（高中精品资料）高中化学方程式（总）.pdf

1、1 高高中中化化学学方方程程式式 一一、非非金金属属单单质质（F2，C l2, O2, S ,N2,P , C , S i ，H ） 1 、氧化性： F2+ H2= = = 2 H F( 阴暗处爆炸) F2+ X e( 过量)= = X e F2 2 F2( 过量)+ X e = = X e F4( X e F4是强氧化剂，能将 Mn 2 + 氧化为 Mn O4 ) n F2+ 2 M= = = 2 MF n ( M表示大部分金属) 2 F2+ 2 H2O = = = 4 H F + O2( 水是还原剂) 2 F2+ 2 N a O H = = = 2 N a F + O F2+ H2O F2

2、+ 2 N a C l = = = 2 N a F + C l2 F2+ 2 N a B r = = = 2 N a F + B r2 F2+ 2 N a I = = = 2 N a F + I2 7 F2( 过量)+ I2= = = 2 I F7 F2+ C l2( 等体积)= = = 2 C l F ( C l F 属于类卤素：C l F + H2O = = H F + H C l O) 3 F2( 过量)+ C l2= = = 2 C l F3( C l F3+ 3 H2O = = 3 H F + H C l O3) C l2+ H22 H C l ( 将 H2在 C l2点燃；混合点燃

3、、加热、光照发生爆炸) 3 C l2+ 2 P2 P C l3C l2+ P C l3P C l5C l2+ 2 N a2 N a C l 3 C l2+ 2 F e2 F e C l3C l2+ C uC u C l2 C l2+ 2 F e C l2= = = 2 F e C l3( 在水溶液中：C l2+ 2 F e 2 + = = = 2 F e 3 + + 3 C l ) C l2+ 2 N a B r = = = 2 N a C l + B r2CC ll22+ 22 BB rr= 22 CC ll + BB rr22 C l2+ 2 K I = = = 2 K C l + I2C

4、C ll22+ 22 II = 22 CC ll + II22 3 C l2( 过量)+ 2 K I + 3 H2O = = = 6 H C l + K I O3 3 CC ll22+ II + + 33 HH22OO = 66 HH + + 66 CC ll + + II OO33 5 C l2+ I2+ 6 H2O = = = 2 H I O3+ 1 0 H C l 55 CC ll22+ II22+ 66 HH22OO = 11 00 CC ll + + II OO33 + + 11 22 HH + C l2+ N a2S = = = 2 N a C l + S CC ll22+ SS

5、22= = 22 CC ll + + SS C l2+ H2S = = = 2 H C l + S ( 水溶液中：CC ll22+ HH22SS = 22 HH + + 22 CC ll + + SS C l2+ S O2+ 2 H2O = = = H2S O4+ 2 H C l CC ll22+ SS OO22+ 22 HH22OO = 44 HH + + SS OO44 22+ + 22 CC ll C l2+ H2O2= = = 2 H C l + O2CC ll22+ HH22OO22= 22 HH + + CC ll + + OO22 2 O2+ 3 F eF e3O4O2+ K =

6、 = = K O2 S + H2H2S2 S + CC S2S + Z nZ n S S + F eF e S( 既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取) S + 2 C uC u2S( 只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取) 3 S + 2 A lA l2S3( 只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取) N2+ 3 H22 N H3N2+ 3 MgMg3N2N2+ 3 C aC a3N2 2 N2+ 3 B aB a3N2N2+ 6 N a2 N a3NN2+ 6 K2 K3N N2+ 6 R b2 R b3NN2+ 2 A l2 A l N P4+ 6 H24 P H3P + 3 N aN a3P2 P + 3

7、 Z nZ n3P2 H2+ 2 L i2L i H 2 、还原性 S + O2S O2S + H2S O4( 浓)3 S O2+ 2 H2O S + 6 H N O3( 浓)H2S O4+ 6 N O2+ 2 H2O SS + 44 HH + + 66 = = 66 NN OO22+ 22 HH22OO + 3 S + 4 H N O3( 稀)3 S O2+ 4 N O + 2 H2O 33 SS + 44 HH + + 4433 SS OO22+ 44 NN OO + 22 HH22OO N2+ O22 N O 4 P + 5 O2P4O1 0( 常写成 P2O5) 2 P + 3 X22

