(新教材)人教版(2019)高中英语必修第二册 单元考点解析学案(全册5份打包).zip
Unit1 Cultural heritage 单元考点解析单元考点解析 【核心词汇短语核心词汇短语】 1 application n. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)(教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 (1)make an application (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请 (2)apply vi. 适用,适合;申请,请求vt. 应用,使用 apply to 适用于 apply (to .) for . (向)申请 apply . to . 把应用于 apply oneself to sth./to doing sth. 专心从事;致力于 (3)applicant n. 申请人 The producers should pay attention to the application of new technology to production. 生产者应该注意新技术在生产中的应用。 The district council agreed with the objectors and turned down the application. 区议会同意反对者的意见,拒绝了这一申请。 I made_an_application_to the club for membership. 我申请加入该俱乐部。 All teachers should apply themselves to the teaching cause. 所有的教师都应当致力于教育事业。 2attempt n.试图;尝试(教材 P5) 归纳拓展 (1)make an attempt to do sth. 述图做其事 make an attempt at(doing)sth. (2)attempt to do sth.试图做某事 (3)at the/ones first attempt 第一次尝试 I made_an_attempt_to convince her to change her mind, but I failed completely. 我试图说服她改变主意,但全然不起作用。 To my surprise, she passed the driving test at_the_first_attempt. 令我惊奇的是,她一次就通过了驾照考试。 I attempted_to_speak,_but was told to keep quiet. 我试图发言,但被告知保持安静。 3contrast n. 对比;对照vt. 对比;对照(教材 P8) 归纳 拓展 (1)contrast (between A and B) 对比(A 和 B 之间) in contrast to/with 与截然不同;与对比鲜明; 相比之下 by contrast 相比之下 (2)contrast (A and/with B) 对比;对照 contrast (with sth.)(靠近或作比较时)显出明显的差异, 形成对比 There is an obvious contrast_between_the_cultures_of_East_and_West. 东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。 When you look at their new system, ours seems very oldfashioned by_contrast. 当你看到他们的新系统,相对照之下,我们的系统似乎有些过时。 It is interesting to contrast_the_British_legal_system_with_the_American_one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 Her actions contrasted_sharply_with her promises. 她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。 4contribution n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 (1)make a contribution (contributions) to . 为作出贡 献 (2)contribute vi. forgiven) 原谅;宽恕vt. 对 不起;请原谅(教材 P7) 归纳 拓展 (1)forgive sb./yourself (for sth./for doing sth.) 原谅某人/ 你自己(为某事/为做某事) forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事 (2)forgiveness n. 原谅;宽恕;宽宏大量 Ill never forgive_her_for what she did. 我绝不会原谅她做的事。 Forgive_me_for_interrupting,_but I really dont agree with that. 请原谅我打断一下,不过我确实不同意那一点。 He begged forgiveness for what he had done. 他乞求饶恕他的所作所为。 9give way to 让步;屈服;让路;被代替(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 give up 放弃 give sth. up to 把某物让给(献给) give away 泄露(机密);暴露;分发(奖品等);捐赠 give in (to) (向)屈服,(向)让步 give off 发出(光、热、气味等) give out 分发;用尽 You should always give_way_to pedestrians at a zebra crossing. 在斑马线上你必须给行人让路。 He gave_up his job and started traveling around the world. 他放弃了工作,开始环游世界。 Rotten eggs give_off a bad smell. 臭蛋散发出难闻的气味。 They stood there, giving_out the leaflets to the passers-by. 他们站在那里, 向过路人散发传单。 10 historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的(教材 P8) 归纳 拓展 (1)history n. 历史;历史学 sth. will go down in history 某事将被载入史册 (2)historically adv. 历史上地;从历史观点上说 Today is a historic occasion for our country. 今天是我国具有历史意义的日子。 Historically this has always been an area of frequent earthquakes. 从历史角度来讲,这个地区一直都是地震频发区域。 易混辨析:historic, historical historic有历史意义的;历史的 通常用以表示具有重要历史意义 historical与历史有关的 通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实 Wherever he goes, he always goes to visit the local beauty spots and places of historical interest. 每到一个地方,他都要去看看当地的名胜古迹。 11lead to 导致(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 lead sb. to . 带领某人通往;引导某人去 lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事 lead a . life 过着的生活 lead the way 带路 lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 in the lead 领先;处于领先地位 take the lead 带头;领先 Laziness led_to his failure, while hard work led_to his brothers success. 懒惰导致了他的失败,而努力工作使他弟弟成功了。 With him leading_the_way,_we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would lead_to serious consequences. His action led us to believe that he was our true friend. 