（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第三册英语Unit 1 Nature in the balance 教学知识细解码 ppt课件.ppt

1、Unit 1 Nature in the balance 教学知识细解码教学知识细解码 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1_ n& vt.伤害，损害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj. 无害的 2long adj.长的，长时间的_ n长，长度；时间的长短； 篇幅，(电影)片长 3_ vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难survival n残存 物；幸存事物survivor n幸存者；生还者 harm length survive 4 _ vi.不复存在， 灭绝， 消亡； 消失； 失踪disappearance n消失；失踪 5_ n农业，农学agricultural a

2、dj.农业的 disappear agriculture 1variety n不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. _ We want more variety in our work. _ Apples come in a great many varieties. _ 不同种类 变化，多样性 变种，变体 2living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n生计，谋生；生活方 式 Father never talked about what he did for a living. _ Chin

3、ese is one of the most beautiful languages that is living in the world. _ He is the finest living pianist that I have ever seen. _ 生计 在使用的 活着的 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 harm n& vt.伤害，损害 (教材 P1)The human race has done much harm. 人类已经造成了许多危害。 例 1 What should be done to punish people who do harm to the a

4、nimals? 应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？ 例 2 Too much direct sunlight will harm the plants. 过多的阳光直射会损害植物。 造句 他们对热带雨林造成了严重危害。 _ They did serious harm to tropical rainforest. 知识拓展 (1)do sb./sth.harmdo harm to sb./sth. 对有害 There is no harm (in)doing sth. 做某事并无害处 (2)harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to. 对有害 (3)harmless ad

5、j. 无害的 即学即练 单句语法填空 Walking in the air full of smog is _(harm)to us. Drinking too much does harm _ your health. There is no harm _(say)sorry to him first. We all know that smoking _(do)harm to our health. harmful to saying does 知识要点2 variety n不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 (教材 P3)The forests different levels supp

6、ort an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 例 1 We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化。 例 2 Im always pleased to try out a new variety. 我一直乐于尝试新品种。 造句 我们有各种款式和尺码的货品。 _ We stock a wide variety of styles and sizes. 归纳拓展 (1)a variety ofvarieties of various 各种各样的；不同种类的 (2)v

7、ary v. 变化多；变化；使多样化 vary from.to. 从到不等； 在到之间变动 vary with. 随而变动 即学即练 单句语法填空 For _(variety)reasons，we couldnt attend her wedding. Students are offered _(variety)of courses in this department. That sort of thing varies _ person to person in African countries. The menu in the restaurant varies _ the seas

8、on. various varieties from with 小片段助记 I am glad that our students have varieties of questions to ask in class，and I would love to answer them in various ways.In addition，the questions vary from person to person. 知识要点3 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 (教材P3)While a significant number of jaguars survive he

9、re， they are only one element of this forests food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的 一个要素。 例 1 Is it enough to have survived for a long time? 能保存很长一段时间就足够了吗？ 例 2 I cant survive on 20 a week. 我每周靠 20 英镑难以生存。 造句 很多鸟死于这次严冬。 _ Many birds didnt survive the severe winter. 归纳拓展 (1)survive sth. 幸免于；从中挺过来/

10、活过来 survive on 依靠生活 survive sb.by. 比某人多活 (2)survival n. 生存；幸存 (3)survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 名师点津 survive 作“幸存；幸免于难”解时为及物动词，其 后直接接宾语，不用介词 in 或 from。 即学即练 单句语法填空 The old woman survived her own daughter _ ten years. If you develop AIDS，your chances of _(survive)are very small. He is lucky to have _(survive)th

11、e terrible accident. by survival survived 知识要点4 break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) (教材 P3)When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物 质还给大地。 例 1 Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agr

12、eement reached. 两国之间的和平谈判破裂，没有达成协议。 例 2 The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information. 在他搜寻资料时，电脑系统突然坏了。 造句 塑料袋很难分解。 _ Plastic bags are difficult to break down. 归纳拓展 break up 破裂，绝交；解散；破碎 break in 闯进；打断 break into 闯入；侵占 break out (战争、火灾、疫病等)暴发 break through 突破；冲破；有重要发

