（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第三册英语 Unit1 Reading Language points语言点 ppt课件.pptx

1、The Amazon rainforest is home to a great (1)_of plant life; however, its soil is surprisingly poor in nutrients. B1 The passage below is from a website about the Amazon rainforest. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. agriculture impact thus due to v

2、ariety survive beneath break down variety In fact, the soil in the region cannot support (2)_ for more than a few years. If a scientist is shown a report listing the nutrients of that soil, he or she will probably think that only desert plants can (3)_in it! Then why is the soil so poor in nutrients

3、? For one thing, the rainy season has a(n) (4)_on the soil. In the rainy season, the water level can rise to more than 12 metres. agriculture survive agriculture impact thus due to variety survive beneath break down impact When the water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil. For anothe

4、r thing, (5)_the Amazons hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients. Dead plants and animals (6)_more quickly. The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep (7)_the ground. As a result, most of the forests nutrients are locked up in the plants themselves

5、, (8)_ allowing them to grow at an unbelievable speed. due to break down beneath thus agriculture impact thus due to variety survive beneath break down 1. What do you think this script is about judging from the title and picture? 从标题从标题和图片和图片来来判断判断，你觉得这个文本是关于什么的？，你觉得这个文本是关于什么的？ judging from 从从判断判断，为

6、，为评注性状语评注性状语，是独立于句子之是独立于句子之 外的状语，属于句子状语，但它不是修饰句子，而是说话人外的状语，属于句子状语，但它不是修饰句子，而是说话人 对句子所做的评论或解释。对句子所做的评论或解释。 e.g. Judging from what you said in your letter, you dont sound well. 根据你来信中所写的情况根据你来信中所写的情况，你听上去好像不大好。，你听上去好像不大好。 Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. Thi

7、s is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem. 欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以 听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林，作为世界上最大听到动物发出的声音。这是亚马孙雨林，作为世界上最大 的雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重的雨林，它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方

8、面发挥着重 要作用。要作用。 2. Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 欢迎来到亚马逊森林，这是一片绿色的海洋。欢迎来到亚马逊森林，这是一片绿色的海洋。 a sea of: a large amount of sth. 大片的大片的，成片的，成片的 e.g. He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces. 他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。 (be) alive with: 充满，充满，到处是到处是(活的或动的东西

9、活的或动的东西) e.g. The pond was alive with frogs. 池塘里都是青蛙。池塘里都是青蛙。 be alive with happiness 眉飞色舞眉飞色舞 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1. The land is _spring sowing activities. 大地充满了一片春耕的活气。大地充满了一片春耕的活气。 2. I stood amid _ corn. 我我站在茫茫一片庄稼之中站在茫茫一片庄稼之中. alive with a sea of 3. As the largest rainforest in the world, it p

10、lays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem. 作为世界上最大的雨林作为世界上最大的雨林, 它在保护地球生态系统平衡方面它在保护地球生态系统平衡方面扮演扮演 了了重要的作用重要的作用。 play a role in doing sth 在在方面扮演了重要的角色方面扮演了重要的角色 e.g. Hard work plays a significant role in achieving success. 努力在获努力在获得得成功方面扮演了重要的角色成功方面扮演了重要的角色。 The

11、Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon river, from which the rainfores

12、t gets its name, its close to 6,400 Kilometers in length roughly 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze river. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the earth, one in ten known species in the worl

13、d can be found here. 4. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6400 kilometers in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近亚马孙河长接近6400千米千米,比长江比长江 还长约还长约100千米千米。 句中句中 from which the rainforest gets its name是是“介词“介词+关系代

14、关系代 词”引导的词”引导的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，为先行为先行项项 The Amazon river提提 供补充信息供补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开用逗号隔开。 e.g. The house, which was built over a hundred years ago, was not damaged in the earthquake. 5. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the wor

15、ld can be found. 这些生态系统给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的生物多样性：这些生态系统给这个地区带来了地球上最丰富的生物多样性： 世界上十个已知物种中就有一个可以在这里找到。世界上十个已知物种中就有一个可以在这里找到。 biodiversity n. the variety of plants and animals in a particular place 生物多样性生物多样性 (由由bio+ diversity构成构成) bio- :生物的；与生物相关的生物的；与生物相关的 e.g. bio-genetics 生物遗传学生物遗传学 biophysics 生物物理学生物物理学

16、 bioengineering 生物工程生物工程 6. With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约六百万平方千米，是中国国土面积的一半以上。亚马孙雨林面积约六百万平方千米，是中国国土面积的一半以上。 .roughly 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze river. 大体上比长江还长一百千米。大体上比长江还长一百千米。 倍数的表达方法：倍数的表达方法： A b

