(2021新版)牛津译林版必修二英语Unit 4 突破语法大冲关 同步讲解.doc

1、1/9 情态动词 基本概念 情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to 除外)；一般不能单 独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在省略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词 有 can(could)， may(might)， must， have to， shall(should)， will(would)， dare(dared)， need(needed)，ought to 等。 观察思考 Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part. I am sure the whole of Ch

2、ina must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country. Naturally，after I tell her what to do，my daughter must do the opposite! You should apologize to Mary for your rude remarks. Mr.Green must be a teacher，isnt he? He may come here by train，but I am not sure. Need I pay t

3、he whole amount now? There has to be a reason for his strange behaviour. 归纳用法 1can(could) (1)表示能力，can 表示现在的能力，could 主要指过去的能力。 You can tell the significance of climate change to us. 你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。 名师点津 can 表示能力的时候，还可以用 be able to 代替，can 用于一般 现在时，could 用于一般过去时。can(could)表示具备这样的能力，但不一定做了； 而 be able

4、to 表示不但具备这样的能力，而且经过努力做了。 Can you come to the party tomorrow? 明天你能来参加聚会吗？ He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank when the boat sank. 2/9 他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。 (2)表示请求许可。 当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用 could 语气更委婉。当表示允许某 人做某事时，一般要用 can，而不用 could。 Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow m

5、orning? Yes，you can./No.Im afraid not. 我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？ 是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。 (3)表示推测。 can 表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could 一般无此限制)。表示对过去 发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用“can/couldhave过去分词”的否定或疑问 形式。 It cant/couldnt be true. 那不可能是真的。 We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那里。 (4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测)，意思是“有时候可能会” 。 The weather in Shanghai

6、 can/could be very cold in winter. 上海冬季可能很冷。 (5)表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。 How can you be so careless! 你怎么那么粗心呀！ 即学即练 1 选词填空：can，could，be able to Man can not live without air. Being a wise person，he finally was able to find the place. The cheater said that he could turn stone into gold. 2may(

7、might) (1)表示允许，might 可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ 3/9 名师点津 对 may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用 may 或 can，但作否定回 答时要用 mustnt 或 cant。 May I smoke here? No，you mustnt./Youd better not. 我可以在这里吸烟吗？ 不，不可以。/你最好不要吸烟。 (2)表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。 She may not know about

8、 it. 她可能不知道这件事。 (3)用于表祝愿的句子中。 May both the bride and groom be happy! 祝新娘新郎幸福！ 3must(have to) (1)must 表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或 义务。have to 表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不 得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。mustnt 表示禁止做 某事；have to 的否定形式表示“不必”。have to 可用于多种时态中。 My brother was very ill，so I had to call the do

9、ctor at middle night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that he must work hard. 他说他必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事) 名师点津 回答 must 引出的疑问句时， 如果是否定的回答， 不能用 mustnt， 而要用 neednt 或 dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise books now? Yes，you must.(No，you neednt./No，you dont have to.) 我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？ 是的，必须。(不，不必。) (

10、2)must 表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。 Shes wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。 4/9 (3)must 还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 Why must it rain on Sunday? 为什么偏要在星期天下雨？ 即学即练 2 用适当的情态动词填空 My sister is ill，my mother has to look after her. Theres a lot of noise from next door.They m

11、ust be having a party. Must I return all the books in three days? Yes，you must .(No，you neednt/dont have to .) If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over. 4shall (1)表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some more tea? 再来点茶好吗？ (2)表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、 第三人称陈述句。 You shall come on ti

12、me. 你必须准时到。(命令) He shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我读完这本书就给他。(允诺) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. 没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心) (3)shall 用于第三人称，表示按照法律、条文或规定必须做的事，意为“应， 必须”。 No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission. 未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。 即学即练 3 选择下列句中 sh

13、all 的含义 A允诺 B警告 C威胁 D征求意见 You shall fail if you dont work harder. B You shall get an answer from me tomorrow. A You shall be punished for what youve done. C 5/9 Shall I watch TV for a while？ D 5should (1)表示义务、责任。意为“应该”(某件事宜做)，用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 (2)表示可能性很大的猜测，意为

14、“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。 The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors. 这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 (3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。 Amazing！You should wear slippers at work. 真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。 6will(would) (1)表示意志或意愿。will 指现在，would 指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯， 不乐意”。 I will never do that again. 我决不会再做那种事了。 (2