13、现 break away from 逃脱；脱离 即学即练 单句语法填空 Its very impolite of you to break _ while were talking. His house _(break)into last night. When the war broke _，he was only four. My girlfriend has broken _ with me. in was broken out up 小片段助记 Unfortunately，the peace talks broke down in the end.As a result，a war b

14、roke out between the two countries.The native people had to break away from their homes and suffered a lot from the war. 知识要点5 due to 由于，因为 (教材 P3)Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的 50 年里，由于农

15、耕和养牛等人类活动，大约 17%的雨 林消失了。 例 1 In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates. 在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长。 例 2 Due to the widespread use of penicillin，many lives were saved during the war. 正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间很多生命得以挽救。 造句 比赛因下雨而延期。 _ The game was put off due to the rain. 归纳拓展 (1)due ad

16、j. 应付的；应得的；适当的；预期的；到期的 be due to do sth. 预期/预定要做某事 be due to sb. 应支付/应给予/应归于某人 be due for sth. 应得到某物 (2)表示“由于”的词组还有： owing to 由于 because of 因为；由于 as a result of 由于 thanks to 多亏；由于 on account of 由于，因为 即学即练 单句语法填空 The team are due _(fly)to Italy next month. The meeting isnt due _(start)until three. Ha

17、ve they been paid the money that is due _ them? The sports meeting had to be put off due _ the bad weather. to fly to start to to 知识要点6 damage vt.& n损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 (教材 P3).can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 例 1 The damage is usually more serious on the first plant.

18、对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。 例 2 As we all know， eating too much fat will damage our health. 众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。 造句 暴雨对庄稼造成了很大的损害。 _ The heavy rain has done/caused great damage to the crops. 归纳拓展 do/cause damage to. 对造成损害 damage ones health 损害某人的健康 即学即练 单句语法填空 The earthquake caused great damage _ the city.

19、It will take several months to repair the ship _(damage)in the storm. As we know，smoking seriously _(damage)our health. They have repaired the buildings _(damage)in the fire. to damaged damages damaged 知识要点7 build up 逐渐增加，扩大 (教材 P5)For another thing，due to the Amazons hot climate，it is difficult for

20、 the soil to build up enough nutrients. 另一方面，由于亚马孙的炎热气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。 例 1 The secret to oil painting is to build up layer on layer on a canvas. 画油画的秘诀就是在画布上涂上一层又一层(的颜料)。 例 2 Traffic is building up on roads into the city. 来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。 造句 当时各方面的压力逐渐增加，那家工厂每况愈下。 _ _ All the pressure built up at t

21、hat time and the factory went from bad to worse. 归纳拓展 build sth.up 创建；开发 build up ones strength 恢复体力 build sb.up 增强体质 build up ones vocabulary 增加词汇量 build on 把建立于；依赖 即学即练 单句语法填空 You can build _ his honesty. It may take a few weeks for you to build _ your strength again. She has built _ a very succes

22、sful business. Greenhouse gases continue to build _ in the atmosphere，causing the global temperature to go up. on up up up Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 倍数the size of. (教材 P2)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China 亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里， 相当于中

23、国面积的一半以上。 句式分析 本句中用了“倍数the名词(size/length/width/height/weight.) of被比较的对象”这一结构。 例 1 Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown. 北京是我家乡的十倍大。 例 2 This river is three times the length of that one.这条河是那 条河的三倍长。 造句 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。 _ The plane flew ten times the height of the kite. 知识拓展 常见的倍数表示法： (1)倍数

24、asadj./adv.(原级)as. (2)倍数比较级than. (3)倍数what 从句 翻译 This table is _(三倍长)than that one. The price of the house this year is _ (是去年的两倍). three times longer twice what it was last year 即学即练 单句语法填空 This bridge is five times the _(wide)of that one. The red ruler is four times _(long)than the yellow one. The

25、 city is ten times as _(big)as my hometown. A new iPhone costs about three times _ price of a secondhand one. width longer big the 重点句式2 “表语系动词主语” ”倒装句式 (教材 P3)Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。 句式分析 本句为完全倒装句。 作表语的介词短语 above that 位于句子开头， 整句进行了全部倒装。正常

