（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第三册英语Unit 2 Natural disasters 单元知识点详解 讲义.docx

1、Learning sheet 1 B3U2 Natural disasters Welcome to the unit 毁灭性的 小词汇，大文化 *Destroy the nest and the birds will fly away. 巢一毁, 鸟则散(树倒猢狲散)。 (比喻有权势的人一旦垮台, 投靠依附他的人也就一哄而散) 即学活用： 语法填空。 (1) The earthquake caused the destruction (destroy) of the city. (2) My home catches fire and everything is destroyed (des

2、troy). (3) Severe damage witnessed the destructive (destroy) force of the typhoon. 8. inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉 *Please inform us of any changes of procedures. 手续若有变动请通知我们。 *Im happy to inform you that your application has been confirmed. 我很高兴地告诉你, 你的申请被批准了。 *(2020 浙江高考) More information about the playwri

3、ghts will be found at the end of this book. 在这本书的结尾, 你能找到关于剧作家的很多信息。 词块积累： (1) inform sb. of sth. 通知/报告某人某事 inform sb. that. 通知某人 keep sb. informed of.使某人随时了解 (2) information n. 信息；资料 即学活用： (1)语法填空。 Im willing to inform my parents of any progress I have made. Please keep me fully informed (inform) o

4、f any development. For further information (inform) on the diet, write to us at this address. (2)一句多译。 请随时告知我们该项目的进展情况。 Please inform us of the status of this project. (inform) Please keep us informed of the status of this project. (keep 结构) 9. Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, wa

5、s teaching when the floor began to shake. 当地板开始摇晃时, 弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯布朗正在上课。 句式解构： Learning sheet 5 be doingwhen 正在做某事突然, when 意为“就在那时”。 *I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. 我正在做作业, 这时电话响了。 *I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang. 我刚做完试卷这时铃声就响了。 *We were about to start when it

6、 began to rain. 我们刚要开始, 天就开始下雨了。 词块积累: have a great/ deep impact on 对.有 重大/深远影响 impact on/ upon 对.产生影响， 名师点津 when 的常用句式 be doing sth. when 正在做这时突然 be about to do sth. when=be on the point of doing sth. when 正要做这时突然 had just donewhen 刚做完这时 即学活用 (1) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

7、(2) She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang. (3) I was about to start off when it suddenly rained. 10. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 同时, 布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门, 以防门在地震中因损坏而无法打开。 句式解构： in case

8、“万一, 唯恐”, 引导目的状语从句。 *(2019 江苏高考) The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance. 医生给了病人他的手机号码, 以防病人需要医疗援助。 *In case of urgency, call the police. 一旦发生紧急情况, 打电话给警察。 *She locked herself in for fear that anyone might come to disturb her. 她倒锁上门, 免得有人烦她。 词块积累： in

9、 case of 如果；万一 for fear that/of 生怕；以免 即学活用： (1)In case you need something , please dont hesitate to tell me. 如果你需要什么东西, 请毫不犹豫地告诉我。 (2)In case of danger , raise the electric alarm. 如果有危险, 就拉响电动警报器。 (3)He worked hard for fear that/in case he might be fired by the boss. 他拼命地干活唯恐被老板解雇。 Learning sheet 6

10、11. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震一停止, 布朗小姐感觉这是全班逃走的最佳时机。 句式解构： the moment 意为“一就”, 引导时间状语从句。 *The moment/instant/minute (that) she came back, she helped her brother with his homework. 她一回来, 就帮助她的弟弟做作业。 *As soon as the tea

11、cher entered the classroom, the students stopped talking. 老师一进教室, 学生们就停止讲话了。 名师点津： “一就”的句型： no soonerthan hardly/scarcelywhen the moment/the minute/the instant+从句 on/upon+动名词/名词 instantly/directly/immediately 即学活用： 语法填空。 (1) On arriving (arrive)at the station, he found that the train had left. (2) H

12、e was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed. (3) I will tell her the news instantly (instant) Mary comes back. Grammar and usage 供应;供应量,储备 vt. 供应,供给,提供 *We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials. 我们不能保证提供充足的原料。 *Prices change according to supply and demand. 价格受供求关系的影响。

13、*We will supply you with the crop you require. 我们就能够向你们提供你所需要的作物。 词块积累： supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物 = provide sb. with sth. /provide sth. for sb. = offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. supplies 补给品pl. 即学活用 用适当的介词填空。 (1)He provided us with a lot of useful information. (2)The schoo

14、l supplied textbooks to the students. (3)He offered me 500 dollars for the computer. 17. flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vt. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地 小词汇，大文化 *Reading is the embodiment of intellectual curiosity. 阅读是求知欲的体现。(阅读能满足我们的求知欲,

15、 我们要多读书、读好书) 即学活用： 语法填空。 (1)They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. (2)People gathered round, curious to know (know) what is happening. (3)To satisfy our own curiosity (curious) we traveled to Baltimore. (4)The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously (curious). Extended re

16、ading 锋利的; 急剧的; 明显的; 尖锐的; 强烈的 Learning sheet 12 *(2018 天津高考) If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you ll have no trouble answering these questions. 如果你的意识足够敏锐, 回答这些问题没困难。 *Birds have sharp eyes and dogs have sharp noses. 鸟有敏锐的视力, 而狗有灵敏的嗅觉。 词块积累： (1)have sharp eyes 有敏锐的视力 keep a sharp eye on