有他带路,我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他,我们就可能迷路了, 这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。 名师点津“引起,导致,造成”的表达方式还有: result in, contribute to, bring about, cause 等。 12likely adj. 可能的adv. 可能地(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 (1)be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 (2)It is likely that . 有可能 These developments are_likely_to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. 这些发展,可能使得我们现在的骚扰电话问题变得更加糟糕。 Its more than likely_that the thieves don t know how much it is worth. 盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。 易混辨析:possible, probable, likely possible 表示客观上潜在的可能性,不能用人作主语。常用于 It is possible to do sth.或 It is possible that . 结构 probable 表示可能性很大,是依据实际或逻辑进行的合理猜测。不能用人作主 语。常用于 It is probable to do sth.或 It is probable that . 结构中 likely 表达的可能性比 possible 强,比 probable 弱,通常表示某种行为的发 生或状态的出现是预料之中的。主语可以是人或事物 It isnt remotely possible that you will be chosen to go. 挑选你去的可能性并非很小。 It is probable that the disease has a genetic element. 这种疾病很可能有遗传因素。 13loss n. 丧失;损失(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 (1)suffer great/heavy/huge losses 遭受巨大的损失 at a loss 困惑,不知所措 (2)lose v. 丢失;丧失,失去;输掉;错过(机会) (3)lost adj. 迷路的;丢失的 be lost in thought 陷入沉思 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 在那些树木遭到极度缺水的地区,大树的减少是很严重的。 He suffered a temporary loss of memory. 他暂时丧失了记忆。 The death of the novelist means a great loss to the country. 这位小说家的去世对这个国家来说是一个巨大的损失。 He is always at_a_loss what to say in front of strangers. 他在陌生人面前总是不知要说什么。 14take part in 参加 (教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 have a/an . part/role in 在中起作用,在中 扮演角色 play the part/role of . 演的角色 for my part 就我而言 for the most part 通常,多半 He took_part_in the composition contest and won a prize. 他参加作文比赛并得了奖。 The contributors are, for_the_most_part,_professional scientists. 投稿者大多是专业科学家。 They appealed to women to take_an_active_part_in the work. 他们呼吁妇女积极参加这项工作。 名师点津part前若有修饰语,则要加不定冠词,如take an active part in。 15preserve vt. 保存;保护;维持n. 保护区(教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 (1)preserve sb./sth. (from sth.) 保护免遭伤害 preserve sth. for 为而保存/保留某物 be well preserved 保存得很好 (2)keep sth. in preserveput sth. on preserve 保存/保留某 物 (3)preservationist n. 文物保护者;环境保护者 The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。 It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. 警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。 Pantanal is one of the worlds greatest wildlife preserves. 潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一。 People should preserve/protect children from being hurt. 人们应该保护儿童免于受伤害。 The house fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists have reconstructed the roofs. 这座房子年久失修,但一群古建筑保护者已翻盖了房顶。 易混辨析:preserve, reserve preserve主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存,使不受破坏,能长久保存下 去。 The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve preserve dead bodies from decay. 古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法,使其避免腐烂。 reserve指事先预留下来以备后用。也可用于预订房间、票、座位等。 (强调提前/事先) Dont take the seats in the first three rows, which are reserved for guests. 前三排座位不要坐人,是留给客人坐的。 prevent v.阻止;妨碍;阻挠(教材 P4) 归纳拓展 阻止干某事: prevent 十宾语十(from)doing) stop宾语(from)doing keep 十宾语from doing protect.from/against . 保护不受侵袭(from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物) Nothing can prevent/stop/keep their plans from being carried out. 什么都不能阻止他们的计划实施。 Nothing can prevent/stop us going swimming. 什么也阻挡不了我们去游泳。 They were_stopped/prevented/kept_from_entering the burning building. 他们被拦在了燃烧的大楼外面。 名师点津prevent/stop sb. from doing 中 from 可以省略;keep sb. from doing 中 from 不可以省略。但用于被动语态中时,三个短语中的 from 都不能省 略。 16promote vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级(教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 (1)get/be promoted to . 被提升到职位 (2)promotion n. 晋升 get a promotion 得到提升 The band has gone on tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。 He was_promoted_to captain. 他被提升为上尉。 His promotion means a raise in salary. 