(2021新教材)牛津译林版必修第三册英语200长难句分析及重点词汇学习(二).docx
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1、高考英语高考英语 200 长难句分析及重点词汇学习(二)长难句分析及重点词汇学习(二) 21. To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心,你最好在
2、养老院或医院做志愿者,加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团 队,与你的家人有一个“共享圈”,或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句,that引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 a club or a team,volunteer, join, have 和 spend是并列的谓语动词,To really develop在句中作目的状语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者 Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside. 一些大学生自愿到农村去。 She now helps in
3、 a local school as a volunteer three days a week. 目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作,一周去 3天。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】不定式 to do可以作目的状语(其否定形式:not to do),相当于 in order to do和 so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中,不能位于句首)。如: One should get enough exercise to keep healthy. 为了维持身体健康,一个人要有足够的锻炼。 To find a better job, a lot of people choose to
4、go to the big cities. 为了找份更好的工作,很多人愿意到大城市去。 22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】自豪地阅读我写的内容时,我环顾整个房间,却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是简单句,包含有三个非谓语短语,reading my words 和 only to find分
5、别作时间状语和结 果状语,bearing作宾补。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】glance vi瞥;浏览;后面常跟 at, through, over 等介词 I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿,匆匆扫了一遍。 He glanced at his watch and left the room. 他匆匆看了一下手表,离开了房间。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时,通常表示出乎意料的结果,常被 just 或 only修饰,置于句末,用逗 号和句子分开。如: I went to the classroom,
6、only to find nobody there. 我去了教室,却没有见到一个人。 He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred. 他冲到门边, 却发现门已被锁死了。 23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the womens world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Austra
7、lia in 1991. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】1991年,12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录,当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世 界锦标赛,成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句,when 在句中引导状语从句,to win the womens world title作定语,修饰 the youngest female。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】championship n.冠军称号;锦标赛 We are proud for you to win the championship. 我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。 All the gold medals for t
8、he championship fell to the team. 本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语,具体用法参见第 18 句。 24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程,也不可能通过任何措施
9、如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消 除的过程。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是由并列连词 and 连接的复合句,To get rid of alcohol和 to speed it up在句中都作主语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】1)get rid of 摆脱;除去 How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem. 如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。 2)measure n. 尺寸;措施;手段 vt. 挣扎;争取 n.打斗;挣扎;斗争 The climbers struggled against the strong wind and fi
10、nally reached the top of the mountain. 登山者在强风中艰难的行走,最终到达山顶。 They struggled to get out of the burning building. 他们艰难地逃离了着火的大楼。 With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings. 经过一番斗争,我把情绪控制住了。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1)having done 作状语,具体用法参见第 25 句。 2)不定式 to do 常跟在下列动词后作宾语:ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, c
11、hoose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如: His parents choose to live in the countryside. 他的父母决意在乡下居住。 We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面,但是到现在她还没露面。 Would you like to go and have a p
12、icnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗? 28. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命,该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人,而不是老 迈长者,被认为是历史
13、上最严重的一次传染病。 【句式分析【句式分析】本句是简单句,包含有一个句式:be believed to do/be 被认为做/是,Having killed在 句中作状语,to strike作定语,修饰 tendency。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】strike vt. 攻(袭)击;打,打动; (钟)敲响报(时); 使突然想起 n.打击;罢工 Snowstorms often strike that area in winter. 冬天暴风雪常常袭击那个地区。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 The clock struck twelve. 钟敲十二点。
14、 I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 我被西湖的美景给迷住了。 It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到, 我应该制订一个新的方案。 The bus drivers have been on strike for several days. 公共汽车司机罢工好几天了。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1)(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被认为做/是= It is/ was believed that,在这个句式中, 不定式作主语补足语,可以代替
15、 believe 用于这个句式的动词还有:say, suppose, think, know, report等。如: Do you know why Friday is believed to be an unlucky day? 你知道为什么星期五被认为是不吉利的日子吗? The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years. 多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。 The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year peri
16、od. 人们认为建造这座大金字塔花去了 20多年的时间。 Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world. 姚明被认为是世界上最棒的篮球运动员之一。 2)having done作状语,具体用法参见第 25句。 3)to do 作定语,具体用法参见第 19句。 29. I dont know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought
17、Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望,但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行,所以,我想告诉你 一点关于你期望找到的东西。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是有并列连词 but连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句,what your expectations are,that youve never travelled,Id tell you 和 what you can都是宾语从句;knowing和 to find在句中分别作主 语和宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】expect v.
18、期望;预期 You cant expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability. 如果你要做能力达不到的事,就别指望成功。 The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation. 西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1)doing 可以作主语: 很多情况下,相当于 to do,有时也可用 it 作形式主语。常用 doing 作主语的句型: It is no good/use doing做没用 It is useless do
19、ing做没用 It is worthwhile doing做是值得的 It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. 劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。 如果 doing 有自己的逻辑主语,doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如: Toms/his coming late made the manager very angry. 汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。 to do 和 doing做主语的区别:to do常表示具体的某一动作; doing 表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动 名词。如: B
20、icycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesnt pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动; 而且还不污染环境。 2)不定式 to do作宾语:具体用法参见第 27 句。 30. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】摆脱负
21、面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的,同时主动地使你相信自己 的积极的品质。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是复合句,that your image is是宾语从句,to get rid of在句中作定语,to realize 和 to actively convince是并列成分,作表语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】far from 远离;远非,远远不是 The work he did yesterday is far from perfect. 他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。 Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it w
22、orse. 这药非但不镇咳,反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。 2)convince vt. 使信服;常用于以下结构: convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事。如: You need to convince your boss of your ability to do the job. 你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。 convince sb to do 说服某人做某事 It took me a long time to convince him to go with me. 我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。 convince sb+that 从句 使某人相信 I manage
23、d to convince my friend that I didnt mean to hurt him. 我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。 【语法点拨】【语法点拨】1)不定式 to do作定语:具体用法参见第 19 句。 2)不定式 to do作表语: 说明主语的具体内容。如: My only wish is to do something for the public. 我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。 表示不可避免将要发生的事。如: The discovery is to have a great effect on our life. 这个发现将对我们的生活产生重大影响。 不定式作表语,且
24、主语部分有 all, what, only或是最高级形容词修饰的名词和实义动词 do 时,作表语的不 定式可省去 to。如: All you need to do now is have a good rest. 现在你所需要的是好好休息。 31. In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms o
25、f roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. 【句式翻译】【句式翻译】诺丁汉城市委员会设立了一个计划,将一学年划分为五学期,并将暑假的时间减少为四周半, 这样一来,五个学期均有八周的时间,每个学期之后都有两周的休息时间。 【句式分析】【句式分析】本句是简单句,Nottingham City Council 作主语,is seeking 作谓语,each followed by a two-week break是独立主格结构,setting out和 to reduce在句中宾语。 【词语点拨】【词语点拨】1) seek vt
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