（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第一册英语unit2Grammar and usage ppt课件.pptx

1、Unit 2 Lets talk teens Simple, compound and complex sentences 1. Be familiar with the three different sentence structures 2. Judge which structures the sentences are How do you express your ideas, by sentences or words? Sentences. S subject V verb O object P predicative DO direct object IO indirect

2、object C object complement main elements adverbial attributive used to modify a word or sentence 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 宾语宾语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 表语表语 宾语宾语(间间) 宾语宾语(直直) vt. Link Verb vi. noun. / pronoun. The + adj. / v-ing / Clause / Infinitive be / feel / seem / look appear / lie / become /get / grow / turn / go / come

3、/ remain/ keep / taste / smell etc. noun. / pronoun. / The + adj. / v-ing / Clause / Infinitive noun./ adj. / adv. Infinitive/ v-ing / v-ed etc. noun. pronoun. adj. / adv. infinitive v-ing / v-ed clause etc. 简单句简单句(simple sentence)： A simple sentence is made up of one independent clause which has on

4、e subject-verb combination. 句子中只有一个主语句子中只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓（或并列主语）和一个谓 语（或并列谓语），句子的各个成分都是语（或并列谓语），句子的各个成分都是由由单单 词和短语充当词和短语充当。 (1) 什么是什么是简单句简单句？ (2) 简单句简单句的五个基本类型有哪些？的五个基本类型有哪些？ (2) 简单句简单句的五个基本类型有哪些？的五个基本类型有哪些？ 基本类型基本类型 (1) 主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(S+Vi ) (2) 主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语(S+V+P ) (3) 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语(S+

5、Vt+O ) (4) 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S+Vt+IO+DO) (5) 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C) S Vi He swims. He is drinking. S V P He is a teacher. He is friendly. 谓语是主语所谓语是主语所 做的动作。做的动作。 表语是对主语特征的描表语是对主语特征的描 述。表语前的动词叫系述。表语前的动词叫系 动词。动词。 He looks young. S Vt O He often sing this song. 宾语是动作作用的对象。宾语是动作作用的对象。 S

6、+Vt+IO+DO He gives me a pen. 间接宾语通常是人，直接宾间接宾语通常是人，直接宾 语通常是物。语通常是物。 S+Vt+O+C He asks us to take a notebook. 宾语补足语补充说明宾语的宾语补足语补充说明宾语的 动作或状态。动作或状态。 由由SV和和SVO扩展：扩展： 主谓状：主谓状：主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语(SVA)。谓语为不。谓语为不 及物动词。及物动词。 eg He talked too much. 主谓宾状：主谓宾状：主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语(SVOA)。 eg I had my first maths class

7、at senior high school. Analyze the following sentences. 1. They work hard. 主语 谓语 表语 2. The flower is dead. 主语 系动词 状语 3. Plants need water. 主语 谓语 间宾 4. He gives me some seeds. 主语 谓语 宾语 直宾 5. We should keep the plants in the shade. 主语 谓语 宾语 6. We found her in tears. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 写出写出句子结构类型。句子结构类型。 1

8、) Everybody smiled. 2) The car caught fire. 3) Did the milk turn sour? 4) He bought his wife a dress. 5) Roy found his new job rather boring. 6) Your brother got up at 10 oclock. 7) I havent seen Daniel for long. SV SVO SVP SVOO SVOC SVA SVOA 并 列 句 并 列 句 并列句并列句是由是由两个或两个以上的简单句两个或两个以上的简单句通过通过并列并列 连词连词

9、and, but, or, so等连接起来等连接起来的较长句子的较长句子。当。当 用并列句表达思想时，要注意用并列句表达思想时，要注意两两个并列分句之个并列分句之 间没有从属关间没有从属关系，它们是同等重要的独立分句。系，它们是同等重要的独立分句。 compound sentence A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses. We use linking words such as (1) and, or, (2) but, so or for to link the clauses. 并列分句还可用并列分句还可用连接副词或分

10、号连接副词或分号来连接。来连接。 Most of the class went on the trip; however, Li Hua stayed at school. The girls did the dishes; the boys swept the floor. 用用并列连词并列连词（如（如and、but、so、yet等等） I enjoy playing tennis, but I hate playing basketball. It started to rain suddenly, so we stopped planting our trees. 1. 表示表示并列关系

11、的并列句并列关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：，常见的连接词有： and, both .and, not only . but also, as well 等；等； 2. 表示表示选择关系的并列句选择关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：，常见的连接词有： or, either . or, otherwise等；等； 3. 表示表示转折和对比关系的并列句转折和对比关系的并列句，常见的连接，常见的连接 词有：词有：but, while, yet, still, however等；等； 4. 表示表示因果关系的并列句因果关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：，常见的连接词有： for, thus, so, there

12、fore等。等。 请判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句。请判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句。 1. He ran to the bookstore and bought the novel. 2. He gave it to me, and I gave it to John. 3. She doesnt like the new house and wants to sell it. 4. My brother is the tallest among us, for he is older than us. 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并

13、为一个并请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并 列句。列句。 He was tired, so he went to bed. 1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog. 3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it. He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was a

14、fraid of the dog. A complex sentence contains one main clause and at least one subordinate clause. A subordinate clause can be the subject, predicative, object, attributive or adverbial of the sentence. 复合句：主句复合句：主句+从句从句 由由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成构成的句的句 子结构叫复合句子结构叫复合句(complex sentence)，主句，主句