他的升职意味着加薪。 17tradition n. 传统;传统的信仰或风格(教材 P8) 归纳 拓展 (1)by tradition 按照传统 in the tradition of 具有的传统/风格 (2)traditional adj. 传统的 (3)traditionally adv. 传统地 By_tradition,_ children play tricks on 1 April. 按照传统风俗,儿童在 4 月 1 日捣乱戏弄别人。 Hes a politician in_the_tradition_of (similar in style to) Kennedy. 他是位具有肯尼迪风格的政治家。 Its traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. 感恩节时吃火鸡是美国的传统。 Housework has traditionally been regarded as womens work. 家务劳动历来被认为是妇女的事。 18worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的(教材 P5) President Xis trip to Korea last week seemed to have been worthwhile. 习主席上周的朝鲜之行似乎是值得的。 Our problem is finding worthwhile work for people to do, not finding workers to produce the goods we consume. 我们的问题是找到值得人们去做的工作,不是找工人去生产我们消费的商 品。 易混辨析:worth, worthy, worthwhile The suggestion he came up with was 【核心句型核心句型】 1The volunteers also visit middle schools in the area in order to talk to local teenagers.(教材 P3) 为了和当地的青少年谈话志愿者也拜访了这个地区的中学。 归纳拓展为了 in order that . so as to . so that . He got up early in_order_not_to miss the early bus. 他很早起床,以免错过早班车。 She arrived early in_order_that/so_that she could get a good seat. She arrived early in_order_to get a good seat. 她提早到达,目的是得到一个好座位。 名师点津(1)in order to 既可置于句首,又可置于句中;而 so as to 只可置 于句中,不可置于句首。另外, in order to/so as to 的否定形式为 in order not to/so as not to。 (2)表达“为了”“目的是”也可用 in order that/so that . 引导目的状语 从句,从句中谓语动词前常带有 may, might, can, could 等情态动词。 2 There_comes_a_time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.(教材 P4) 新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们 不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 剖析 there comes a time 是 there is a time 的变体,或者是 a time comes there 的倒装,意思是“一个时间/时刻/时代到 了”。句中 a time 意为“一段时间、某个时间”;when 后 面的句子为定语从句,先行词为 a time。 归纳 拓展 (1)There is a time when . 有一段时间;This was a time when . 这是一个的时期。 (2)It/This/That is the first/second/last time that . “这/那是 第一次/第二次/最后一次”,that 从句的谓语动词用现在 完成时。如果 is 改为 was,则 that 从句的谓语动词用过 去完成时,that 可以省略。 There_comes_a_time when you have to be alone. 总有那么一个时候你只能一个人待着。 There_was_a_time_when Zhang Yi and I were good friends, but now we are like strangers. 曾有一段时间,我和张毅是好朋友,但现在我们就像陌生人。 This_was_a_time_when he often quarrelled with his wife. 这是一个他经常和他妻子吵架的时期。 This_is_the_first_time_that I have been to Guilin. 这是我第一次去桂林。 It_was_the_second_time_that I had met such a kind man. 这是我第二次遇见这么好的一个人。 3 Not_only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.(教材 P4) 这些国家不仅仅发现了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来 发展之路,也认识到了多国同心协力创造美好未来的可 能性。 剖析 not only .but also .结构中,有时为了强调,可将 not only 置于句首,此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形 式。倒装的时候,not only倒装,but also正常语序。 归纳 拓展 (1)not only . but also . 意为“不但而且”,用 于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者。 (2)当 not only . but also . 连接两个主语时,谓语动词 的数原则上与其相邻近的主语保持一致。 (3)当 not only . but also . 连接两个分句时,not only 若位于句首,not only 所在的句子要部分倒装,but also 后面的分句不倒装。 (4)not only 只能连用,而 but also 即可以连用,也可以 分开用,also 也可以省略。 Not_only has she been late for three times, but she has also done no work. 她不仅迟到了 3 次,而且还没干一点活。 We go there not_only in winter but_also in summer. 我们不仅冬天去那儿,而且夏天也去。 Hes not_only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique. 他不仅非常快,而且技术高超。 Not_only you but_(also) Jim is to blame for this. 这件事不但怪你也怪吉姆。 4Today, the caves are just as_international_as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.(教材 P8) 今天,这些洞穴和当时人们在丝绸之路上跋涉时一样国 际化。 剖析 句中的 as international as 为“asadj.as”结构,其中第 一个 as 为副词,第二个 as 为连词。 归纳 拓展 (1)as . as . 意为“像/和一样”,表示同级比较,两 个 as 之间通常用形容词或副词的原级。as . as . 的否 定形式为 not as/so . as . 。 (2)as . as . 结构有以下几种常见形式 asadj.a(n)可数名词单数as . asmany可数名词复数as . asmuch不可数名词as . This room is as_big_as that one. 这个房间和那个房间一样大。 This room is not_as/so_big_as that one. 这个房间不如那个房间大。 He is as_nice_a_boy_as Peter (is) 他和彼得一样都是好孩子。 She has as_many_friends_as Mary (does) 她和玛丽一样有许多朋友。 5By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet,the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in Chinas ancient history,culture,and traditions.