8、 P X3（X表示 F2，C l2，B r2）P X3+ X2P X5 P4+ 2 0 H N O3( 浓)4 H3P O4+ 2 0 N O2+ 4 H2O C + 2 F2C F4C + 2 C l2C C l4 C + O2( 足量)C O22 C + O2( 少量)2 C O C + C O22 C OC + H2OC O + H2( 生成水煤气) 2 C + S i O2S i + 2 C O ( 制得粗硅) S i ( 粗) + 2 C l2S i C l4( S i C l4+ 2 H2= = = S i ( 纯) + 4 H C l ) S i ( 粉) + O2S i O2S

9、 i + CS i C ( 金刚砂) S i + 2 N a O H + H2O = = N a2S i O3+ 2 H2( SS ii + 22 OO HH + HH22OO =+ 22 HH22) 3 、歧化反应 C l2+ H2O = = H C l + H C l O （加碱或光照促进歧化：( CC ll22+ HH22OOHH + + CC ll + + HH CC ll OO ） C l2+ 2 N a O H = = N a C l + N a C l O + H2O( CC ll22+ 22 OO HH = = CC ll + + CC ll OO + + HH22OO ) C

10、 l2+ 2 C a ( O H )2= = C a C l2+ C a ( C l O )2+ 2 H2O( CC ll22+ 22 OO HH = = CC ll + + CC ll OO + + HH22OO ) 3 C l2+ 6 K O H( 浓)5 K C l + K C l O3+ 3 H2O( 33 CC ll22+ 66 OO HH 55 CC ll + + CC ll OO33 + + 33 HH22OO ) 3 S + 6 N a O H2 N a2S + N a2S O3+ 3 H2O( 33 SS + 66 OO HH 22 SS 22+ + SS OO33 22+

11、+ 33 HH22OO ) 4 P + 3 K O H( 浓)+ 3 H2O = = P H3+ 3 K H2P O2( 44 PP + 33 OO HH + 33 HH22OO = = PP HH33 + 33 HH22PP OO22 ) ) 1 1 P + 1 5 C u S O4+ 2 4 H2O = = 5 C u3P + 6 H3P O4+ 1 5 H2S O4 3 C + C a OC a C2+ C O 3 3 C + S i O2S i C + 2 C O 二二金金属属单单质质（N a , Mg ,A l ,F e , C u ）的还原性 2 N a + H22 N a H4

12、N a + O2= = 2 N a2O2 N a2O + O22 N a2O2 2 N a + O2N a2O22 N a + S = = N a2S （爆炸） 2 N a + 2 H2O = = 2 N a O H + H222 NN aa + 22 HH22OO = 22 NN aa + + 22 OO HH + + HH22 2 N a + 2 N H3= = 2 N a N H2+ H222 NN aa + 22 NN HH33= 22 NN aa + + 22 NN HH22 + + HH22 4 N a + T i C l44 N a C l + T iMg + C l2Mg C

13、l2Mg + B r2Mg B r2 2 Mg + O22 Mg OMg + SMg S 2 C u + SC u2S ( C u2S只能由单质制备) Mg + 2 H2OMg ( O H )2+ H2 2 Mg + T i C l4T i + 2 Mg C l2Mg + 2 R b C lMg C l2+ 2 R b 2 Mg + C O22 Mg O + C2 Mg + S i O22 Mg O + S i Mg + H2S = = Mg S + H2 Mg + H2S O4= = Mg S O4+ H2( MMgg + 22 HH + = MMgg 22 + + HH22) 2 A l

14、+ 3 C l22 A l C l3 4 A l + 3 O2= = = 2 A l2O3( 常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化，在氧气中燃烧) 4 A l ( H g ) + 3 O2+ 2 x H2O = = = 2 ( A l2O3. x H2O ) + 4 H g （铝汞齐） 4 A l + 3 Mn O22 A l2O3+ 3 Mn2 A l + C r2O3A l2O3+ 2 C r ( 铝热反应) 2 A l + F e2O3A l2O3+ 2 F e2 A l + 3 F e OA l2O3+ 3 F e 2 A l + 6 H C l = = = 2 A l C l3+ 3 H222

