out of (doing)sth. 说服某人不做某事 persuade sb.of sth./ persuade sb.that. 使某人相信 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 He tried to persuade his son to stu

8、dy(study)hard, but failed. We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of this decision. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting (accept)my idea. 我们说服了他不把钱借给那个人。 We persuaded him not to lend/out of lending his money to that man. 我将说服他把药吃下去。 I shall persuade him to take the medicine 名师点津 persua

9、de 表示“说服”，强调说服的结果；advise 表示“劝说，建议”，对 方不一定接受，强调动作。 “劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为：advise sb.to do sth. 或 try to persuade sb.to do sth. The comrade advised Dr.Bethune to move immediately to a safe place, but he was not persuaded. 那位同志劝白求恩大夫立即转移到安全的地方，但是没能说服他。 小片段填空 At first she tried persuading others to do the film

10、, but finally she was persuaded by her friends to do it herself.一开始她试图说服别人来拍这个电影， 但最后她被她 的朋友说服，自己来拍这个电影。 知识要点 2 switch vt.转换；交换vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变n开关；转换 器；改变 (教材 P14)Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? 或者，你曾经忘记过关掉电视或电脑吗？ 例 1Where is the light switch? 电灯开关在哪儿？ 例 2We had to make

11、a switch in our arrangements. 4 我们不得不对我们的安排做出变动。 知识拓展 (1)make a switch改变 (2)switch off关(电灯、机器等)；切断(电流、气体等) switch on开(电灯、机器等)；打开(开关)； 接通(电流等) switch (from.)to.(从)转变成，(从)转换到 switch sth.with sb.和某人交换某物 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 She switched on the lamp because it was dark. He was so stubborn that he refused to

12、make a switch. 我们问他们是否愿意和我们调换位置。 We asked them if they would switch places with us 你出门前要把电视关掉。 Switch off the TV before you go out. 遥控器让你在不同的电视频道之间轻松地转换。 The remote control allows you to switch easily between TV channels. 小片段填空 When the water is stopped, a blower switch is automatically switched on,

13、 and it blows out hot air to dry the clothes. 水停后，吹风机开关自动打开，并吹出热风吹干衣服。 知识要点 3 preference n.爱好；偏爱 (教材 P14)Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. 你未来的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切 都会为你准备好。 例 1Its a matter of per

14、sonal preference. 这是个人的偏爱问题。 例 2She was chosen in preference to her sister. 她被选中了，而不是她妹妹。 5 知识拓展 (1)have a preference for偏爱 give preference to给以优惠/优待 in preference to优先于 (2)prefer vt.更喜欢 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 In considering people for the job, we give preference(prefer)to those with some experience. She h

15、as a preference for blue, while I like red better. 她愿意学小提琴而不是钢琴。 She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano 通过数学与化学考试的学生优先考虑。 Preference is given to students who have passed maths and chemistry test. 小片段填空 Although a few clients contact me by telephone, most prefer to deal with me thro

16、ugh email, which I have a preference for 虽然有几个客户会用电话联系我， 但大多数客户还是选择通过电子邮件和我 交流，电子邮件是我偏爱的交流途径。 知识要点 4 instant n瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的 (教材 P14)Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you

17、. 你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)， 而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。 例 1I took an instant dislike to him. 我一见到他就不喜欢他。 例 2I am fed up with instant food. 我厌烦了吃即食的食品。 知识拓展 (1)in an instant(immediately)立刻 6 the instant (that)as soon as一就 (at)any instant随时；在任何情况下 for an instant片刻；一瞬间 (2)instantly adv.立刻，马上 即学即练单句语法填空/句

18、型转换 Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse. The instant you turn it on, youll get boiling water from our instant boiling water tap. Immediately, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out. In an instant, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out. He told me the news as soon as

19、 he met me. He told me the news the instant (that) he met me 名师点津 瞬间名词 moment, instant, minute, second 与定冠词 the 连用可引导时间状语 从句，表示“一就”。 The machine will start the moment you press this button. 你一按这个按钮机器就会马上启动。 小片段填空 In fact, I think animal attraction can be instantyou can see an elephant instantly go f

20、or another one. 事实上，我认为动物间的吸引力是可以即刻产生的我们能看到，大象有 时会突然被另一头大象吸引。 知识要点 5 command n. 指令；命令；控制vt. 命令；控制 (教材P14)All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey. 所有的控制都会响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的常规，你只要大声说 出你想要什么，家庭系统就会