(教材 P8) 通过在互联网上分享这么多的数码照片,该组织希望在世界各地促进 人们对中国古代历史、文化和传统的更广泛兴趣。 剖析 by+doing 意为通过做某事,这句话中 by 是介词,用来表示方法、 手段、方式,意为凭借;靠;用;通过,后接动词的-ing 形式。在句中作 方式状语。 by表示达到目的的手段或方 式,后常跟表示交通工具 的名词,如果后跟动词用 v.-ing 形式 make a living by singing, study by reading, by bus,by air,by hand withwith 十具体的工具/身体 部位 cut the pear with a knife,make a dress with my hands inin语言/材料/方式限定 词/交通工具 talk in Chinese,write in ink, in his car, speak in a low voice 归纳拓 展 onon 十限定词交通工具 或用于某些固定词组 on a bus,on his bike, on the radio,on TV, on the Internet By_doing_this he set an example to the rest of the world. 这样做,他为全世界的其他人树立了榜样。 By_watching_movies,_I know a lot about the history of Beijing Opera. 我通过看电影了解了很多关于京剧的历史。 Unit2 Wild life protection 单元考点解析单元考点解析 【核心词汇短语核心词汇短语】 1adapt vi. 适应vt. 使适应;使适合(教材 P15) 归纳 拓展 (1)adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应 adapt sth. to do sth. 改装某物以便做某事 adapt sth. for sb. 修改某物供某人使用 be adapted for sth. 改编成某物 (2)adaptation n. 适应;改编(本) It took him a while to adapt_himself_to his new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。 The house was_adapted_for wheelchair users. 为方便轮椅使用者,对房子进行了改造。 When it comes to adaptation,_it is important to understand that climate change is a process. 当谈到适应时,理解气候改变是一个过程很重要。 2 average n. 平均数;平均水平adj. 平均的;正常的; 普通的(教材 P14) 归纳 拓展 (1)above/below average 平均水平以上/以下 on average 平均 an average of 平均为 (2)average out (at sth.) 平均数为 The average age of the students is 15. 学生的平均年龄是 15 岁。 Parents spend an_average_of $220 a year on toys for their children. 父母一年平均在孩子玩具上的花销为 220 美元。 These marks are above/below_average. 这些分数在一般水平以上/以下。 400 people a year die of this disease on_average. 平均每年有 400 人死于这种疾病。 The cost should average_out at about 6 per person. 费用应该是平均每人约 6 英镑。 3aware adj. 知道;发觉;有意识的(教材 P14) 归纳 拓展 (1)be/become aware of . 知道/明白/意识到 be/become aware that . 知道/明白/意识到 make sb. aware of sth. 让某人明白某事 as far as Im aware . 据我所知 (2)awareness n. 意识,觉悟 The children are_aware_of the danger of taking drugs. 孩子们知道吸毒的危害。 If she had_been_aware_that the mushrooms were poisonous, she wouldnt have picked them for dinner. 她那时要是知道这些蘑菇有毒,就不会采来做晚餐。 Everybody should be_made_aware_of the risks involved. 应该让人人都知道所涉及到的风险。 It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。 4concern vt. 涉及;让担忧(教材 P15) 归纳 拓展 (1)concern oneself about/with . 担忧/关心/使感 兴趣 concern sb./sth. 与有关;关系着 (2)feel/show concern about/for . 担心/关心/挂念 sb.s concern 某人的责任 (3)concerned adj. 担心的;关切的 be concerned with 与有关的 be concerned about/for 担心/关心 be concerned that . 担心 as far as . be concerned 就而言 (4)concerning prep. 有关,关于,涉及 He didnt concern_himself_with the details. 他对细节不感兴趣。 We are all concerned_about/for your safety. 我们都关心你的安全。 Thats good news, but as_far_as_Im_concerned,_its not good enough. 这是一个好消息,但就我而言,这还不够好。 The money side of the business is your_concern. 这件事钱的方面由你负责。 She was_concerned_that she might miss the turning and get lost. 她担心自己会错过转弯的地方而迷路。 5in danger of 有危险(教材 P15) 归纳 拓展 (1)out of danger 脱离危险 a danger to . 对有危险;对是危险的人或物 (2)dangerous adj. 危险的 This kind of animal is in_danger_of becoming extinct. 这种动物有灭绝的危险。 My father has been very ill, but the doctor says he is out_of_danger now. 我父亲一直病得很重,但医生说他现在已脱离危险。 A careless driver is a_danger_to the public. 粗心的驾驶员对于公众是一种危险。 The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous. 这些逃犯残暴而危险。 易混辨析:in danger, dangerous in danger指人或物本身处于危险中,受到外来的威胁 dangerous指人、物、事态可能引起危险,对别人构成威胁 6die out 灭亡;逐渐消失(教材 P14) 归纳 拓展 die off 相继死去,先后死去 die down 逐渐变弱,逐渐平息 die away (尤指声音)逐渐减弱,逐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die from 死于(强调外因,如污染、事故、地震等) die of 死于(强调内因,如疾病、衰老、悲伤等) Scientists said that those plants died_out a century ago. 科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就灭绝了。 She waited until the footsteps had died_away. 她一直等到脚步声渐渐消失。 After a while, the wind began to die_down. 过了一会儿,风开始减弱。 More than half of patients die_of the disease. 有超过半数的患者死于该病。 7due to 由于;因为(教材 P18) 归纳 拓展 表示“因为,由于”的其他短语有: (1)because of 比其他短语更口语化;其构成的短语通常 作状语,一般不作表语。 (2)thanks to “幸亏,多亏”。通常用于好的方面,但有时 用作反语,由其构成的短语可置于句首或句末。 (3)owing to 构成的介词短语可以作状语或表语,作状语 时,习惯上用逗号和句子的其他部分隔开。 Eventually, his scho
