（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第三册英语Unit 2 Nature disasters Welcome to the unit and Reading 知识点.docx

1、Unit 2 Nature disasters Welcome to the unit and Reading 知识点 1. Disaster /dzarst(r)/ n.C 灾难，灾害； C,U彻底失败 natural disasters 自然灾害 2. reminder /rImalnd(r)/ n.C 引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物 3. hit vt. 损害 injury n. C, U(对躯体的)伤害,损伤; U (对感情的)伤害 8. at large 整个，全部 This article represents the opinion of the public at large.

2、这篇文章代表了普通大众的意见。 9. reaction /riaekfn/ n. C,U反应,回应 10. hold on to 抓紧,不放开;(替别人或更长时间 地)保存某物 Hold on to my arm. 抓紧我的胳膊。 I will hold on to these old stamps forever as they were left by my grandparents. 我会一直留着这些老邮票的，因为它们是我祖父母留下来的。 11. at the same time 同时 12. in case 以防，以防万一 13. crash /kraef/n. usually sin

3、g. 碰撞声,破裂声 14. sense vt.感觉到，意识到，觉察出 15. signal /signal/vi.C梯级 19. roll call n.点名 20. confirm /kanf3:m/ vt.证实,确认 21. safe and sound 安然无恙的 I wont be able to relax until I know that kids are safe and sound.直到 知道孩子们安然无恙,我 才能放心。 22. hug/hAg/ vt.拥抱,搂抱;抱紧 23. procedure /prasi:d3a (r)/n. C, U程序,步 骤,手续 safet

4、y procedure 安全事务的处理程序 24. a series of. 一系列 25. race vi. 偶尔的; 不成对的 I find her really odd - I cant figure her out at all. 我觉得她很古怪，我一点儿也猜不透她。 27. occur/ak3:(r)/vi.发生，出现;存在于 occur to 被想到,浮现在脑中 28. keep ones head (在困境中)保持冷静 29. warn sb. of/about sth.提醒某人注意某 事,使某人警惕某事 30. insist /InsIst/vi. 坚称 31. to ones

5、 relief 使某人宽慰的是 32. relief/rli:f/ n. U,sing. 宽慰,轻松 33. personality n. C,U性格,个性,人格 34. prepared adj.准备好;有所准备 prepare for. 准备防范 35. be/get prepared for.为做好准备 36. destructive /distraktIv/ adj.引起破坏(或 毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭性) 的 37. make the/a difference 有作用,有影响 38. tie down 绑住,拴住 39. informed /mfo:md/ adj. 了解情况的,见多

6、识广的 keep sb. informed 不断给某人提供最新消息 40. news update 最新新闻报道 41. in the face of 即使面对(问题、困难等) Point1. hit 教材语境 P16 : We cannot prevent natural disasters, but is there anything we can do when they hit? 我们不能阻止自然灾害的发生，但是当它们袭来的时候，我们可以做 什么呢？ 用法详解（1）vt.撞击,碰撞(造成损伤) 例：He hit te nail on the head with the hammer.

7、他用锤子对着钉子敲下去。 The car was out of control and then hit a traffic sign. 这辆汽车失控了,接着撞上了一个交通指示牌。 (3) n. C打， 击； 风行一时的流行歌曲(或唱片);很受欢迎的人(或事物) 例：The hit on the head made him senseless. 头部的一击使他昏过去了。 The record was a great hit and a million copies were sold. 这唱片非常成功,卖了 100 万张。 She becomes a hit here. 她在这里很受欢迎。 P

8、oint 2 injure 教材语境 P16： Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前灾区总体的伤亡情况是 7 人死亡,200 多人受伤,但(在这所学 校)只有 5 名学生受了轻伤。 用法详解： （1）injure vt. (尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤；损害,伤害 (名誉、自尊等) 例：By mile 17, I became out of breath an

9、d the once injured ankle hurt badly. 到了 17 英里 的时候，我上气不接下气,曾经受过伤的脚踝疼得 很厉害。 This could seriously injure the companys reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 归纳拓展 ：相关词语积累: (1) injury n. C,U(对躯体的)伤害,损伤 例：There were no injuries in the crash. 撞车事故中无人受伤。 (2) injured adj.受伤的；受到伤害的,委屈的 the injured 受伤的人,伤员(作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式)