15、AA ll + 66 HH + = 22 AA ll 33 + + 33 HH22 2 A l + 3 H2S O4= = = A l2( S O4)3+ 3 H222 AA ll + 66 HH + = 22 AA ll 33 + + 33 HH22 2 A l + 6 H2S O4( 浓) = = = A l2( S O4)3+ 3 S O2+ 6 H2O( A l ,F e 在冷,浓的 H2S O4, H N O3中钝化) A l + 4 H N O3( 稀) = = = A l ( N O3)3+ N O + 2 H2OAA ll + 44 HH + + NN OO33 = = AA

16、ll 33 + + NN OO + 22 HH22OO 2 A l + 2 N a O H + 2 H2O = = = 2 N a A l O2+ 3 H222 AA ll + 22 OO HH + + 22 HH22OO = 22 AA ll OO22 + + 33 HH22 2 F e + 3 B r2= = = 2 F e B r33 F e + 2 O2F e3O42 F e + O22 F e O( 炼钢过程) F e + I2F e I2 F e + SF e S( F e S既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备) 3 F e + 4 H2O ( g )F e3O4+ 4 H2 F e

17、+ 2 H C l = = = F e C l2+ H2FF ee + 22 HH + = FF ee 22 + + HH22 F e + C u C l2= = = F e C l2+ C uFF ee + CC uu 22 + = FF ee 22 + + CC uu F e + S n C l4= = = F e C l2+ S n C l2( 铁在酸性环境下, 不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡 F e + S n C l2= = F e C l2+ S n FF ee + SS nn 22 + = FF ee 22 + + SS nn 4 三三非非金金属属氢氢化化物物( H F ,H C

18、 l ,H2O , H2S , N H3)金属氢化物( N a H ) 1 、还原性: 4 H C l ( 浓) + Mn O2Mn C l2+ C l2+ 2 H2O 44 HH + + 22 CC ll + + MMnn OO22MMnn 22 + + CC ll22+ 22 HH22OO 4 H C l ( 浓) + P b O2P b C l2+ C l2+ 2 H2O 44 HH + + 22 CC ll + + PP bb OO22PP bb 22 + + CC ll22+ 22 HH22OO 4 H C l ( g ) + O22 C l2+ 2 H2O 1 6 H C l +

19、2 K Mn O4= = = 2 K C l + 2 Mn C l2+ 5 C l2+ 8 H2O 11 66HH + + 11 00 CC ll - + 22 MMnn OO44 = = 22 MMnn 22 + + 55 CC ll22+ 88 HH22OO 6 H C l + K C l O3= = K C l + 3 C l2+ 3 H2O 66 HH + + 55 CC ll + + CC ll OO33 = = 33 CC ll22+ 33 HH22OO 1 4 H C l + K2C r2O7= = = 2 K C l + 2 C r C l3+ 3 C l2+ 7 H2O 11

20、 44 HH + + 66 CC ll + + CC rr22OO77 22= = 22 CC rr 33 + + 55 CC ll22+ 77 HH22OO 2 H2O + 2 F2= = = 4 H F + O2 2 H C l + F2= 2 H F + C l2( F2气与 H C l 、H B r 、H I 、H2S 、N H3气体不能共存) 2 H B r + C l2= 2 H C l + B r2( C l2气与 H B r 、H I 、H2S 、N H3气体不能共存) 2 H2S + 3 O2( 足量)2 S O2+ 2 H2O2 H2S + O2( 少量)2 S + 2 H

21、2O 2 H2S + S O2= = = 3 S + 2 H2OH2S + H2S O4( 浓)= = = S + S O2+ 2 H2O 3 H2S + 2 H N O3( 稀)= = = 3 S + 2 N O + 4 H2O 33 HH22SS + 22 HH + + 22 NN OO33 = = 33 SS + 22 NN OO + 44 HH22OO 5 H2S + 2 K Mn O4+ 3 H2S O4= = = 2 Mn S O4+ K2S O4+ 5 S + 8 H2O 55 HH22SS + 22 MMnn OO44 + + 66 HH + = 22 MMnn 22 + +

22、55 SS + 88 HH22OO 3 H2S + K2C r2O7+ 4 H2S O4= = = C r2( S O4)3+ K2S O4+ 3 S + 7 H2O 33 HH22SS + CC rr22OO77 22+ + 88 HH + = = = 22 CC rr 33 + + 33 SS + 77 HH22OO H2S + 4 N a2O2+ 2 H2O = = = N a2S O4+ 6 N a O H HH22SS + 44 NN aa22OO22+ 22 HH22OO = 88 NN aa + + 2 N H3+ 3 C u O3 C u + N2+ 3 H2O 2 N H3+

