人教版八下-Unit 2 I 'll help to clean up the city parks -Section A Grammar focus 4a—4c-ppt课件-(含教案+微课+素材)-省级优课-(编号：6198e).zip

Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks. Scetion A Grammar 4a-4c. 1、教学目标：1、不定式的基本用法。2、教育孩子们尽可能去帮助他人，如何帮助他人。 2、教学重难点：区分不定式做宾语，宾语补足语、状语的用法。 3、教学内容：Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks. Scetion A Grammar 4a-4c. 4、教学设计： ProcedureOptional approachPurpose Step 1 Warming up Volunteers wanted Watch a video about the problems.(animal hospital,after-school programs,sick kids and homeless people) 通过视频引起学生关注一些 社会问题，热心公益，参与 公益。 Step 2 welcome to my Volunteer class Task 1 Learn more about volunteering work. 1.Exercise, 2.Find out the infinitives and underline them 3.Discuss the infinitives for 5 minutes 4.Conlusion Task 2 Lets learn what we can do to help them. 4a. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of phrasal verbs in the box. Task3 How to help them? 4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct 通过介绍志愿者工作的句子 来学习了解不定式。首先了 解不定式的结构及应用，再 来通过小组学习讨论不定式 做宾语，宾语补足语，状语。 最后得出结论。 加深巩固练习 在文章中的应用 forms of the verbs in the box. Step 3 Lets make a plan to help others. Group work Lets make a plan to help others. Step 1 complete these sentences in 5 minutes Step 2 Show us your volunteering work 讨论制作海报，最后展示。 每个同学都需要再海报上一 句完成的句子，句子开头已 经给出，同学们需要完成一 个不定式的表达句子。 Step 4 Homework1. Try to help others. 2.Write an article about your volunteer work. 通过课堂上的句子，回家后 能独立写一篇完整的短文。 五、教学反思。 Unit 2 Section A Unit 2 Section A Grammar InfinitivesGrammar Infinitives Step 1 Lean about infinitives e.g. Here are many dogs and cats, but we dont have enough doctors. Do you want to take care of them? 1.I hope _(volunteer) at an animal hospital. e.g. The sick kids are very lonely and sad, we want you to cheer them up in the hospital. 3.I could ask my best friend Jack _(tell) stories to them, because he is good at telling stories. e.g. Dont wait! They need your help, lets call up more people to help them. 4.I could put up some notices _(ask) people to raise money for them. e.g. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I help others. Would you like to jion us? 5.Lets invite our classmates_(help) them. Step 2Step 2 Conlusion Conlusion As object: Infinitives:Infinitives: to do sth to do sth . . As object complement: As adverbial : hope/want/agree/learn/like/decide/refuse.+to do sth come/go/.+to do sth. tell /ask / want / would like / invite /teach/ . + sb.+ to do sth. Step3 Exercise Are the infinitives used as object, adverbial or object comeplement? m1.Here are many dogs and cats, but we dont have enough doctors. Do you want to take care of them?(as_) m2.If you are good at reading, dancing or drawing, you can come here to try out for volunteer after-school programs.(as_) m3.The sick kids are very lonely and sad, we want you to cheer them up in the hospital.(as_) m4.Dont wait! They need your help,you could call up more people to help them.(as_) m5.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction. Would you like to join us?(as_) Exercise Exercise: 1. Find out the infinitives and underline them. 2.Are the infinitives used as object, adverbial or object comeplement?And write it down. 1.Here are many dogs and cats, but we dont have enough doctors. Do you want to take care of them? ( _) 2.If you are good at reading, dancing or drawing, you can come to try out for volunteer after-school programs. ( _) 3.The sick kids are very lonely and sad, we want you to cheer them up in the hospital. ( _) 4.Dont wait! They need your help, you could call up more people to help them. ( _) 5.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I help others. Would you like to join us? ( _) 4a. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of phrasal verbs in the box. 1. I want _ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. Im too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. 