上海市2021届高考英语冲刺模拟试卷分类汇编：概要写作专题含答案.doc

1、上海市 2021 年高考英语冲刺模拟试卷分类汇编 概要写作专题 2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 1 Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surpri

2、sing that some portion of their self-esteem comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, and the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives. Despite the most common associations with the term peer, peer pressure is not always negative. A stu

3、dent whose friends do extremely well in academics may be obliged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence may even get a friend off drugs, or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one

4、. Study groups, class projects, and even book clubs are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves. However, for certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction. In order to fit in, they may go so far as to abandon the

5、ir sense of right and wrong. Groups of children may join in bullying newcomers in school. Teens and young adults may feel obliged to use drugs or alcohol, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they

6、 work, or end up in debt because they are unable to resist the temptation to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to keep up with the Joneses. There is no question that some people are more easily affected by peer pressure than others. Being self-aware is at the root of managing thi

7、s type of pressure. Going with the flowis not always a bad thing, but as each individual is still responsible for the consequences, it is important to be a thinking participant in the decision. 【答案】 71. To seek social approval is the source of peer pressure. Positive peer pressure pushes people to d

8、o better academically and athletically because peers either set good examples or create uplifting environment. However, peer pressure sometimes makes people lose moral principles and turn to illegal activities like bullying or selling drugs. Raising self-awareness may help fight against negative pee

9、r pressure. 【解析】本文属于一篇结构清晰的说明文。从文章的整体不难看出本文的说明对象：人类与大 自然的相互影响，第一段二段提出了和细化了问题，接下来的每一段阐述了具体形式，将每段 的原因说明清楚并用自己的语言加以提炼，然后用相应的连词组句成篇即可。 2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 2 IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. U

10、se your own words as far as possible. Heighten YourAppreciation of Music Music is such a fundamental part of human culture that it likely predates literacy the invention of the wheel, and even the musical note itself. While people generally know what kind of music they like-and what they dont -its p

11、ossible to expand your appreciation by learning new ways to listen. Here are some tips for cultivating sensitive awareness of musical elements. You might feel frightened picking up a guitar or sitting down at a piano-but learning an instrument can help you better understand how a song comes together

12、 and what role a specific type of sound plays in the composition. Moreover, the movement and effort of a live performance can often focus your attention on parts of a song you may have otherwise missed. So the next time you hear a song - particularly a classical arrangement-try to imagine it being p

13、erformed. Or, try to picture a scene (a thunderstorm, a race) that best fits the mood and tempo (节奏) of piece. Its certainly not necessary to grab your favorite musicians biography in order to appreciate a good simple song. but it may help you better understand he context in which she wrote the lyri

14、cs or recorded a track. Researching backgrounds can also lead you to discover social and political influences at the time the music was created. It could be hard to appreciate a warm day unless youve spent a winter freezing. Likewise, listening to music requires contrast that helps you better unders

15、tand how organized and harmonious it can be. Listen to - dont just hear-common, everyday noises. While some may be irritating, others may have a melody all their own. Either way, youll return to a piece of music with a new respect for a focused, deliberate bit of sound. 71. 【参考答案】Therere ways to imp

16、rove ones appreciation of music, an important part of human culture. First, learning instruments helps one understand musical composition and live performances make one focus on the details. Secondly, background knowledge of a musician and his time helps one better understand his work. Finally, expo

17、sure to everyday noises can help with music appreciation by creating contrast. (60 words) 2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 3 IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Liv

18、ing to 100 Since the mid 1950s, life expectancy around the world has increased dramatically, and many scientists believe thatthistrendislikely to continue inthefuture.Themain reason forthe increaseduring thisperiod was the decline in infant mortality (死亡). Fewer children died at an early age, and th

19、is was mainly because of improvedhealthcareandbetterfoodproduction. Most experts believe that people will continue to live longer in the future because of medical advances. Researchers predict that at least half of the North American and Japanese babies born since the year 2000 will live to an age o

20、f 90, and ten percent to 100 years old. Furthermore, new drugs are being developed which will slow down the ageing process. These will be available in a few years, and they will enable people to live 20 yearslonger. Ifthecurrentolderpopulationsinmanycountriesbecomehealthier,wealthierandlivelonger,th

21、etrendwill have important consequences for people and governments. The cost of medical care for older people will rise, and governments will have to start thinking hard about how to fund state pensions for older citizens. Some people will want to keep on working later in their life, which could lead

22、 to changes in the age of retirement in many countries. Others would prefer to retire early to enjoy having more time for themselves. This will create business opportunities for companies in the leisure and entertainment industries and open up new segments of themarket.Theeffectontheworldpopulationw

23、illbegreat.Europespopulationhasbeenindeclineforseveral yearsnowaspeopleprefertohavefewerchildrenandfamiliestendtobesmaller.However,“thepopulationwill notdeclineasanti-ageingdrugsstarttobecomewidelyavailable”,asanexpertonpopulation,ProfessorShripad Tuljapurkar,saysinhisrecently-releasedbook. 71： As h

24、ealth care and food production improved, more children could survive, lengthening peoples life expectancy.Thistrendisbelievedtocontinuethankstodevelopmentinmedicineandanti-ageingdrugs.Ifso,it will affect people and governments in many ways, like requiring more pensions for the elderly, postponing th

25、e retirement age, creating business opportunities in entertainment industry and increasing the population.(60 words) 2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 4 IV. Summary Writing(10 分分) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your

26、 own words as far as possible. e-learning: Hazy pastbetter future? How much of an effect does technology have on students learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a le

27、arning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, Im afraid. Computers

28、 have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but its just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovationit applies the innovation to its existing model, w

29、hich adds cost but doesnt transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter inte

30、resting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently dont have access to schools or teachers

31、 are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or

32、extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. 71. 参考答案 Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning, the writer holds a different view.Schools have invested m

33、uch to apply computers in their classroom teaching, but it hasnt changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own. （60 words） 2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 5 IV. Summary Writing(10 分分) Direction

34、s: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the

35、proportion of a womans life spent in caring for the children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest

36、was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a womans youngest child will be fifteen when

37、she is forty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods. This important change in womans life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens econo

38、mic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and thoug

39、h women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and sa

40、tisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. 71. 参考答案： Womens lives have changed greatly, because they marry younger, have fewer children to care for, and have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work. This results in womens rise in family economic position to share equally the duties of supporting family and chores with their husbands.