（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第三册英语Unit 1 Nature in the balance 词汇讲解+配套习题（含答案）.docx

1、1. harm vt. 种类 【同】 different adj. 不同的， 各种各样的differ v. 不同，相异difference n. 区别，不同 5. Extinction 6. survive vi. 挺过(难关)survival n. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者 7. in turn 反过来，转过来 （1）turn out“结果;证明是” （2）turn around 转身;翻转 （3）turn to 求助于 （4）turn against 与反目,背叛 （5）turn.away 不准进入 （6）turn in 上交;交还 （7）turn over 打翻;移交 （8）t

2、urn down 关小(音量等);拒绝 （9）turn up 出现,到场,出席;调大(音量等) 【即时训练】 语境串词 选 turn 短语的合适形式填空 (1) She refused to _ the noisy music when her neighbors wanted to sleep. The neighbors had no choice but _ the police for help. (2) It _ that the conference was held as scheduled. However, people without permission _ for th

3、e sake of safety. Telephones were forbidden, so whoever attended the meeting should _ their mobile phones. Suddenly, surrounded by several guards, the president _. She was so exciting that she _ the bottle of water in front of her. Everyone _ to see what happened. She stood up immediately and swore

4、it was only a coincidence and nothing could _ her _ her country. 【参考答案】(1) turn down; to turn to (2) turned out; were turned away; turn in; turn up; turned over; turn around; turn, against. 8. break down 分解；故障 break away (from.) 逃脱；脱离 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入 break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等) break off 使折断；突然终

5、止；中断(谈话等) break out (戓争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break up 打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束 break through 突破 【即时训练】 . 语法填空 (1)The students are required to break _ from these bad habits. (2)It was reported that the fire broke_during the mid- night. (3)She broke _ a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. (4)We arrived at work in t

6、he morning and found that somebody had broken _the office during the night. . 完成句子 (5) Lets break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. (6) If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. (7) You will break down if you take on more work than

7、 you can. (8) News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. 【参考答案】 (1)away (2)out (3)off (4)into (5) 分解 (6 出故障 (7) 身体垮掉 (8) 失败 9. disappear vi. 消失;失踪disappearance n. 消失【反】appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出 现 appearance n. 外观； 外貌;出现appear v. 出现； 显得 【反】 d

8、isappearance n. 消失disappear v.消失；失踪 10. due to= as a result of = because of+n. 因为 11. Impact 12. damage 【温馨贴士】damage, destroy 和 ruin 的用法区别 damage:是程度较小的“破坏,损坏”,强调价值、用途降低戒外表损坏等;一般指被破坏的 物品可以重新修复。 destroy:帯指彻底的、 不能戒很难修复的“破坏,毁坏”,程度较深,强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底 性;也可用于损坏抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。 ruin:亦指彻底毁掉,但不是以某种摧毁性的力量进行破

9、坏,而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁 掉,强调使某物失去优良的特性戒特征。 【即时训练】 I. 语境串词 选用 ruin、damage、destroy 的合适形式填空 (1)When he returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in , which _ their hope. (2)The heavy rain the house. The owner wanted to have it repaired in case of _ completely the next time. 【参考答案】(1) rui

10、ns; ruined (2) damaged; being destroyed II.句型转换 It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holidays. It rained for two weeks, . (现在分词作状语) 【参考答案】 completely ruining our holidays 13. come up with 想起 1）come down with a disease 患病 come down on.责备 come down to earth 回到现实中来 come down to business

11、 开始认真工作;言归正传 （2）come up with 提出,想到 come up 走近;上来;提出;发生;发芽 （3）come forward to help 主动提供帮助 （4）come across 偶遇; 偶然发现 come on 登台,上场;改进,改善;快点儿,加把劲; (表示知道某人所说的话不正确)得了吧 【即时训练】 语境串词 (1)上个月，我在街上遇到他。他脸上苍白，似乎患病了。我本想主动帮他，但他拒绝 了并且立刻消失了。 Last month I him at street. He seemed to a disease with the face pale. I had

12、intended to him, but he turned down and disappeared instantly. （2）不要仅仅责备玛丽，你也有责任。请回归现实，提出切实可行的措施，认真对待 每一个细节。 Dont just Mary. Youre also to blame for it. Please . some practical measures, and take every detail seriously 【参考答案】 (1) came across; come down with; came forward to help. (2) come down on; c

13、ome down to earth; come up with 14. application n. 申请，运用 apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n. 申请(书);应用 applicant n. 申请人，应聘人 15. Senior 高级别的；年老的 be superior to.比高明/高级 be superior in在方面占优势 be inferior to.低于 be senior to.比年长/资历深 be junior to.比年幼/资历浅 superiority n. 优越(性);优势 【温馨贴士】 superi

14、or, inferior, senior, junior 这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词 to。 【即时训练】 I. 单句语法填空 1. (2016 浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even _ (superior). 2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not because they think their thoughts are superior _

15、others. 3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior _ strength. 【参考答案】 1. superiority 2.to 3. in II. 同义句转换 My brother is three years older than I. My brother _ _ _ me by three years. 【参考答案】 is senior to 16. Get rid of 拜托，丢弃 get across (sth.) 通过(某物) get across (to sb.) 被传达(给某人

16、);被(某人)理解 get sth. across (to sb.) (使某人)理解某事; (向某人)传达某事 get around/about 各处走动; (消息)传开,传播 get down to 开始认真做某事; 着手处理 get off 下车; 离开; 动身; 下班 get over 克服;摆脱某种情绪;从恢复; 痊愈 get rid of 摆脱; 除掉; 处理掉 get through 做完; 办完; 看完; 吃完; 通过(考试); 接通电话(to sb.) 【即时训练】 用 get 相关短语的正确形式填空 1. (2018 北京卷) So far there is no effec

17、tive way to _ plastic，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 2. The teacher tried to explain the problem, but his explanation did not _to the class. 3. The news _ as quickly as possible. 4. Stop talking! Lets _ work. 5. I tried to _ the Complaints Department

18、, but failed. 【参考答案】 1. get rid of 2. get across 3. got around 4. get down to 5.get into 17. protest n. 反抗 18. profit n. 利益 profit n. 利润;收益 vi. 得益于 n. 益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的【同】profit v. 有益于；获利 n. 利润；利益 19. Defence in defence of为辩护;防卫 (1) in ones defence 为某人辩护;保卫 self- defence n. 自卫;正当防卫 (2) de

19、fend vt. 保卫;防守;辩护 defend.from/against 保卫(使不受伤害) defend oneself 自卫 (3) defensive adj. 防御用的;防守的; 辩护的;自卫的 【即时训练】 语境串词 (1) Its necessary for us to take _ measures to _ ourselves.(defend) (2) 他找不到任何词语为他自己辩护，但是我必须为她说句话,他工作十分努力，我们应 该保护他不受攻击。 He cant say anything his action. However, I must say that she works very hard. We should _ being attacked. 【参考答案】 (1) defensive; defend (2) in defence of/to defend; in his defence; defend him against 20.poverty n. 贫穷，贫困poor adj. 贫穷的，贫困的【反】richness n. 富裕；丰富；肥沃 wealthy adj. 富有的