3. Our class is trying _ some ideas _ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided _signs around the school and_ notices to tell students about the book sale. 5.We will ask more people_ the money from the sale to homeless people. 4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do_ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time. For example, we can make plans_ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year_ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there. put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off help move do make visit spend 4c. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives to make a plan. 不定式用法讲解不定式用法讲解 1.1. 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，通常前面带有小品词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，通常前面带有小品词 toto，有时也可不带，有时也可不带 toto，它，它 可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语： They will set up more evening schools next year. 他们明年要办更多的夜校。 We mustnt fall behind the others. 我们一定不要落在别人后面。 也可以作主语(a)、宾语(b)、表语(c)、定语(d)或是状语(e)： aTo scold her would not be just. 责备她是不公平的。 bWe are planning to build a reservoir here. 我们计划在这里修一座水库。 COne of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture. 我们当前的主要任 务之一是实现农业机械化。 dDo you have anything to declare? 你有什么要申报吗? e. We have come to learn from you. 我们是来向你们学习的。 2.2. 作主语、宾语和表语用的不定式作主语、宾语和表语用的不定式 不定式(短语)常用来作主语： To persevere means victory! 坚持就是胜利！ To complete that building in ten months was a great achievement. 那座楼 10 个月就盖成是一个了不起的成就。 To ignore this would be a mistake. 忽视这一点是错误的。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To act like that is foolish. 这样做是愚蠢的。 To err is human, to forgive divine. 犯错误是人之常情，宽恕才难能可贵。 To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。 但在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，我们常常用代词 it 来代替它作主语，而把它移到 句子后部去，这样使句子显得比较平稳： It isnt right to gossip about others. (=To gossip about others isnt right.) 说闲话是不对的。 It is nice not to be dependent on them. 不依靠他们是好的。 It is not an easy thing to master a language. 学好一种语言是不容易的。 It seems a pity to refuse. 拒绝似乎是很遗憾的。 It only took (us) a year to complete the project. 完成这项工程只花了(我们) 一年时间。 What harm can it do to give advice? 给人出主意有什么不好的? How would it be to start tomorrow? 明天动身怎么样? How much did cost (you) to send the telegram? 拍这份电报(你)花了多少钱? It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 听他这样谈话我们非常气愤。 It feels good to be out here for a while. 出来在这儿待一待是挺舒服的。 It was beyond me to help them. 我无力帮助他们。 It was considered impossible to fail. 人们认为失败是不可能的。 It was decided to bring the matter up at the next meeting. 决定把这问题提到 下次会上讨论。 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个 forfor 引起的短语引起的短语： It is not hard for one to do a bit if good. 一个人做点好事并不难。 It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally. 我们来参加这个大会 是很荣幸的。 It will be a mistake for us not to help them. 我们不帮助他们是错误的。 在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite 等)作表 语时，不定式前常可加一个 of 引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况： Its kind of you to think so much of us. (=Youre so kind to.) 难为你这样 替我们想。 (It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us. 非常感谢你来接我们。 Its very nice of you to be so considerate. 你们想得这样周到是很好的。 Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal. 他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智 的。 不定式用作宾语的时候特别多：不定式用作宾语的时候特别多： He offered to help us. 他提出要帮助我们。 Mary begged to go with us. 玛丽恳求和我们一道去。 I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起小汽车。 We will arrange to see him tomorrow. 我们将安排明天见他。 Some people cant bear to watch a bullfight. 有的人不忍心看斗牛。 She determined to study harder. 她决心更加努力地学习。 I did not think (expect) to find you here. 没想到在这儿碰到你。 