10、例：The car accident left him seriously injured. 他在这场车祸中受了重伤。 Many of the injured are still in a serious condition. 很多伤者仍然情况危殆。 Point 3 reaction 教材语境 P16 ： Her students reaction was quick and correct - they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应 迅速、正确-他们头朝里,

11、爬到课桌下面,并紧紧抓住 桌腿。 用法详解： reaction n. C,U反应,回应 常见搭配：in reaction to sth.对某事物作出反应 reaction to sb. /sth.对的反应 例：An emergency fund was set up in reaction to the flood. 针对这次洪灾设立了一项应急基金。 What was his reaction to the plan? 他对这个计划有什么反应? 归纳拓展 ：相关词语积累: （1）react vi.回应,(对)作出反应; (对 食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应 常见搭配：react to s

12、th. (by doing sth.)(通过做 )对作出反应 react against.反对,反抗 react with sth.与发生反应 例： They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. 他们不确定美国人会对这种新型音乐作何反应。 Calcium reacts with water but less violently than sodium and potassium do. 钙能与水产 生化学反应，但不如钠及钾那么剧烈。 But when you share a story wi

13、th your friends, you care a lot more 但当你与朋友分享故事时，你更关心他们的反应。 Point 4 in case 教材语境 P16 ：At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时,布朗女士迅速打开教室的门,以防它在晃动中损坏而无法打 开。 用法详解 in case 意为“以防万一;如果,假使,可单独使用,也可引导从 句。 常见用法如下：

14、(1) 用作连词,表示目的,意为“以防万一”; 到学 (2) 用作连词，表示条件，意为“如果,假使”; (3) 用作副词性短语,在句中作状语,可单独使用,意为以防万一 例：I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car. 度假时我随身带了驾照,以防我想要租车。(in case 引导目的状语 从句) In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 如果我回来前他就到了,请 叫他等我。(in case 引导条件状语从

15、句) I guess weve already talked about this but Ill ask you again just in case. 我想我们已经 谈过这个问题了,不过以防万一,我要再问你一次。 (in case 为副词性短语) 归纳拓展 ：与 case 相关的其他短语 in case of 如果,假使 in any case 无论如何,不管怎样 case in that case 假使那样的话;既然那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 in no case 决不(若置于句首,句子要使用部 分倒装结构) 例：In case of any diffi

16、culty, call me at once. 如有任何困难,立即给我打电话。 Theres no coffee left? In that case Ill have tea. 没咖啡了?既然如此,我就喝茶吧。 In no case shall I forget the expression on my fathers face when I left home for university. 我决不会忘记我离开家去大学时我父亲脸上的表情。 Point 5 crash 教材语境 P16： There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things

17、 falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 尽管玻璃破碎和东西倒地发出阵阵巨响，但学生们仍然一动不动，沉 着安静地等待着。 用法详解： (1)n. usually sing.(倒下、 破碎等突然的)碰撞声,破裂声;C 相撞，撞车，碰撞 常见搭配： a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash 飞机失事 例：The branch came down with a crash. 树枝啪啦一声掉落下来。 It was t

18、he worst train crash in thirty years. 这是 30 年来最严重的火车相撞事故。 (2)vi. (使)猛撞,碰撞 常见搭配：crash(sth.)into. (使某物)撞上 例：The plane crashed shortly after it took off. 飞机起飞后不久便坠毁了。 He crashed his car into a wall. 他的汽车撞到了墙上。 Some scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappear

19、ance of dinosaurs. 一些科学家认为很久以前一颗彗星与地球相撞导致恐龙灭绝。 We could hear waves crashing against the shore. 我们能听到海浪哗哗地拍打着海岸。 (3)vi. (计算机)崩溃；(突然)贬值,倒闭,失败;暴跌 例：Files can be lost if the computer system suddenly crashes. 要是计算机系统突然崩溃 文件就有可能丢失。 The company crashed with debts of $50 million. 这家公司由于负债 5000 万美元而破产了。 Poin

20、t 6 ：signal 教材语境 P16 ：She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line with their hands on their heads. 她示意学生们抱着头,排好队,有序离开教室。 用法详解 (1)vt. vt.标志,表明,预示。 其过去式 和过去分词均为 signaled 或 signalled。 常见搭配：signal (to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 例：Her mother signalled (to) her to go back home when