15、)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will 和 would 均 可用，would 此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。 Will/Would you pass me the book? 请你把书递给我好吗？ (3)will 和 would 可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为 “总是；常常”。 He will sit up there all night. 他总是整夜坐在那儿。 He would drop in on me on Sundays. 他常常在星期天顺便过来看我。 明辨异同 used to，would used to 指过去的动作或状态，着重与现在的对

16、比，可以与过去时间状语连用 would 表示过去的情况，指过去的习惯动作，不说明现在的情况 即学即练 4 用适当的情态动词填空 6/9 Will/Would you please save some dessert for me? He used to be a very strong man，but now he isnt. We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story when we were young. 7ought to (1)表示职责和义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比 should 稍

17、重。 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 (2)表示推测，暗含很大的可能性，近似于 should。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅应该知道他的电话号码。 8need 和 dare (1)它们作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句中。一般不 用于肯定句，无第三人称单数形式。dare 有过去式形式，构成疑问句时，将其移 至句首；构成否定句时，直接在其后加 not。 Need I tell him everything? Yes，you must./No，you neednt. 我要

18、告诉他一切吗？ 是的，必须。/不，没有必要。 How dare she do things like that to me? 她怎么敢对我做那样的事呢？ (2)作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助 do/did/does，need 后面接带 to 的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，dare 后可省去 to。有人称和数的变化。 He didnt dare(to)go there. 他不敢去那儿。 Right now you need to stay still until help comes. 现在你需要待着别动，直到有人来帮忙。 即学即练 5 用 dare/need 的适当形式填空 You

19、neednt hurry.There is still enough time to go. 7/9 Must I go right now? No，you neednt . How dare you say Im unfair? He darent speak English before such a crowd，dare he? He needs to finish it this evening. Dont you dare touch it? 9情态动词表示推测或判断的用法 下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合： 情态 动词 对现在和未 来的推测 对过去 的推测 使用场合 must

20、mustdo must have done 肯定句 may/ might may/might do may/might have done 肯定句、 否定句 can/ could can/could do can/could have done 否 定 句 、 疑 问 句 (could 可用于肯定 句) should 用来表示一种估计 的情况“按理会/估 计会”should do should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑 问句 情态动词have done 的用法 (1)should have done 表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而 shouldnt have done 则

21、表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 You should have told me about it earlier. You shouldnt have said such words to your parents. (2)ought to have done 也表示“本应该”，而 ought not to have done 则意 为“本不应该”。 You ought to have told me about it earlier. You ought not to have said such words to your parents. (3)neednt have done 表

22、示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了” 。 8/9 You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough. (4)could have done 表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。 I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way. (5)may/might have done 表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以 做某事(实际上没做)” 。 You might have given him more help，but you were so busy. 即学即练 6

23、 补全句子 I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then. You must have gone to bed late(一定是睡得很晚) last night.Your eyes are red. You know the story very well.You may/might have read it(可能读过) before. .单句语法填空 1I have told you the truth.Must I keep repeating it? 2I shouldnt have watched that mov

24、ieitll give me horrible dreams. 3May/Can I take the book out? Im afraid not. 4You ought not to watch TV now；you have a lot of homework to do. 5I have taken someone elses coat by mistake. It could be Joans.I heard that she had lost her coat just now. 6Is the letter from your mother? Yes.But she cant

25、have written the letter herself，because she doesnt even know one word. 7Where on earth did you get the book? Its from Mary，if you must know. 8A man is asking to meet you in the waiting room.Shall he come in? Let him in，please. 9Mummy，I would really like a laptop. You shall get a laptop as long as yo

26、u pass your entrance examination. 10Will your mother be at home this Saturday? 9/9 Hard to say.She might go to the countryside to see my grandparents. .短文语法填空 Lucy is an outgoing lady.She 1.can play many kinds of musical instruments.Actually，she 2.could play the piano when she was 8 years old.Lucy a

27、lso keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has to do some sports because she 3.must keep slim.“You 4.shall get fat soon if you dont take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends. As for her， an elegant lady should try to keep fit.However， last week， she found that she 5.might

28、put on weight and her husband suggested that she 6.should lose weight.However，she is always lacking in time because she has to take care of her children. One night after supper，she walked quickly to go dancing at the park.On her way，she thought that the dancing must 7.have begun(begin) and the coach 8.could have taught many new moves, but the coach was absent that night, so she was regretful.