They proposed to attack the city at dawn. 他们打算在拂晓时对这城市发起进攻。 You should continue to learn as long as you live. 活到老学到老。 They demanded to know what I had been doing. 他们要求知道我一直在干什么。 He failed to see the other car in time. 他没及时看到另外那辆车。 Children love to listen to fairy tales. 孩子们喜欢听童话故事。 He pledged to stop smoking. 他保证戒烟。 They preferred not to put this on the agenda. 他们宁愿不把这列入议程。 She promised to return in an hour. 她答应一小时后回来。 I am preparing to take the examination on Monday. 我在准备参加礼拜一的考试。 能以不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, forget, promise,mean, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide, learn, desire, agree, care, choose, determine, undertake, expect 等。 另外，tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget 等动词，常用一个带连接代(副)词的不定式作宾语： They will teach us how to repair farm tools. 他仍将教我们怎样修农具。 We must decide whether to go or stay. 我们得决定去还是留。 He didnt know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words. 听了这话 他是啼笑皆非。 No one could tell me where to get the book. 没有人能告诉我哪里能找到这本书。 I hope youll advise me what to do. 我希望你给我出主意怎么办好。 The book explains how to solve the problem. 这本书解释如何回答这个问题。 Dont forget how to unlock it. 别忘了如何开锁。 You can learn how to type there. 在那里你可学习怎样打字。 She considered how to answer the question. 她考虑如何回答这个问题。 另外，在某些复合宾语中，我们常常先用一个 it 代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去， 如： They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. 他们发现不可能把 一切按时准备好。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him about it. 觉得没有必要和他辨论。 I consider it better not to go. 我认为还是不去为好。 这种结构很有用处，例如下面这类句子就都可以这样翻译： 你难道不觉得这样译好些吗？ Dont you think it better to translate it this way? 这种种烦恼使她不能专心工作。 All these worries made it impossible for her to concentrate on her work. 他规定堂上只能讲英语。 He made it a rule only to speak English in class. 她感到有责任指出这一点。 She felt it her duty to point that out. 间或可以看到下面这种句子: I have long had it in mind to answer your letter. 我一直在想给你回信。 She took it on herself to apologize for me. 她亲自出面替我道歉。 He regards it as important to help his friends. 他认为帮助朋友是很重要的。 * 注: 在个别的介词后可用连接代(副)词+不定式这种结构作宾语，如: Everyone has his own idea of how to do it. 如何做这件事各人都有不同的看法。 * 不定式有时也可用以用作表语不定式有时也可用以用作表语: : The problem is to find a solution. 问题是得找出一个解决办法。 Her wish was to become an artist. 她的志愿是成为一个艺术家。 The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是 为大家的幸福而工作。 His job was to make contacts with the local people. 他的任务是联系当地群众。 To do this would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做是削足适履。 The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的是把理论变 为实际。 What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand. 我喜欢 的是在海里游泳，然后躺在暖和的沙上。 有时，在一个汉语句子中，如果主语很长而表语很短，在译为英语时，我们可以把两 者颠倒过来，用上述结构来表示： 培养学生的独立工作能力是我们现在的主要任务。 Our main task now is to develop the students ability to carry on independent work. 仔细分析当前的形势并从而制定我们的政策，是我们最迫切的任务。 Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation and form our policy on the basis of such an analysis. 3.3. 作定语用的不定式作定语用的不定式 不定式作定语的情况很多，在下面这些类型的句子中常可看到这种用法： a. She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings 她晚上经常 有很多会要开。 Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗? b. I want to get something to read during the vacation. 我想找点书假期看。 The teacher assigned us two exercises to do at home. 老师给我们留了两个练习 在家做。 c. Is there anything else to put on the agenda? 还有什么要列入议程的? There are still two more items to include in the programme. 还有两个节目要 列入节目单。 d. That will be the only thing to do now. 这恐怕是目前唯一可行的办法。 He is not a man to bow before difficulties. 他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。 eShe was the first person to think of the idea. 她第一个想到这个主意。 They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts. 他 们总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。 f. We need someone to help with the typing. 