21、服从。 例 1He commanded us to stop. 他命令我们停下来。 例 2The general issued a command that all of them should come at six 7 oclock. 将军发布了一道命令， 所有的人都要在六点钟到。 知识拓展 (1)under the command ofunder ones command 由指挥，由控制 be in command of控制 take command of控制 have a command of.了解/掌握 (2)command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 commandt

22、hat 从句，谓语动词使用“(should)动词原形”形式 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 The captain commanded his men to pack (pack)up and march on. He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut(shut). 目前，警察控制了这里的形势。 At present, the police are in command of the situation here. 实际上，1 000 人在他的指挥之下。 Actually, he has 1，000 men under his comm

23、and 我劝他控制自己的脾气。 I advised him to command his temper 图形助记 表示请求、 命令、 建议、 要求等词后面跟从句时， 从句谓语用(should)do/be done，以下动词具有相同的用法。 知识要点 6 early on 在初期；早先 (教材 P15)They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life. 8 如果有什么不

24、正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前 警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。 例 1This is another one to do early on. 这也是另一个尽早要做的。 例 2One secret he learned very early on was not to flaunt his success. 他很早就学到的一个秘诀就是不要夸耀自己的成功。 知识拓展 early/earlier on在初期；早先 at the earliest作为最早日期，最早 early in life早年的时候 early or late迟早， 早晚 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 She

25、 developed a musical interest early /earlier on We shall find the truth early or late. 我们最早在星期五给你答复。 We will give you a reply on Friday at the earliest 他早年的时候就发现了这些趣事。 He discovered these pleasures early in life 刚开始时，在校园里找一个你觉得能帮助自己成长的人，并和他或她建立 起良好的关系。 Early on, find someone on campus who you feel c

26、an help you grow and develop a good relationship with him or her. 知识要点 7 relevant adj. 有关的；有意义的 (教材 P15).your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. 你的智能家居将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。 例 1Museums should have a more involved or relevant public role. 博物馆应起到进一步介入公众生活或更加举足轻重的社会作用。

27、 例 2These materials are relevant to the case. 这些材料与这起案件有关。 9 知识拓展 be relevant to 与有关 即学即练完成句子 这一点至关重要， 我们还是接着谈吧。 This point is really relevant and we had better move on. 她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关。 Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher. 除非你有什么切题的话要说，否则请勿打断人家。 Dont interrupt others

28、 unless you have something relevant to say 知识要点 8 in this sense (in.sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲 (教材 P15)In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. 从这个意义上说，明天的家已经是今天的家了。 例 1In this sense, personality is the very soul of art. 从这种意义上来说，人格就是艺术的灵魂。 例 2In this sense, rule by law is rule by m

29、oral. 在这个意义上说，法治即德治。 知识拓展 in that sense从那种(某种)意义上来讲 in a sense在某种意义上 in no sense决不；绝非(位于句首时， 句子用部分倒装) theres no sense in doing sth. 做是没有道理/作用的 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 In a sense, his suggestion is very practical. There is no sense in discussing(discuss)it over and over again. 在这种意义上来讲，当然它是个问题。 In this sense

30、, of course, it is a problem. 这种事情决不能发生在我们学校。 In no sense should such a thing be allowed to happen in our school. 10 从这个意义上讲它也有利于我们的健康。 In this sense it is also beneficial to our health. Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 what 引导名词性从句 (教材 P14).so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you

31、 want and the home system will obey. 所以如果你想改变你的常规，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就 会服从。 句式分析：句中 what you want 为 what 引导的名词性从句，作动词 say 的宾 语。 例 1He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，存多少。 例 2Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？ 知识拓展 (1)what 引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语 或同位语等。 (2)what 在所引导的名词性从句中充当

32、一定的成分。 (3)what 引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。 即学即练完成句子 经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为美洲的地方。 After many days voyage, they arrived in what is called America now. 最后我们来到了叫“西藏”的地方。 At last we came to a place that is called “Tibet” At last we came to what is called “Tibet” 所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。 All the people believed that it was ri

33、ght to rescue the old temple 他们得到了他们所需要的东西食物和衣服。 They have got what they needfood and clothes. 名师点津名词性从句中的 what 与 that 11 what 引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而 that 引导名词 性从句时，that 在从句中一般无意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。 重点句式 2 “特殊疑问词不定式”结构 (教材 P15)It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep bett