23、 3 C l2= = = N2+ 6 H C l8 N H3+ 3 C l2= = = N2+ 6 N H4C l N H3+ N a N O2+ H C l = = N a C l + N2+ 2 H2O NN HH33+ NN OO22 + + HH + = NN22+ 22 HH22OO 4 N H3+ 3 O2( 纯氧)2 N2+ 6 H2O4 N H3+ 5 O24 N O + 6 H2O 4 N H3+ 6 N O = = = 5 N2+ 6 H2O ( 用氨清除 N O ) N a H + H2O = = = N a O H + H2( 生氢剂) NN aa HH + HH22O

24、O = NN aa + + OO HH + + HH22 4 N a H + T i C l4T i + 4 N a C l + 2 H2C a H2+ 2 H2O = C a ( O H )2+ 2 H2 2 、酸性: 4 H F + S i O2= = = S i F4+ 2 H2O （可测定矿样或钢样中 S i O2的含量，玻璃雕刻） 4 H F + S i = = = S i F4+ 2 H2 2 H F + C a C l2= = = C a F2+ 2 H C lH2S + F e = = = F e S + H2 5 H2S + C u C l2= = = C u S + 2 H

25、 C l ( 弱酸制强酸的典型反应) HH22SS + CC uu 22 + = CC uu SS + 22 HH + H2S + 2 A g N O3= = = A g2S + 2 H N O3 HH22SS + 22 AA gg + = AA gg22SS + 22 HH + H2S + H g C l2= = = H g S + 2 H C l HH22SS + HH gg 22 + = HH gg SS + 22 HH + H2S + P b ( N O3)2= = = P b S + 2 H N O3( 铅试纸检验空气中 H2S ) HH22SS + PP bb 22 + = PP

26、bb SS + 22 HH + H2S + 2 A g = = = A g2S + H2( 银器在空气中变黑的原因) 2 N H3( 液)+ 2 N a = = 2 N a N H2+ H2( N a N H2+ H2O = = = N a O H + N H3) 3 、N H3的碱性： N H3+ H X = = = N H4X( X ：F 、C l 、B r 、I 、S ) N H3+ H N O3= = = N H4N O3NN HH33+ HH + = NN HH44 + 2 N H3+ H2S O4= = = ( N H4)2S O4NN HH33+ HH + = NN HH44 +

27、 N H3+ N a C l + H2O + C O2= = = N a H C O3+ N H4C l（侯德榜制碱：用于工业制备小苏打，苏打） N H3+ H2S = = N H4H SNN HH33+ HH22SS = NN HH44 + +HH SS - 4 、不稳定性： 2 H FH2+ F22 H C lH2+ C l22 H2O2 H2+ O2 2 H2O2= = = 2 H2O + O2H2SH2+ S2 N H3N2+ 3 H2 2 H IH2+ I2 四四非非金金属属氧氧化化物物( S O3、S O2、N2O 、N O 、N2O3、N O2、N2O4、N2O5、C O 、C

28、O2、S i O2、 P2O3、P2O5、C l2O 、C l2O3、C l2O5、C l2O7、C l O2) 1 、低价态的还原性：( S O2、C O 、N O ) 2 S O2+ O2+ 2 H2O = = = 2 H2S O4（这是 S O2在大气中缓慢发生的环境化学反应） 2 S O2+ O22 S O3S O2+ N O2= = = S O3+ N O S O2+ C l2+ 2 H2O = = = H2S O4+ 2 H C lCC ll22+ SS OO22+ 22 HH22OO = 44 HH + + SS OO44 22+ + 22 CC ll S O2+ B r2+ 2

29、 H2O = = = H2S O4+ 2 H B rBB rr22+ SS OO22+ 22 HH22OO = 44 HH + + SS OO44 22+ + 22 BB rr S O2+ I2+ 2 H2O = = = H2S O4+ 2 H III22+ SS OO22+ 22 HH22OO = 44 HH + + SS OO44 22+ + 22 II 2 N O + O2= = = 2 N O2 N O + N O2+ 2 N a O H = = = 2 N a N O2（用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的 N O和 N O2） NN OO + NN OO22+ 22 OO HH = = 2