我们需要一个人帮助打字。 应当注意，这种不定式很多和它修饰的词有动宾关系(如前四类中的多数句子)。因此， 如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就应有必要的介词，如： She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有很多事要管。 Lets first find a room to put the things in. 我们先找一个房间把东西搁在里 面。 There is nothing (for us) to worry about. 没有什么值得发愁的。 She is a very nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 Is this something to be ashamed of? 难道这有什么见不得人？ 有些名词后常可用一不定式作定语：有些名词后常可用一不定式作定语： The workers and peasants felt a pressing need to learn to read and write. 工人农民那时迫切感到要学文化。 It is already time to start spring sowing. 现在已经是开始春播的时候了。 Is that the best way to solve the problem? 这是解决这问题的最好方法吗? No investigation, no right to speak. 没有调查就没有发言权。 They had no chance to go to school in those years. 那时候他们没有机会上学。 This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience. 这将是一个交流经验 的好机会。 We are starting a movement to clean up the city. 在开始一个使城市清洁的运动。 We must have the courage to say that we are ignorant. 我们应当有勇气承认自 己是无知的。 Only then can we have the motive force to go forward 有这样我们才有前进的 动力。 能用不定式作定语的名词很多，除了上面这些之外，还有 reason, effort, drive, determination, decision, tendency, struggle, intention, campaign, ambition, wish 等。 还有一些动词还有一些动词(a)(a)和形容词和形容词(b)(b)后面是经常跟不定式的，它们的同源名词也常用不定式后面是经常跟不定式的，它们的同源名词也常用不定式 作定语：作定语： The enemy failed in their attempt to land on the island. 敌人在岛上登陆的企 图失败了。 (The enemy attempted to land on the island.) You havent kept your promise to write us regularly. 你没有遵守给我们经常写 信的诺言。 (You promised to write us regularly) I guess they will have to make some changes in their plan to open up rice fields. 我猜他们开发水稻田的计划得做些变动了。 (They are planning to open up more rice fields) He has the inclination to overlook difficulties. 他有忽视困难的倾向。 (He is inclined to overlook difficulties.) b. You should have confidence in your ability to fulfil the task. 你们应对 自己完成任务的能力有信心。 (You are able to fulfil the task.) In his speech he expressed their determination to achieve their goals. 他在 讲话中表达了他们实现自己目标的决心。 (They are determined to achieve their goals.) We could see her anxiety to settle the thing herself. 我们看得出她很想自己 来解决这个问题。 (She was anxious to settle the thing herself.) His eagernese to get back to work was quite obvious. 急于回去工作这一点是很 明显的。 (He was eager to get back to work.) 另外，不定式还可以在下面这类句子中用作定语： Well have more meetings like this in the few weeks to come. 在未来几周内还 要开几次这样的会。 In the lectures to follow she will give us some information about the situation in Africa. 在以后几次讲演中，她将谈谈非洲的情况。 Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active. 在 要参加这些工作的人中，他恐怕是最积极的。 The conference to take place next month is bound to be a great success. 下 月举行的会议一定会很成功。 这时，这些不定式几乎等于一个定语从句(例如 to take part in the work 可以说是 who are to take Part in the work 的紧缩形式)，都表示即将发生的动作。 间或还可以看到下面这种不定式短语作定语： She had no time left in which to pack her things. 她没有时间收拾行李了。 It was a bad season in which to have outings. 这是一个不适于郊游的季节。 Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一分钟时间来卸装。 She had a little money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 她在银行 有一点存款，用来帮助她的妈妈。 * 注： 不定式间或可用作同位语(a)或是引起一个惊叹句(b)： aSoon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命 令。 We got no instructions to leave the city. 我们没有接到离开这座城市的指示。 b. To think he knew about it all the time! 没想他一直知道这事！ Oh! To be young again. 哦，要能再年轻就好了。 4.4. 作状语用的不定式作状语用的不定式 不定式常可用来作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的(a)、结果(b)或原因(c)，如： aThey ran over to welcome the delegates. 他们跑过去欢迎代表们。 The vice-minister cut the ribbon to open the exhibition. 展览会开幕由副部长 剪彩。 To do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 We must do everything we can to help them. 我们要尽一切力量帮助他们。 bHe made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject. 他讲了 一大段话，只暴露出他对这门学科一无所知。 What have I said to make you so excited? 我说了什么话使你这样激动? The curtain par