17、e + 倍数倍数+the height/weight/length/size.of B The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的地球的体积是月球的9倍倍 这间教室是那间教室的三倍宽。这间教室是那间教室的三倍宽。 This classroom is three times the width of that one. A be +倍数倍数+as +adj/adv+as B The table is four times as long as that one 这张桌子是那张的四倍长这张桌子是那张的四倍长 A be +倍数倍数 ad

18、j/adv比较级比较级+than B A比比B.几倍几倍 中国比韩国大中国比韩国大96倍。倍。 China is 96 times larger than Korea. Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The fores

19、ts different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods,

20、 and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. 7. The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。

21、variety n. a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way (同一事物的同一事物的)不同种类不同种类, 多种式样多种式样 a variety of 各种各样的各种各样的 e.g. We can see that a variety of techniques are used in the painting. 我们可以看到这幅画作中使用了多种技巧我们可以看到这幅画作中使用了多种技巧。 various adj. 各种各样的各种各样的 【同根词同根词】 vary v. 相异相异

22、,不同不同,各种各样的各种各样的 vary fromto 由由到到不等不等 vary with 随随变化变化 e.g. The menu varies with the season. House prices vary from place to place and are usually high where there are famous schools. 各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。 【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子翻译句子。 With the development of economy, there are va

23、rious goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods (奢侈品奢侈品), which greatly enrich peoples life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity. 随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢 侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数 量也随季节而变化。量也随

24、季节而变化。 Language points 在这在这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持谓语应与其后的主语保持 一致一致。 8. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在在它的上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。它的上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。 介词介词短语短语above that放句首，句子用完全放句首，句子用完全倒装。倒装。这样这样可以保持可以保持句句 子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密。子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密。 e.g. Among these people was

25、his friend Jim. 他他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。 By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 Language points mass n. a large amount of sth. 大量大量；许多许多，团；块；，团；块；堆堆 【搭配搭配】 a mass of / masses of sth 大量，许多大量，许多 the mass of 中的大多数中的大多数 the masses 群众群众 e.g

26、. A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain 从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块石块 I struggled through the mass of people to the exit. 我我在人群里挤来挤去在人群里挤来挤去,挤到了出口处挤到了出口处。 a TV programme that brings science to the masses 普及普及科学知识的电视节目科学知识的电视节目 mass adj. involving or intended for a very large number of pe

27、ople 大量的，大批的；民众的大量的，大批的；民众的 e.g. a mass marketing campaign 大规模大规模营销活动营销活动 Email has made mass mailings possible at the touch of a button. 有了有了电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件。 9. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. 每一层森林都形成了自己的每一层森林都形成了自

28、己的小小世界世界，是各种生物的家园。，是各种生物的家园。 living adj. 1) alive now 活着的活着的；活的；活的，做表语或前置定语，做表语或前置定语 e.g. the finest living pianist 当当世的最杰出的钢琴家世的最杰出的钢琴家 2) 在使用的在使用的；在实施的；在实施的 e.g. a living language (=one that people still use)现用语言现用语言 living n. the way that you earn money or the money that you earn 生计生计; 收入收入 e.g.

29、What do you do for a living? (=what do you do as a job?) 你是做什么营生的？你是做什么营生的？ lively/alive/live alive adj. 活着的，有活力的，常作表语、后置定语或补语。活着的，有活力的，常作表语、后置定语或补语。 His grandparents are still alive. （表语）（表语） Who is the greatest poet alive? （后置定语）（后置定语） In the end, two brave soldiers caught the enemy general alive.

30、（宾补）（宾补） lively adj. 活泼活泼的，活跃的，生动的，活跃的，生动的，指人或物，的，指人或物，作定语或作定语或 表语表语。 They fell into a lively discussion of the question. Her story about her life in Africa was lively and interesting. live v. 居住居住；过过的的生活生活 adj. 活的，不指人活的，不指人，一般只作一般只作定语定语。 adj. & adv. 现场直播现场直播，现场，现场表演表演 The couple are living a peacef

31、ul life in the countryside. This is a live tiger. Dont get too close to it. The club has live music most nights. If the match is broadcast live on CCTV 5, we neednt go to the stadium. 【语境应用语境应用】请请将下列汉语句子译成英语将下列汉语句子译成英语。 1. 北京北京是个生机勃勃的城市是个生机勃勃的城市。 2. 没有水，地球上将没有生物没有水，地球上将没有生物。 3. 我们不知道他是否还活着我们不知道他是否还活

32、着。 4. 无论发生什么，请保持希望无论发生什么，请保持希望。 Beijing is a lively city. Without water, there will be no living things on earth. We dont know whether he is alive or not. Whatever happens, please keep your hope alive. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungles plant life

33、. This jaguar is one example. It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forests food chain. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.