30、2 NN OO22 2 C O + O22 C O2C O + C u OC u + C O2 3 C O + F e2O32 F e + 3 C O2C O + H2OC O2+ H2 2 、氧化性： S O2+ 2 H2S = = = 3 S + 2 H2O S O3+ 2 K IK2S O3+ I2 6 N O2+ 2 K I + H2O = = = N O + I2+ 2 K O H （不能用淀粉 K I 溶液鉴别溴蒸气和 N O2） 4 N O2+ H2S = = = 4 N O + S O3+ H2O 2 N O2+ C u4 C u O + N2N2O + Z nZ n O +

31、N2 C O2+ 2 Mg2 Mg O + C ( C O2不能用于扑灭由 Mg ,C a ,B a ,N a ,K等燃烧的火灾) S i O2+ 2 H2S i + 2 H2OS i O2+ 2 Mg2 Mg O + S i 3 、与水的作用: S O2+ H2O = = = H2S O3 S O3+ H2O = = = H2S O4SS OO33+ HH22OO = 22 HH + + SS OO44 22 3 N O2+ H2O = = = 2 H N O3+ N O( N O2不是硝酸的酸酐) N2O5+ H2O = = = 2 H N O3NN22OO55+ HH22OO = 22

32、HH + + 22 NN OO33 P2O5+ H2O ( 冷水) = = = 2 H P O3 P2O5+ 3 H2O ( 热水) = = = 2 H3P O4( P2O 5极易吸水,可作气体干燥剂) P2O5+ 3 H2S O4( 浓) = = = 2 H3P O4+ 3 S O3 C O2+ H2O = = = H2C O3 C l2O + H2O = = 2 H C l O C l2O7+ H2O = = 2 H C l O4CC ll22OO77+ HH22OO = 22 HH + + 22 CC ll OO44 4 、与碱性物质的作用: S O2+ 2 N H3+ H2O = =

33、= ( N H4)2S O3 S O2+ ( N H4)2S O3+ H2O = = = 2 N H4H S O3 2 N H4H S O3+ H2S O4= = = ( N H4)2S O4+ 2 H2O + 2 S O2( 硫酸工业尾气处理) S O2+ C a ( O H )2= = = C a S O3+ H2O ( 不能用澄清石灰水鉴别 S O2和 C O2. 可用品红鉴别) S O3+ Mg O = = = Mg S O4 S O3+ C a ( O H )2= = = C a S O4+ H2O C O2+ N H3+ H2O = = = N H4H C O3 C O2+ 2 N

34、 H3( 过量)+ H2O = = = ( N H4)2C O3( N H4)2C O3( N H2)2C O + 2 H2O C O2+ 2 N H3( N H2)2C O + H2O( 工业制取尿素) C O2+ 2 N a O H( 过量)= = N a2C O3+ H2O22 OO HH - + CC OO22= CC OO33 22+ + HH22OO C O2( 过量)+ N a O H = = N a H C O3OO HH - + CC OO22= HH CC OO33 C O2+ C a ( O H )2( 过量)= = C a C O3+ H2OCC aa 22 + + 2

35、2+ CC OO22= CC aa CC OO33+ HH22OO 2 C O2( 过量)+ C a ( O H )2= = C a ( H C O3)2OO HH + + CC OO22= HH CC OO33 C O2+ C a C O3+ H2O = = C a ( H C O3)2CC OO22+ CC aa CC OO33+ HH22OO = CC aa 22 + + 22 HH CC OO33 C O2(不足) + 2 N a A l O2+ 3 H2O = = = 2 A l ( O H )3+ N a2C O3 CC OO22+ 33 HH22OO + AA ll OO22 =

36、 = AA ll ( OO HH )33+ CC OO33 22 C O2(足) + N a A l O2+ 2 H2O = = = A l ( O H )3+ N a H C O3 CC OO22+ 22 HH22OO + AA ll OO22 = = AA ll ( OO HH )33+ HH CC OO33 C O2+ C6H5O N a + H2O = = = C6H5O H + N a H C O3 CC OO22+ CC66HH55OO + + HH22OO = CC66HH55OO HH + HH CC OO33 7 S i O2+ C a OC a S i O3( 炼钢造渣)