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Unit1 Cultural heritage 单元考点解析单元考点解析 【核心词汇短语核心词汇短语】 1 application n. 申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)(教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 (1)make an application (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请 (2)apply vi. 适用,适合;申请,请求vt. 应用,使用 apply to 适用于 apply (to .) for . (向)申请 apply . to . 把应用于 apply oneself to sth./to doing sth. 专心从事;致力于 (3)applicant n. 申请人 The producers should pay attention to the application of new technology to production. 生产者应该注意新技术在生产中的应用。 The district council agreed with the objectors and turned down the application. 区议会同意反对者的意见,拒绝了这一申请。 I made_an_application_to the club for membership. 我申请加入该俱乐部。 All teachers should apply themselves to the teaching cause. 所有的教师都应当致力于教育事业。 2attempt n.试图;尝试(教材 P5) 归纳拓展 (1)make an attempt to do sth. 述图做其事 make an attempt at(doing)sth. (2)attempt to do sth.试图做某事 (3)at the/ones first attempt 第一次尝试 I made_an_attempt_to convince her to change her mind, but I failed completely. 我试图说服她改变主意,但全然不起作用。 To my surprise, she passed the driving test at_the_first_attempt. 令我惊奇的是,她一次就通过了驾照考试。 I attempted_to_speak,_but was told to keep quiet. 我试图发言,但被告知保持安静。 3contrast n. 对比;对照vt. 对比;对照(教材 P8) 归纳 拓展 (1)contrast (between A and B) 对比(A 和 B 之间) in contrast to/with 与截然不同;与对比鲜明; 相比之下 by contrast 相比之下 (2)contrast (A and/with B) 对比;对照 contrast (with sth.)(靠近或作比较时)显出明显的差异, 形成对比 There is an obvious contrast_between_the_cultures_of_East_and_West. 东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。 When you look at their new system, ours seems very oldfashioned by_contrast. 当你看到他们的新系统,相对照之下,我们的系统似乎有些过时。 It is interesting to contrast_the_British_legal_system_with_the_American_one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 Her actions contrasted_sharply_with her promises. 她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。 4contribution n. 捐款;贡献;捐赠(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 (1)make a contribution (contributions) to . 为作出贡 献 (2)contribute vi. forgiven) 原谅;宽恕vt. 对 不起;请原谅(教材 P7) 归纳 拓展 (1)forgive sb./yourself (for sth./for doing sth.) 原谅某人/ 你自己(为某事/为做某事) forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事 (2)forgiveness n. 原谅;宽恕;宽宏大量 Ill never forgive_her_for what she did. 我绝不会原谅她做的事。 Forgive_me_for_interrupting,_but I really dont agree with that. 请原谅我打断一下,不过我确实不同意那一点。 He begged forgiveness for what he had done. 他乞求饶恕他的所作所为。 9give way to 让步;屈服;让路;被代替(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 give up 放弃 give sth. up to 把某物让给(献给) give away 泄露(机密);暴露;分发(奖品等);捐赠 give in (to) (向)屈服,(向)让步 give off 发出(光、热、气味等) give out 分发;用尽 You should always give_way_to pedestrians at a zebra crossing. 在斑马线上你必须给行人让路。 He gave_up his job and started traveling around the world. 他放弃了工作,开始环游世界。 Rotten eggs give_off a bad smell. 臭蛋散发出难闻的气味。 They stood there, giving_out the leaflets to the passers-by. 他们站在那里, 向过路人散发传单。 10 historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的(教材 P8) 归纳 拓展 (1)history n. 历史;历史学 sth. will go down in history 某事将被载入史册 (2)historically adv. 历史上地;从历史观点上说 Today is a historic occasion for our country. 今天是我国具有历史意义的日子。 Historically this has always been an area of frequent earthquakes. 从历史角度来讲,这个地区一直都是地震频发区域。 易混辨析:historic, historical historic有历史意义的;历史的 通常用以表示具有重要历史意义 historical与历史有关的 通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实 Wherever he goes, he always goes to visit the local beauty spots and places of historical interest. 每到一个地方,他都要去看看当地的名胜古迹。 11lead to 导致(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 lead sb. to . 带领某人通往;引导某人去 lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事 lead a . life 过着的生活 lead the way 带路 lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走 in the lead 领先;处于领先地位 take the lead 带头;领先 Laziness led_to his failure, while hard work led_to his brothers success. 懒惰导致了他的失败,而努力工作使他弟弟成功了。 