17、 sth. 密切关注 (2)sharpen vt. 磨快; 使锐利 (3)sharply adv. 急剧地; 严厉地; 苛刻地 (4)sharpener n. 卷笔刀 巧学助记： *If your pencil isnt sharp enough, you need a pencil sharpener to sharpen it. 如果你的铅笔不够尖的话, 你需要一个卷笔刀削一削它。 即学活用： (1)用 sharp 的适当形式填空 It is believed that consumer spending will fall sharply next year. The lead is b

18、roken on this pencil, so I have to sharpen it. (2)With peoples incomes growing, there has been a sharp increase in the number of vehicles. 随着收入的增加, 汽车的数量急剧增加。 24. locate vt. 找出的准确位置; 把安置在(建造于) *Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors. 救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。 *(2020 全国卷) The lost property o

19、ffice is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station. 位于罗马街车站的失物招领处周一至周五上午 7: 30 至下午 5: 00 营业。 *(2018 江苏高考) The location was considered a poor area of town. 位置被认为是在一个城镇的贫困区。 词块积累： be located in/on 坐落于；位于 location n.位置；场所 即学活用： (1)语法填空。 The house is located (locate)

20、 in one of Pimlicos prettiest garden squares. The first thing he looked at was his offices location(locate). (2)句式升级(合并句子)。 The university is located in the eastern suburbs of the city. It has a brilliant history. Located in the eastern suburbs of the city, the university has a brilliant history. 25

21、. retire vi. 就寝就寝) 那天晚上我睡得晚。 即学活用： 语法填空 (1)He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine. (2)When a person reaches his old age, he is forced to retire from his position. (3)He announced his retirement(retire) from football. 动词不定式作定语和结果状语动词不定式作定语和结果状语 要义详析要义详析： 一、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的

22、to 是不定式标志, 没有词义。 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词, 放于所修饰的词后, 为后置 定语。这类名词有 chance, way, opportunity, right(权利), dream, ambition, time, power 等。 *I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail. 我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。 *I have the power to call on others to donate money to charities. 我有能

23、力号召其他人捐钱给慈善机构。 名师点津：名师点津： 如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系, 并且该动词是不及 物动词, 则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但 place, time, way 后不定式的介词常省略。 *The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 *The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. 老人正在找一个安静的地方住。 即学活用： Learning sheet 14 语法填空 (1) She was the fir

24、st woman to swim (swim) the English Channel in both directions. (2) (2020 天津高考) This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract (attract) customers. (3) (2020 全国卷) Our tour also includes a chance to walk (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and

25、Gauguin. (4) We should develop the students ability to analyse (analyse) and solve problems. (5) (2020 天津高考) One way to begin (begin)is to answer your own excuses. (6) Youll have the opportunity to ask (ask) any questions at the end. (7) (2020 全国卷) It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selec

26、tion to act (act)on a population. (8) The meeting to be held (hold) tomorrow is important. (9) She is the first woman to be elected (elect) president in the country. (10) Ryle tried to look for Jane, only to be told (tell) that she was at a meeting. 二、动词不定式作结果状语 1. 动词不定式表示结果时, 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于

27、 learn (得知), find (发现), see, hear, to be told (被告知), make (使得), turn out to be 等具有界限含义的动词。 *He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。 *Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never to be seen again. 恐龙已经从地球上灭绝, 将永不被看到。 2. 动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。 (1) only to do 结构

28、表示意外的结果。 *He hurried to the exit, only to find his friend had left. 他匆匆忙忙赶到出口时, 结果却发现他的朋友已经离开了。 *He worked hard, only to be informed that he was fired. 他努力工作, 最终却被告知他被解雇了。 (2) tooto结构 *The old man was too poor to donate a lot of money to the flooded area. 这个老人太穷了, 不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。 (3) so as to do 结构。

29、*He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed. 他把自己关在屋里以免受到打扰。 (4) enough to do 结构。 *The girl is not old enough to go downstairs by herself. 这个女孩年龄不够大, 不能自己下楼。 即学活用： 语法填空 (1) (2020 浙江高考) Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see (see) it move suddenly away from me.

30、Learning sheet 15 (2) (2019 江苏高考) The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give (give)a unique Chinese flavour. (3) I rushed to the airport to meet his brother, only to find (find)that he had gone. (4) Tom worked hard, only to fail (fail) again at last. 语法主题应用： 使用本单元所学语法, 结合中文提示补全短文 A

31、s we all know, natural disasters happen every year. They are destructive, which cause many deaths and injuries. After a terrible disaster, people return their home only 1. to find everything destroyed (发现一切被破坏了). People should learn 2. some ways to protect themselves (保护自己的一些方法) to increase chances 3. to survive (存活) in disasters. When a disaster occurs, the first thing 4. to do (要做)is to keep your head. Otherwise, you may be too scared to 5. take proper steps (采取适当的措施) to escape. With more knowledge of disasters, people have the 6. ability to deal with (有能力应对) emergency properly.