37、S i O2+ 2 N a O H = = = N a2S i O3+ H2O ( 常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃) S i O2+ N a2C O3N a2S i O3+ C O2( 制取玻璃) S i O2+ C a C O3C a S i O3+ C O2( 制取玻璃) 2 N O2+ 2 N a O H = = N a N O2+ N a N O3+ H2O 22 NN OO22+ 22 OO HH = = NN OO33 + + NN OO22 + + HH22OO N O + N O2+ 2 N a O H = = 2 N a N O2+ H2O ( 制取硝酸工业尾气吸收) NN OO +

38、 NN OO22+ 22 OO HH = = 22 NN OO33 + + HH22OO 五金属氧化物 1 、低价态的还原性: 6 F e O + O2= = = 2 F e3O4 F e O + 4 H N O3= = = F e ( N O3)3+ N O2+ 2 H2O FF ee OO + 44 HH + + NN OO33 = = FF ee 33 + + NN OO22+ 22 HH22OO 2 、氧化性: N a2O2+ 2 N a2 N a2O （此反应用于制备 N a2O ） Mg O ，A l2O3几乎没有氧化性，很难被还原为 Mg ，A l . 一般通过电解制 Mg和 A

39、 l . F e2O3+ 3 H22 F e + 3 H2O ( 制还原铁粉) F e3O4+ 4 H23 F e + 4 H2OC u O + H2C u + H2O 2 F e3O4+ 1 6 H I= =6 F e I2+ 8 H2O + 2 I2 22 FF ee33OO44+ 11 66 HH + + 44 II = =66 FF ee 22 + + 88 HH22OO + 22 II22 F e2O3+ F e3 F e O ( 炼钢过程中加入废钢作氧化剂) F e O + CF e + C O( 高温炼钢调节 C含量) 2 F e O + S i2 F e + S i O2( 高

40、温炼钢调节 S i 含量) 3 、与水的作用: N a2O + H2O = = 2 N a O H NN aa22OO + HH22OO = 22 NN aa + + 22 OO HH 2 N a2O2+ 2 H2O = = = 4 N a O H + O2 22 NN aa22OO22+ 22 HH22OO = 44 NN aa + + 44 OO HH + + OO22 ( 此反应分两步: N a2O2+ 2 H2O = = = 2 N a O H + H2O2; 2 H2O2= = = 2 H2O + O2H2O2的制备可利 用类似的反应: B a O2+ H2S O4( 稀) = =

41、= B a S O4+ H2O2) Mg O + H2O = = = Mg ( O H )2( 缓慢反应) 4 、与酸性物质的作用: N a2O + S O3= = N a2S O4N a2O + C O2= = N a2C O3Mg O + S O3= = = Mg S O4 N a2O + 2 H C l = = 2 N a C l + H2O NN aa22OO + 22 HH + = 22 NN aa + + HH22OO 2 N a2O2+ 2 C O2= = 2 N a2C O3+ O2 N a2O2+ H2S O4( 冷, 稀)= = = N a2S O4+ H2O2 8 Mg

42、O + H2S O4= = = Mg S O4+ H2O MMgg OO + 22 HH + = MMgg 22 + + HH22OO A l2O3+ 3 H2S O4= = = A l2( S O4)3+ 3 H2O AA ll22OO33+ 66 HH + = 22 AA ll 33 + + 33 HH22OO A l2O3+ 2 N a O H = = = 2 N a A l O2+ H2O( A l2O3两性氧化物) AA ll22OO33+ 22 OO HH = = 22 AA ll OO22 + + HH22OO F e O + 2 H C l = = = F e C l2+ H2

43、O FF ee OO + 22 HH + = FF ee 22 + + HH22OO F e2O3+ 6 H C l = = = 2 F e C l3+ 3 H2O FF ee 22OO33+ 66 HH + = 22 FF ee 33 + + 33 HH22OO F e3O4+ 8 H C l = = = F e C l2+ 2 F e C l3+ 4 H2O FF ee 33OO44+ 88 HH + = 22 FF ee 33 + + FF ee 22 + + 44 HH22OO 六六含含氧氧酸酸 1 、氧化性: 4 H C l O3+ 3 H2S = = = 3 H2S O4+ 4 H

