（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第三册英语Unit4 课文词汇背诵材料.docx

1、B3U4 Scientists who changed the world 1 Chinese scientist wins the 2015 Nobel Prize By Dina Conner Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in hu

2、man history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she worked at the Academy of T

3、raditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Tus education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu bec

4、ame head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional C

5、hinese medicine again. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making q

6、inghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household

7、water containers. They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not

8、 have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test B3U4 Scientists who changed the world 2 qinghao extract on themselves first. The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully

9、discovered qinghaosuthe most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture, she encou

10、raged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. B3U4 Scientis

11、ts who changed the world 3 英文英文 词性词性 中文中文 republic n. 共和国，共和政体 malaria n. 疟疾 deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 province n. 省，省份 broad adj 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 intend v. 想要，计划；意指 extract n. 提取物；选录 v. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到 herb n. 药草，香草；草本 refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 v. 做试验，

12、进行实验；尝试 trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 v. 测试，试验 limited adj. 有限的 household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜 postpone v. 延迟，延期 sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 data n. 数据，资料，材料 speed up (使)加速 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 error n. 错误，差错 through trial and error 反复试验 wisdom n. 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 beneficial adj. 有益的，

13、有用的 conduct v. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 B3U4 Scientists who changed the world 4 illustrate v. 说明，解释；加插图于 penicillin n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 mould n. (mold) 霉菌；模具；类型 v. 浇铸，塑造 bacteria n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌 surround v. 围绕，环绕；包围；与.紧密相关 indicate v. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 by accident 偶然，意外地 intelligent adj.

14、 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 favour v. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 lightning n. 闪电 electricity n. 电，电能 theory n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 thunderstorm n. 雷雨，雷暴 ribbon n. 带子，丝带；带状物 metal n. 金属 charge v. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管 electric adj. 电的，发电的，电动的 bang n. 突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 v. 砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞

15、 with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 standout adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) atomic adj. 原子能的，原子的 bomb n. 炸弹；核武器 v. 轰炸 evil n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 B3U4 Scientists who changed the world 5 involve v. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用 v. 存入金额；把归于 moral adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n. 品行，道德

16、；寓意 apply v. 应用；申请；涂；有关 negate v. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 intellectual adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者 mystery n. 神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 let sb. down 使某人失望 ignorance n. 无知 as to 关于，至于 take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为是理所当然 freedom n. 自由 authority n. 权威，权力；官方 permit v. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 许可证 responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 declare v. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 nationality n. 国籍；民族 put forward 提出，提议，建议 evolution n. 进化；演变，发展 publish v. 出版，发行；发表；公布 marriage n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态