With him leading_the_way,_we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would lead_to serious consequences. His action led us to believe that he was our true friend. 有他带路,我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他,我们就可能迷路了, 这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。 名师点津“引起,导致,造成”的表达方式还有: result in, contribute to, bring about, cause 等。 12likely adj. 可能的adv. 可能地(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 (1)be likely to do sth. 可能做某事 (2)It is likely that . 有可能 These developments are_likely_to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. 这些发展,可能使得我们现在的骚扰电话问题变得更加糟糕。 Its more than likely_that the thieves don t know how much it is worth. 盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。 易混辨析:possible, probable, likely possible 表示客观上潜在的可能性,不能用人作主语。常用于 It is possible to do sth.或 It is possible that . 结构 probable 表示可能性很大,是依据实际或逻辑进行的合理猜测。不能用人作主 语。常用于 It is probable to do sth.或 It is probable that . 结构中 likely 表达的可能性比 possible 强,比 probable 弱,通常表示某种行为的发 生或状态的出现是预料之中的。主语可以是人或事物 It isnt remotely possible that you will be chosen to go. 挑选你去的可能性并非很小。 It is probable that the disease has a genetic element. 这种疾病很可能有遗传因素。 13loss n. 丧失;损失(教材 P4) 归纳 拓展 (1)suffer great/heavy/huge losses 遭受巨大的损失 at a loss 困惑,不知所措 (2)lose v. 丢失;丧失,失去;输掉;错过(机会) (3)lost adj. 迷路的;丢失的 be lost in thought 陷入沉思 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. 在那些树木遭到极度缺水的地区,大树的减少是很严重的。 He suffered a temporary loss of memory. 他暂时丧失了记忆。 The death of the novelist means a great loss to the country. 这位小说家的去世对这个国家来说是一个巨大的损失。 He is always at_a_loss what to say in front of strangers. 他在陌生人面前总是不知要说什么。 14take part in 参加 (教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 have a/an . part/role in 在中起作用,在中 扮演角色 play the part/role of . 演的角色 for my part 就我而言 for the most part 通常,多半 He took_part_in the composition contest and won a prize. 他参加作文比赛并得了奖。 The contributors are, for_the_most_part,_professional scientists. 投稿者大多是专业科学家。 They appealed to women to take_an_active_part_in the work. 他们呼吁妇女积极参加这项工作。 名师点津part前若有修饰语,则要加不定冠词,如take an active part in。 15preserve vt. 保存;保护;维持n. 保护区(教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 (1)preserve sb./sth. (from sth.) 保护免遭伤害 preserve sth. for 为而保存/保留某物 be well preserved 保存得很好 (2)keep sth. in preserveput sth. on preserve 保存/保留某 物 (3)preservationist n. 文物保护者;环境保护者 The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。 It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. 警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。 Pantanal is one of the worlds greatest wildlife preserves. 潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的野生动物保护区之一。 People should preserve/protect children from being hurt. 人们应该保护儿童免于受伤害。 The house fell into disrepair but a group of preservationists have reconstructed the roofs. 这座房子年久失修,但一群古建筑保护者已翻盖了房顶。 易混辨析:preserve, reserve preserve主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存,使不受破坏,能长久保存下 去。 The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve preserve dead bodies from decay. 古埃及人懂得保存尸体的方法,使其避免腐烂。 reserve指事先预留下来以备后用。也可用于预订房间、票、座位等。 (强调提前/事先) Dont take the seats in the first three rows, which are reserved for guests. 前三排座位不要坐人,是留给客人坐的。 prevent v.阻止;妨碍;阻挠(教材 P4) 归纳拓展 阻止干某事: prevent 十宾语十(from)doing) stop宾语(from)doing keep 十宾语from doing protect.from/against . 保护不受侵袭(from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物) Nothing can prevent/stop/keep their plans from being carried out. 什么都不能阻止他们的计划实施。 Nothing can prevent/stop us going swimming. 什么也阻挡不了我们去游泳。 They were_stopped/prevented/kept_from_entering the burning building. 他们被拦在了燃烧的大楼外面。 名师点津prevent/stop sb. from doing 中 from 可以省略;keep sb. from doing 中 from 不可以省略。但用于被动语态中时,三个短语中的 from 都不能省 略。 16promote vt. 促进;提升;推销;晋级(教材 P3) 归纳 拓展 (1)get/be promoted to . 被提升到职位 (2)promotion n. 晋升 get a promotion 得到提升 The band has gone on tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。 He was_promoted_to captain. 他被提升为上尉。 His promotion means a raise in salary. 他的升职意味着加薪。 17tradition n. 传统;传统的信仰或风格(教材 P8) 归纳 拓展 (1)by tradition 按照传统 in the tradition of 具有的传统/风格 (2)traditional adj. 