44、 C l CC ll OO33 + + 33 HH22SS = 66 HH + + SS OO44 22+ + CC ll H C l O3+ H I = = = H I O3+ H C l CC ll OO33 + + II = = II OO33 + + CC ll 3 H C l O + H I = = = H I O3+ 3 H C l 33 HH CC ll OO + II - = II OO33 + + 33 HH + + CC ll H C l O + H2S O3= = = H2S O4+ H C l HH CC ll OO + HH22SS OO33= 33 HH + + S

45、S OO44 22+ + CC ll H C l O + H2O2= = = H C l + H2O + O2 HH CC ll OO + HH22OO22= HH + + CC ll + + HH22OO + OO22 ( 氧化性: H C l O H C l O2 H C l O3 H C l O4, 但浓,热的 H C l O4氧化性很强) 2 H2S O4( 浓) + CC O2+ 2 S O2+ 2 H2O 2 H2S O4( 浓)+ S3 S O2+ 2 H2O H2S O4+ F e ( A l ) 室温下钝化6 H2S O4( 浓) + 2 F eF e2( S O4)3+ 3

46、 S O2+ 6 H2O 2 H2S O4( 浓)+ C uC u S O4+ S O2+ 2 H2O H2S O4( 浓)+ 2 H B r = = = S O2+ B r2+ 2 H2O( 不能用浓硫酸与 N a B r 制取 H B r ) H2S O4( 浓)+ 2 H I = = = S O2+ I2+ 2 H2O( 不能用浓硫酸与 N a I 制取 H I ) H2S O4( 稀)+ F e = = = F e S O4+ H2 22 HH + + FF ee = FF ee 22 + + HH22 H2S O3+ 2 H2S = = = 3 S + 3 H2O 4 H N O3(

47、 浓)+ CC O2+ 4 N O2+ 2 H2O 6 H N O3( 浓)+ SH2S O4+ 6 N O2+ 2 H2O 5 H N O3( 浓)+ PH3P O4+ 5 N O2+ H2O 5 H N O3( 稀)+ 3 P + 2 H2O3 H3P O4+ 5 N O 55 HH + + 55 NN OO33 - + 33 PP + 22 HH22OO33 HH33PP OO44+ 55 NN OO 6 H N O3( 浓足)+ F e = = = F e ( N O3)3+ 3 N O2+ 3 H2O 4 H N O3( 浓)+ F e( 足)= = = F e ( N O3)2+

48、N O2+ 2 H2O ( 先得 F e 3 + , 在 F e 过量时再生成 F e 2 + 的盐) 4 H N O3( 稀足)+ F e = = = F e ( N O3)3+ N O + 2 H2O 44 HH + + NN OO33 - + FF ee = FF ee 33 + + NN OO + 22 HH22OO 9 3 0 H N O3+ 8 F e = = = 8 F e ( N O3)3+ 3 N2O + 1 5 H2O 33 00HH + + 66 NN OO33 + + 88 FF ee = 88 FF ee 33 + + 33 NN22OO + 11 55 HH22OO

49、 3 6 H N O3+ 1 0 F e = = = 1 0 F e ( N O3)3+ 3 N2+ 1 8 H2O 33 66 HH + + 66 NN OO33 + + 11 00 FF ee = 88 FF ee 33 + + 33 NN22+ 11 88 HH22OO 3 0 H N O3+ 8 F e = = = 8 F e ( N O3)3+ 3 N H4N O3+ 9 H2O 33 00HH + + 33 NN OO33 + + 88 FF ee = 88 FF ee 33 + + 33 NN HH44 + + 99 HH22OO 4 Z n + 1 0 H N O3( 稀) =

50、 = 4 Z n ( N O3)2+ N2O + 5 H2O 44 ZZ nn + 11 00 HH + + 22 NN OO33 = = 44 ZZ nn 22 + + NN22OO + 55 HH22OO 4 Z n + 1 0 H N O3( 稀) = = 4 Z n ( N O3)2+ N H4N O3+ 3 H2O 44 ZZ nn + 11 00 HH + + NN OO33 = = 44 ZZ nn 22 + + NN HH44 + + 55 HH22OO 2 、还原性: H2S O3+ X2+ H2O = = = H2S O4+ 2 H X( X表示 C l2,B r2, I2