34、er. 它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。 句式分析： 句中 how to sleep better 为“特殊疑问词不定式”结构， 作介词 on 的宾语。 例 1I dont know when to hand in my homework. 我不知道什么时候交我的家庭作业。 例 2Can you tell me how to solve this maths problem? 你能告诉我如何解这道数学题吗？ 知识拓展 (1)常见的特殊疑问词： 疑问代词 who， what， which 等和疑问副词 how， when， where 等。 (2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句

35、，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、 同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。 (3)通常用在 tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss 等动词 后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时， 不定式通常用主动 形式。 即学即练句型转换/完成句子 The teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment. The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment(作宾语) The problem is wh

36、ere we should put this computer. The problem is where to put this computer(作表语) I have no idea what I can say about this. I have no idea what to say about this.(同位语) 我们决定不了晚饭吃什么。 We cant decide what to eat for dinner. 重点句式 3 before 引导时间状语从句 12 (教材 P15)Nevertheless, it will take some years before mos

37、t new homes begin to use this new technology. 然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。 句式分析：句中 before 引导的是一个时间状语从句。 例 1It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 例 2Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 知识拓展 (1)“It was时间段before.”表示“过了多久才”。 从句常用一般过 去时。 (2)“It was not lon

38、g before.”意为“不久就”。从句常用一般过去时。 (3)“It will not be long before.”表示“不久就会”。从句常用一般现在 时。 (4)“It will be时间段before.”表示“要过多久才”。 从句常用一般 现在时。 即学即练完成句子 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 If you miss this chance, it will be years before you get another one. 不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。 It wont be long before we get used to the new s

39、chool life. 过了三天他才回来。 It was three days before he came back 很长一段时间后她才从手术中康复。 It was a long time before she recovered from the operation. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived 1However, in the nottoodistant future, we will be living in smart homes that will loc

40、k the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when 13 we forget. 分析句中 that will lock the door for us.为 that 引导的限制性定语从句， 修 饰先行词 smart homes；其中有两个 when 引导的时间状语从句。 译文然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能家居中，当我们外出时， 智能家居会为我们锁门，当我们忘记时，智能家居会提醒我们关掉电视。 2. Your lights will come on the instant you enter t

41、he door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. 分析句中 the instant you enter the door.为 the instant 引导的时间状语从 句，相当于 as soon as；and 连接表示顺承关系的并列句，其中 find your dinner already prepared for you 为“find宾语过去分词作宾补”结构。 译文你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目

42、(会自动 播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。 教材高考 1.For example, the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade. (2020全国卷)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling. 2.Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer？ (2020 天 津 卷 )

43、He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. 3. However, in the not too distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away. (2019 天 津 卷 )Tomanypeople, technology means computers, handheld devices, or vehicles that travel t

44、o distant planets. 4.Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. (2019江苏卷)Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meateating animals. 5. Many of these new innovations are already available and being

45、 used in some (2019 全 国 卷 )The trend, then, was toward the “ penny paper ” a term 14 homes.referringtopapersmadewidely available to the public. 6. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness. (2019北京卷)Although she founded her company early on in life ，

46、 she wasnt driven primarily by profit. .单句语法填空 1I was persuaded(persuade)of the usefulness of his new device at that time. 2. Frick had a preference for pretwentieth century Western paintings. 3. The instant they heard the alarm, they fell in for action. 4. After working well for a year the air cond

47、itioner(condition)suddenly started kicking up. 5. It will not be long before the students take the College Entrance Examination. 6. I dont know what you are on about. 7. When to hold (hold)the meeting hasnt been decided. 8. I telegraphed her the instant I arrived there. 9.An older version has been d

48、etected(detect), would you like to upgrade now? 10. A dog that barks constantly(constant)can be a source of annoyance to the neighbours. .短语填空 daily routine, early on, switch on, switch off, catch fire, just about, remote control, in this sense 1First you should switch on the machine before using it

49、. 2. When the clock struck twelve, I switched off TV and went to bed. 3. My daily routine starts with a cup of coffee. 4. Early on, I had a meeting with him to explain our position. 5. The papers in the waste paper basket catch fire 6. In this sense，I may admit that another man is wiser than I am. 7

50、. The place could take just about 2，000 people. 8. He reached for the remote control and pressed the “play” button. .课文语法填空 In the future, we 1.will live(live)in smart homes that will keep us secure, save us 15 energy, and provide a more comfortable environment.Smart homes will control just 2.about