传统的 (3)traditionally adv. 传统地 By_tradition,_ children play tricks on 1 April. 按照传统风俗,儿童在 4 月 1 日捣乱戏弄别人。 Hes a politician in_the_tradition_of (similar in style to) Kennedy. 他是位具有肯尼迪风格的政治家。 Its traditional in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. 感恩节时吃火鸡是美国的传统。 Housework has traditionally been regarded as womens work. 家务劳动历来被认为是妇女的事。 18worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的(教材 P5) President Xis trip to Korea last week seemed to have been worthwhile. 习主席上周的朝鲜之行似乎是值得的。 Our problem is finding worthwhile work for people to do, not finding workers to produce the goods we consume. 我们的问题是找到值得人们去做的工作,不是找工人去生产我们消费的商 品。 易混辨析:worth, worthy, worthwhile The suggestion he came up with was 【核心句型核心句型】 1The volunteers also visit middle schools in the area in order to talk to local teenagers.(教材 P3) 为了和当地的青少年谈话志愿者也拜访了这个地区的中学。 归纳拓展为了 in order that . so as to . so that . He got up early in_order_not_to miss the early bus. 他很早起床,以免错过早班车。 She arrived early in_order_that/so_that she could get a good seat. She arrived early in_order_to get a good seat. 她提早到达,目的是得到一个好座位。 名师点津(1)in order to 既可置于句首,又可置于句中;而 so as to 只可置 于句中,不可置于句首。另外, in order to/so as to 的否定形式为 in order not to/so as not to。 (2)表达“为了”“目的是”也可用 in order that/so that . 引导目的状语 从句,从句中谓语动词前常带有 may, might, can, could 等情态动词。 2 There_comes_a_time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.(教材 P4) 新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们 不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 剖析 there comes a time 是 there is a time 的变体,或者是 a time comes there 的倒装,意思是“一个时间/时刻/时代到 了”。句中 a time 意为“一段时间、某个时间”;when 后 面的句子为定语从句,先行词为 a time。 归纳 拓展 (1)There is a time when . 有一段时间;This was a time when . 这是一个的时期。 (2)It/This/That is the first/second/last time that . “这/那是 第一次/第二次/最后一次”,that 从句的谓语动词用现在 完成时。如果 is 改为 was,则 that 从句的谓语动词用过 去完成时,that 可以省略。 There_comes_a_time when you have to be alone. 总有那么一个时候你只能一个人待着。 There_was_a_time_when Zhang Yi and I were good friends, but now we are like strangers. 曾有一段时间,我和张毅是好朋友,但现在我们就像陌生人。 This_was_a_time_when he often quarrelled with his wife. 这是一个他经常和他妻子吵架的时期。 This_is_the_first_time_that I have been to Guilin. 这是我第一次去桂林。 It_was_the_second_time_that I had met such a kind man. 这是我第二次遇见这么好的一个人。 3 Not_only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.(教材 P4) 这些国家不仅仅发现了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来 发展之路,也认识到了多国同心协力创造美好未来的可 能性。 剖析 not only .but also .结构中,有时为了强调,可将 not only 置于句首,此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形 式。倒装的时候,not only倒装,but also正常语序。 归纳 拓展 (1)not only . but also . 意为“不但而且”,用 于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者。 (2)当 not only . but also . 连接两个主语时,谓语动词 的数原则上与其相邻近的主语保持一致。 (3)当 not only . but also . 连接两个分句时,not only 若位于句首,not only 所在的句子要部分倒装,but also 后面的分句不倒装。 (4)not only 只能连用,而 but also 即可以连用,也可以 分开用,also 也可以省略。 Not_only has she been late for three times, but she has also done no work. 她不仅迟到了 3 次,而且还没干一点活。 We go there not_only in winter but_also in summer. 我们不仅冬天去那儿,而且夏天也去。 Hes not_only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique. 他不仅非常快,而且技术高超。 Not_only you but_(also) Jim is to blame for this. 这件事不但怪你也怪吉姆。 4Today, the caves are just as_international_as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.(教材 P8) 今天,这些洞穴和当时人们在丝绸之路上跋涉时一样国 际化。 剖析 句中的 as international as 为“asadj.as”结构,其中第 一个 as 为副词,第二个 as 为连词。 归纳 拓展 (1)as . as . 意为“像/和一样”,表示同级比较,两 个 as 之间通常用形容词或副词的原级。as . as . 的否 定形式为 not as/so . as . 。 (2)as . as . 结构有以下几种常见形式 asadj.a(n)可数名词单数as . asmany可数名词复数as . asmuch不可数名词as . This room is as_big_as that one. 这个房间和那个房间一样大。 This room is not_as/so_big_as that one. 这个房间不如那个房间大。 He is as_nice_a_boy_as Peter (is) 他和彼得一样都是好孩子。 She has as_many_friends_as Mary (does) 她和玛丽一样有许多朋友。 5By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet,the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in Chinas ancient history,culture,and traditions.(教材 P8) 通过在互联网上分享这么多的数码照片,该组织希望在世界各地促进 人们对中国古代历史、文化和传统的更广泛兴趣。 剖析 by+doing 意为通过做某事,这句话中 by 是介词,用来表示方法、 手段、方式,意为凭借;靠;用;通过,后接动词的-ing 形式。