21、it was time for supper. 该吃晚餐时,她的妈妈示意她回家。 The lengthening days signal the end of winter. 白昼变长标志着冬天的结束。 (2) n. C信号,暗号;标志,预示;信号灯 常见搭配：a danger/warning/distress signal 危险/警告/求救信号 例：When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us to leave. 她从桌边站 起来,这显然是要我们离开。 Chest pains can be a warni

22、ng signal of heart problems. 胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的报警信号。 When changing lanes, a driver should use turning signals to let other drivers know which lane he is entering. 当转变车道时,司机应该用转向灯让其他的司机知道他将进入哪 个车道。 Point 7 ：confirm 教材语境 P16 ： After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing,

23、crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙 后，他们才放松下来,笑啊,哭啊,互相拥 抱着。 用法详解：(1)vt.证实,证明,确认 常见搭配 ：It is/has been confirmed that.据/已证实 例：The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. 这家人给意大利文化部打电话,官 方确认这些画是原作,价值高

24、 达 5000 万美元。 It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.已 经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 (2) vt.使确信,使感觉更强烈 常见搭配：confirm ones belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm sb. in sth.使某人坚信某事 例： His support confirmed my determination to carry out the plan.他的支 持坚定了我执行 计划的决心。 The latest evidence confirm

25、ed me in his honesty. 最新的证据让我坚信他是诚实的。 归纳拓展： confirmation n. U,C证实,确认书,证明书 Point 8 occur 教材语境 P17 ：It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 用法详解 (1)vi. (想法、主意在某人脑海中)突然出现 常见搭配：sth. occurs to sb. (想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中 It occurs to sb. that.某人想到 (lt 作形式主语

26、,真正的主语是 that 引导 的从句,且 that 不能省略) 例： A brilliant idea occurred to me when I was resting in the study.我在书 房休息时想到了一个绝妙的主意。 It occurred to me that I had left the umbrella upstairs. 我想起我把伞忘在楼上了。 (2)vi.发生,出现 例：We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. 我们

27、是进化的产物,并且不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。 特别提醒：(1)occur 的过去式和过去分词均为 occurred,现在分词为 occurring。 (2)occur 不用于被动语态和进行时。occur 作谓语时,主语 通常为物。 归纳拓展： “发生”的其他表达: happen 意为“碰巧；(偶然地)发生,常含有偶然或突发的意味。 break out 意为“突然发生”，多指战争、火山等突然爆发或疾病、疫情等突 然暴发。 take place 意为“发生，举行”,常指按计划发生的事，没有“偶然的意 味。 Point 9 insist 教材语境 P17： However, certain t

28、hat a terrible disaster was coming, Sabrina n sisted that they talk to a safety officer. 然而,塞布丽娜确定一场可怕的灾难即将来临，她坚持要他们去找安 全员谈谈。 用法详解 (1)vi. 宽心地 to ones relief使某人宽慰的是;令某人轻松的是 breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 It is a relief to do sth.做某事是件让人欣慰/轻松的事。 例： When he knew he had passed the examination, he smiled

29、 in relief. 当他知道他通过了考试时，他如释重负地笑了。 Much to our relief/ To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely. 使我们非常欣慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。 It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事是件让人欣 慰的事。 Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 不过

30、， 当赛季临近尾声时， 我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。 (3) n. U(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻,消除,缓和 常见搭配：relief from/of. 的减轻/消除 例：Those who suffer from headaches will find they get relief from this medicine. 那些患头痛的人会发现这种药物会减轻疼痛。 Listening to music is a good way to help us get some relief from study pressure. 听音乐是帮助我们缓解学习压力的一种好方法。 Point I1： info

31、rmed 教材语境 P19 ： Listen to the radio to keep yourself informed of what is going on. 听广播，以便了解事态的进展。 用法详解 informed adj.了解情况的，见多识广的 常见搭配：keep sb. informed (of.)不断给某人提供最新消息 an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion 有依据的选择/决 定/猜测/看法 例：Please keep me fully informed of any developments. 事态如有进展,请随时通知我。 Readi

32、ng is an excellent way to learn new things and stay informed. 阅读是一种学习新事物和使人见多识广的好方法。 归纳拓展 ： (1)inform vt.通知;了解,熟悉 常见搭配： inform sb. of/about sth.通知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-从句通知某人 inform oneself of/about sth.使某人了解/熟悉某事 例：They would inform him of/about any progress they had made.他们会 把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。 He was informed that his application was rejected. 他被告知他的申请未被接受。 We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem. 我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。 (2)information n. U信息,消息,情报