15、为主为主 体，从句不能独立，只作句子的一个体，从句不能独立，只作句子的一个成分。成分。 （从句有：名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句（从句有：名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句） 复合句复合句与并列句的区别在于，与并列句的区别在于，前者有主句和从前者有主句和从 句之分句之分，而后者没有，分句和分句之间的关系，而后者没有，分句和分句之间的关系 是平等的。连接并列句的词叫并列连词，而是平等的。连接并列句的词叫并列连词，而连连 接复合句的词叫从属连词接复合句的词叫从属连词。 复合句与简单句复合句与简单句： 复合句复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句 He told me the n

16、ews. 宾语宾语 that the match had been cancelled. when he was leaving for Paris. how much he was prepared to pay for my car. 宾语从句宾语从句 He worked in that factory three years ago. 地点状语地点状语 where his father worked 时间状语时间状语 when he lived there. 名词性名词性从句从句： 名词性从句在句子中起一个名词的作用名词性从句在句子中起一个名词的作用。它。它 可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位

17、语可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。 eg Whatever he said is good enough for us. （作主语）（作主语） We all believe what he said.（作宾语）（作宾语） The problem is who we can get to replace her.（作表语）（作表语） The fact that the money has gone doesnt mean it was stolen.（作同位语）（作同位语） 状语状语从句从句： eg When he got home, he drank a cup of tea. （时装状语）（

18、时装状语） We must camp in the place where we can get water.（地点状语）（地点状语） She was late because she missed the early bus.（原因状语）（原因状语） 定定语语从句从句： eg I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 指出下列各从句的指出下列各从句的类型。类型。 I believe that everything is going on well. She was reading a novel when I came in. She is t

19、he girl who sings best in my class. 宾语从句宾语从句 状语从句状语从句 定语从句定语从句 用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。 1. He has found out. She was late. (why) He has found out why she was late. 2. I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when) I still remember the day when I first went to York. 将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复

20、合句。将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。 1. He didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因原因) He didnt come yesterday because he was ill. 2. Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （时间时间） Ill give the letter to him when I see him. Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him. Ill give the letter to him the moment I see

21、 him. 3. It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结结 果果） 4. Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (条件条件) 5. We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant. (让步让步) It is such a big box that nobody can move it. Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. Although the pl

22、ace is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time. 判断判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 简单句简单句 复

23、合句复合句 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 Below is an introduction on the home page of a website for teenagers. Match each sentence with the correct type in the table below. Write down the numbers. (1) We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult. (2) So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journ

24、ey to adulthood. (3) Our website has many articles about teenagers physical and mental health. Complex sentence Simple sentence Simple sentence (4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem. (5) It may not have been addressed before, but dont worry. (6)You can visit the teen

25、health forum on our website instead. (7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website. (8) Users are encouraged to post their problems, and they will get advice from health experts and other forum users. Simple sentence Compound sentence Simple sentence Complex sentence Compound sentenc

26、e (9) Before you write your post, however, take a look at other users posts first. (10) It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum. (11) If your problem is a new one, write a post about it. (12) Our health experts will be glad to tell you what steps you can take to improve

27、your situation. (13) There is a lot to see, so take some time to look around our website! Complex sentence Complex sentence Complex sentence Complex sentence Compound sentence Simple sentence Compound sentence Complex sentence 2, 3, 4,6 5, 8, 13 1, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 A simple sentence is made up of on

28、e independent clause which has one subject-verb combination. A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses. We use linking words such as (1) _, or, (2) _, so or for to link the clauses. Working out the rules and but A complex sentence contains one main clause and at least one subordinate cla

29、use. A subordinate clause can be the subject, predicative, object, attributive or adverbial of the sentence. Working out the rules 1. Your password should be at least eight characters long. This makes it difficult to guess. B. Applying the rules Your password should be at least eight characters long

30、 because this makes it difficult to guess. Below are some tips on how to use TeenHealthWeb. Join each pair of sentences to form a compound or complex sentence. 2. Posts should not give out personal information. They should not include advertisements. Posts should not give out personal information an

31、d they should not include advertisements. 3. Describe your problems clearly. Other people can understand them easily. Describe your problems clearly so other people can understand them easily. 4. The experts will reply to you. They see your posts. 5. What do you think of our forum? Let us know. The

32、experts will reply to you as soon as/when/once they see your posts. Let us know what you think of our forum. Teresa is talking to her friend Jack about her parents. Complete the conversation with the correct linking words in the box below. and because but how if that unless why Teresa: Im under a lo

33、t of stress these days (1) _ my parents are always comparing me with my friends. Theyre never satisfied (2) _ I do better than all my friends -in schoolwork, in hobbies, in everything! because unless Jack: Thats terrible. I can see ( 3) _ youre anxious. You should tell your parents (4) _ youre tryin

34、g your best. Theres no point in comparing you with others all the time. Everyone is unique. Teresa: I know, (5) _ my parents dont seem to understand that. (6) _ they continue like this, Ill lose confidence in myself. why that but If and because but how if that unless why Jack: I think your parents a

35、re too strict with you. Dont take a passive role in the relationship. Talk to them. Let them know (7) _ you feel. Sometimes, competition can push you to do better. Right now, its just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance. how and because but how if that unless why Teresa

36、: Thank you, Jack. Ill try talking to my parents. Jack: Cheer up, Teresa. Theyll understand (8) _ everything will turn out all right! and and because but how if that unless why In pairs or groups, role-play a conversation between Teresa and her parent(s) using simple, compound and complex sentences. The beginning has been given. Teresa: Hi Mum! Can we please talk? Mother: Sure, dear. Whats the matter? Write sentences about your first day at senior high school in different sentence structures.