在句中作 方式状语。 by表示达到目的的手段或方 式,后常跟表示交通工具 的名词,如果后跟动词用 v.-ing 形式 make a living by singing, study by reading, by bus,by air,by hand withwith 十具体的工具/身体 部位 cut the pear with a knife,make a dress with my hands inin语言/材料/方式限定 词/交通工具 talk in Chinese,write in ink, in his car, speak in a low voice 归纳拓 展 onon 十限定词交通工具 或用于某些固定词组 on a bus,on his bike, on the radio,on TV, on the Internet By_doing_this he set an example to the rest of the world. 这样做,他为全世界的其他人树立了榜样。 By_watching_movies,_I know a lot about the history of Beijing Opera. 我通过看电影了解了很多关于京剧的历史。 Unit2 Wild life protection 单元考点解析单元考点解析 【核心词汇短语核心词汇短语】 1adapt vi. 适应vt. 使适应;使适合(教材 P15) 归纳 拓展 (1)adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应 adapt sth. to do sth. 改装某物以便做某事 adapt sth. for sb. 修改某物供某人使用 be adapted for sth. 改编成某物 (2)adaptation n. 适应;改编(本) It took him a while to adapt_himself_to his new surroundings. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。 The house was_adapted_for wheelchair users. 为方便轮椅使用者,对房子进行了改造。 When it comes to adaptation,_it is important to understand that climate change is a process. 当谈到适应时,理解气候改变是一个过程很重要。 2 average n. 平均数;平均水平adj. 平均的;正常的; 普通的(教材 P14) 归纳 拓展 (1)above/below average 平均水平以上/以下 on average 平均 an average of 平均为 (2)average out (at sth.) 平均数为 The average age of the students is 15. 学生的平均年龄是 15 岁。 Parents spend an_average_of $220 a year on toys for their children. 父母一年平均在孩子玩具上的花销为 220 美元。 These marks are above/below_average. 这些分数在一般水平以上/以下。 400 people a year die of this disease on_average. 平均每年有 400 人死于这种疾病。 The cost should average_out at about 6 per person. 费用应该是平均每人约 6 英镑。 3aware adj. 知道;发觉;有意识的(教材 P14) 归纳 拓展 (1)be/become aware of . 知道/明白/意识到 be/become aware that . 知道/明白/意识到 make sb. aware of sth. 让某人明白某事 as far as Im aware . 据我所知 (2)awareness n. 意识,觉悟 The children are_aware_of the danger of taking drugs. 孩子们知道吸毒的危害。 If she had_been_aware_that the mushrooms were poisonous, she wouldnt have picked them for dinner. 她那时要是知道这些蘑菇有毒,就不会采来做晚餐。 Everybody should be_made_aware_of the risks involved. 应该让人人都知道所涉及到的风险。 It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。 4concern vt. 涉及;让担忧(教材 P15) 归纳 拓展 (1)concern oneself about/with . 担忧/关心/使感 兴趣 concern sb./sth. 与有关;关系着 (2)feel/show concern about/for . 担心/关心/挂念 sb.s concern 某人的责任 (3)concerned adj. 担心的;关切的 be concerned with 与有关的 be concerned about/for 担心/关心 be concerned that . 担心 as far as . be concerned 就而言 (4)concerning prep. 有关,关于,涉及 He didnt concern_himself_with the details. 他对细节不感兴趣。 We are all concerned_about/for your safety. 我们都关心你的安全。 Thats good news, but as_far_as_Im_concerned,_its not good enough. 这是一个好消息,但就我而言,这还不够好。 The money side of the business is your_concern. 这件事钱的方面由你负责。 She was_concerned_that she might miss the turning and get lost. 她担心自己会错过转弯的地方而迷路。 5in danger of 有危险(教材 P15) 归纳 拓展 (1)out of danger 脱离危险 a danger to . 对有危险;对是危险的人或物 (2)dangerous adj. 危险的 This kind of animal is in_danger_of becoming extinct. 这种动物有灭绝的危险。 My father has been very ill, but the doctor says he is out_of_danger now. 我父亲一直病得很重,但医生说他现在已脱离危险。 A careless driver is a_danger_to the public. 粗心的驾驶员对于公众是一种危险。 The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous. 这些逃犯残暴而危险。 易混辨析:in danger, dangerous in danger指人或物本身处于危险中,受到外来的威胁 dangerous指人、物、事态可能引起危险,对别人构成威胁 6die out 灭亡;逐渐消失(教材 P14) 归纳 拓展 die off 相继死去,先后死去 die down 逐渐变弱,逐渐平息 die away (尤指声音)逐渐减弱,逐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die from 死于(强调外因,如污染、事故、地震等) die of 死于(强调内因,如疾病、衰老、悲伤等) Scientists said that those plants died_out a century ago. 科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就灭绝了。 She waited until the footsteps had died_away. 她一直等到脚步声渐渐消失。 After a while, the wind began to die_down. 过了一会儿,风开始减弱。 More than half of patients die_of the disease. 有超过半数的患者死于该病。 7due to 由于;因为(教材 P18) 归纳 拓展 表示“因为,由于”的其他短语有: (1)because of 比其他短语更口语化;其构成的短语通常 作状语,一般不作表语。 (2)thanks to “幸亏,多亏”。通常用于好的方面,但有时 用作反语,由其构成的短语可置于句首或句末。 (3)owing to 构成的介词短语可以作状语或表语,作状语 时,习惯上用逗号和句子的其他部分隔开。 Eventually, his scho
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