34、 When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 10. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forests food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链但它们只是这个雨林食物链 的一个要素的一个要素。 survive

35、vi. 生存生存，存活存活，继续存在继续存在vt. 幸存，幸免于难，艰难幸存，幸免于难，艰难 度过度过 e.g. Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. Strike while the iron is hot. Some people waste food while others are starving

36、. 尽管尽管 当当时时 然而然而 【拓展拓展】 survive vt. to live longer than someone else, usually someone closely related to you 比比活活(或存在或存在)的时间长的时间长 survival n. 生存；幸存生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者；生还者幸存者；生还者 e.g. The old lady has survived all her three children. They experienced an airplane crash and only two survived. Of cour

37、se, she was one of the two survivors. Somehow, her survival was a wonder. 11. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地相应地, 这些青蛙以昆虫为食这些青蛙以昆虫为食,而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 in turn 1) as a result of sth. in a series of events 相应地相应地,转而转而 e.g. Increasing production costs will, in

38、 turn, lead to higher prices. 生产成本不断提高相应地会引超价格上涨生产成本不断提高相应地会引超价格上涨。 2) one after the other in a particular order 依次依次 e.g. There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn. 女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。 【拓展拓展】 in ones turn 轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着 take turns to do sth./ (in) doing sth. 轮

39、流做某事轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事 e.g. It will be in Toms turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到汤姆值日。明天轮到汤姆值日。 The students were taking turns reading aloud. 学生学生正在轮流朗读正在轮流朗读。 I think its our turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我我想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。 12. When a jagu

40、ar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 当当一只美洲豹一只美洲豹死亡时死亡时，一小群微生物帮助它分解身体，并将，一小群微生物帮助它分解身体，并将 营养物质返回营养物质返回土壤。土壤。 break down 1) 分解；将分解；将分成分成若干部分若干部分 e.g. The report breaks down the results region by region. 报告报告将调查结果按地区分成若干部分。将调查结果按地区分成若干

41、部分。 2) (机器机器或或车辆车辆)出毛病出毛病，损坏，损坏 e.g. Their car broke down. 他们的车子出故障了他们的车子出故障了。 3) (讨论讨论、关系或系统关系或系统) 失败失败，破裂，失灵，破裂，失灵 e.g. Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。 Paolas marriage broke down. Paola的婚姻破裂了的婚姻破裂了。 4) 情不自禁地哭起来情不自禁地哭起来: e.g. He broke down and wept

42、when he heard the news. 听到这个消息听到这个消息,他不禁失声痛哭。他不禁失声痛哭。 The Amazon rainforest breathe life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earths oxygen. Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that

43、 can be used for food or medicine. Yet, there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. As the impact of human activities continues to

44、grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, were left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 13. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earths oxygen. 亚马孙雨林通过固定碳亚马孙雨林通过固定碳,并产

45、生超过全球总量并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气的氧气,使使 得地球生生不息得地球生生不息。 breathe life into 给给带来起色带来起色,注入活力注入活力 e.g. We need some new people to breathe life into this project. 我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。 【语境应用】【语境应用】翻译翻译句子。句子。 1. 是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。 It is the readers who _a newspaper with their letters. 2

46、. 影评影评家希望这位年轻导演会给法国的电影业注入新的生命家希望这位年轻导演会给法国的电影业注入新的生命。 Critics are hoping the young director can _ the French film industry. breathe life into breathe new life into 14. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle f

47、arming. 在过去的在过去的50年里年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约约17%的雨林已的雨林已 经消失了。经消失了。 due to: because of 由于由于, 因为因为 (常用于正式文体中常用于正式文体中) e.g. The flight was cancelled due to bad weather. 由于天气不好由于天气不好, 航班被取消了。航班被取消了。 agriculture n. 农业；农学；农艺农业；农学；农艺 agricultural adj. 农业的，农用的农业的，农用的 e.g. agricultural policy/land/prod

48、uction/development 15. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 随着人类活动的影响不断增加随着人类活动的影响不断增加， 濒危物种的名单越来越长濒危物种的名单越来越长， 这就留给我们一个问题这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损

49、害我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”“地球之肺” 的后果吗的后果吗？ 【句子结构分析句子结构分析】 本句是主从复合句。本句是主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句。从句中引导时间状语从句。从句中and连接两连接两 个并列句。个并列句。 impact n. 1) the effect or influence 作用，影响作用，影响 e.g. New technologies will have an impact on teaching methods 新技术会对教学方法产生影响新技术会对教学方法产生影响。 2) the force of one object hitting another 冲击力冲击力，撞击力，撞击力撞击撞击；冲撞；冲击力；冲撞；冲击力 e.g. The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance. 这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。 impact v. 有影响；冲击有影响；冲击 impact on/upon 对对产生影响产生影响 e.g. H