26、语序为 The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that。 例 1 In the middle of the hall was standing a tall young man. 在大厅中央站着一个高个子的年轻人。 例 2 Among the guests is the person you are looking for. 你找的那个人就在客人当中。 造句 窗户旁边是一位悲伤的母亲。 _ Near the window is a sad mother. 知识拓展 需要完全倒装的情况： (1)当作表语的“介词短语/形

27、容词/分词”置于句首时，句子要用全 部倒装，构成“表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)连系动词主语”结构。 (2)表示地点、 时间、 方向等的介词短语放在句首时。 常见的介词有： among，between，in，at，beneath 等。 (3)表示方向、地点和时间的副词 in，out，down，up，off，back， away，over，there，now，then，here 等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是 代词时，要全部倒装。 翻译 _(汽车来了). _(我们学校前面矗立着)a tower. Here comes the bus In front of our school stands 即

28、学即练 单句语法填空 Sitting in the hall _(be)the two astronauts who were very young. Here _(come)a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. On the wall _(be)hanging two old paintings. Present at the evening party on Thursday _(be)our English teacher. were comes are was 1(教材 P2)

29、The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometres in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 分析 此句为主从复合句， 其中 from which the rainforest gets its name为 “介词 which ”引导的定语从句， 修饰先行词 The Amazon River。 译文 亚马孙河接近 6 400 公里长，比长江大约还长 100 公里， 亚马孙雨林便是由其得名。 2

30、(教材 P3)Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things. 分析 此句为简单句。home to different kinds of living things 是 名词 world 的同位语。 译文 雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家 园。 3(教材 P3)As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of ext

31、inction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 分析 此句为主从复合句。其中 As 引导时间状语从句，表示 “当时候，随着”。can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”是名词 question 的同位语。 译文 人类活动的影响不断增大，濒危物种名单越来越长，这 留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 教材 高考 1.The human race has done m

32、uch harm. (2020全 国 卷 )These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 2.The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. (2020 全国卷)There are different kinds of f

33、ruit trees as well as a variety of animals. 3.When a jaguar dies， a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. (2020 天津卷)Jones idea has been fully realizedthe“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from s

34、aying hello. 4.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ (2020 全国卷)Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. .单句语法填空 1The polluted air around is _(harm

35、)to our health. 2He was ordered to pay _ (damage)totaling $ 3，000. 3She survived her husband _ ten years. 4She is the only _(survive)in the accident. 5A police officer came to our help when our car broke _ on the way. harmful damages by survivor down 6The bands first album is due _(come)out this mon

36、th. 7Build yourself _ to peak performance on the day of the exam. 8The production is now three times _ it was five years ago. 9In front of our house _(lie)a river where we used to swim. 10The island offers such a wide _(vary)of scenery and wildlife. to come up what lies variety .短语填空 in turn；break d

37、own；breathe life into；due to；build up；feed on； in danger of；play a role in；more than；be known as 1Increased production will，_，lead to increased profits. 2The graduates _ our business. 3 As is known to all， the panda is _becoming extinct. in turn breathed life into in danger of 4I like her _ her sist

38、er. 5The country needs new leadership if she is to _ future development. 6Birds _ nuts and berries in the winter. 7 Many people were expecting that the peace talks would _ more than play a role in feed on break down 8This design came to _ the oriental style. 9The project had to be abandoned _ a lack

39、 of government funding. 10She has always been encouraged to swim to _ the strength of her muscles. be known as due to build up .课文语法填空 Welcome to the Amazon rainforest， the 1._(large)rainforest in the world.It plays a significant role in 2._(maintain)the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem.The Amaz

40、on rainforest crosses into eight countries 3._ an area of around 6 million square kilometres， more than half 4._ size of China.It is named after the Amazon River， 5._ is close to 6，400 kilometres in length. largest maintaining with the which Of the 390，000 plant species 6._(know)to us，more than 40，

41、000 can be found in the Amazon rainforest.The forests different levels support an unbelievable 7._(vary)of wildlife.And more than 1， 300 species of 8._(bird)and over 400 species of mammals hide among the forest. The Amazon rainforest 9._(know)as the “lungs of the planet” by fixing carbon and producing over 20% of all the Earths oxygen.Moreover，the Amazon rainforest 10._(be)a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. known variety birds is known is