（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第一册英语第三单元定语从句 ppt课件.pptx

1、定语从句定语从句 Relative clause Grammar Guessing game She is a teenage girl. She is a teenage girl with a broken heart. She is a teenage girl feeling betrayed by her best friend. She is a teenage girl who felt at a loss what to do next. Amy Restrictive relative clause Guessing game He a person who/that sta

2、rted taking piano lessons when he was only three-years old. He is a singer who/that writes his own songs and has written some songs for other pop singers. He is a director who/that also starred in his own movie “Secret”. to modify a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it Whats the function of attrib

3、utive clause? 1. I dont know what you are talking about. 2. He told the teacher that he was not feeling well. 3. I wont tell you the secret that he told me. Tick out the sentences with relative clauses: They all enjoyed the cake that I made. relative clause 定语从句定语从句 antecedent 先行词先行词 relative words关

4、系词关系词 Relative words Relative pronoun Relative adverb Relative pronoun When we talk about people： When we talk about things: When we talk about possession: who / that Step 1： 先行词是人还是物？ which / that whose 1.The man is friendly. He lives next door. The man who lives next door is friendly. 2.She was th

5、e teacher. She taught us. She was the teacher who taught us. Step 1： 先行词是人还是物？ Relative pronoun 1. Jack works for a factory. The factory makes shoes. Jack works for a factory that/which makes shoes. 2. The cups hurt his foot. The cups were broken. The cups which were broken hurt his feet. Step 1： 先行

6、词是人还是物？ Relative pronoun Step 1： 先行词是人还是物？ Relative pronoun 1. The girl is singing. The girls hair is red. 2. The book is mine. The cover of the book is blue. The girl whose hair is red is singing. The book whose cover is blue is mine. whose既可 以表示人, 也 可表示物 在在whose表示物时表示物时,whose可以转化为可以转化为the+ noun+ o

7、f+ which的形式，的形式，但但whose表示人时通常无此种转化表示人时通常无此种转化. I couldnt work out the problem whose answer seemed quite strange. I couldnt work out the problem the answer to which seemed quite strange. This is the car _ door is broken. This is the car the door of which is broken. This is the car of which the door i

8、s broken He lives in a big house _windows are very old. whose whose He lives in a big house the windows of which are very old. She is the student whose home is in Shanghai. Relative pronoun Step 2： 在定语从句中充当什么成分？ When they are objects 1. When who is an object, it can be replaced by whom I dont know t

9、he teacher _ I saw in the computer room. The student _ you met at the school gate is from America. Relative pronoun Step 2： 在定语从句中充当什么成分？ When they are objects 2. We can leave out who, whom, that, which when they are objects. He liked the gift _ his friends gave him. The girl _ youve just seen is go

10、od at English. Have you found the keys _ you lost? Relative pronoun Step 2： 在定语从句中充当什么成分？ Step 1： 先行词是人还是物？ 主语主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 人人 who/that who/whom/ that whose 物物 which/that which/that whose 刚和你说话的人是李先生。 The person (whom/who/that) you talked to is Mr. Li. The person to whom you talked is Mr. Li. 这是一个我们争

11、论已久的话题。 This is a subject (which/that) we have argued about a lot. This is a subject about which we have argued a lot. Prep + Relative pronoun 1. 当介词在句末时：当介词在句末时： 2. 当介词在定语从句前时：当介词在定语从句前时： that, which(things); who, whom, that(people); or leave them out which (things); whom (people) Prep + Relative p

12、ronoun Prep + Relative pronoun 1. Gardening is a subject. I know very little about it. Gardening is a subject _I know very little about. Gardening is a subject _ _ I know very little. 2. Mr. Zhou is an experienced teacher. You can surely learn a lot from him. Mr. Zhou is an experienced teacher_ you

13、can surely learn a lot from. Mr. Zhou is an experienced teacher _ _ you can surely learn a lot. Prep + Relative pronoun Pay attention! *This is the pen _ Im looking for. This is the pen for which Im looking. Prep + Relative pronoun How to choose the preposition? Is that the newspaper _which you ofte

14、n contribute articles? Can you explain to me how to use these words _ which Im not sure. 1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founded. to about in 这个房间是我经常读书的地方。 This room is the place in which I often read. 你还记得我们毕业的那天吗? Do you still remember the day on which we graduated? 这是我父母早到家的原因。 This is t

15、he reason for which my parents got home earlier. Prep + Relative pronoun = where = when = why Relative words Relative pronoun Relative adverb Relative adverb I often think of the moment when I first saw her. after nouns related to time, like year, day, time, minute, moment The police searched the ho

16、use where the terrible accident happened. after nouns related to location, like place, country, factory, world, situation, case, point I wont listen to the reason why you didnt do your homework. only after the nounreason Whats the difference? This room is the place _I often read. This room is the pl

17、ace _I like most. in which/where which Whats the difference? 1)I remember the moment _ I first saw him after the operation. 2) Dorian, you changed my life as an artist from the moment _ I met you. when when 3) He said hed phone you the moment _ he got home. that / - 4) The last time _ we saw him was

18、 in his school. that / - Check answers: 1. Common interests provide rich ground which/that many friends grow from. Common interests provide rich ground from which many friendships grow. 2. Friendships grow best between friends whose communication is warm and open. 3. Friendships are like flowers whi

19、ch/that need to be taken good care of. 4. A relationship with a true friend (whom/that/who) you can count on will surely produce fruit. 5. To make friends, you should help others the way (in which /that) you have been helped. Special Antecedent: way There are many ways (in which/that) the company co

20、uld help the workers. The way (in which/that) these people look at the problem is wrong. The way_ was introduced by him surprised us all. which/that B2B2 which/that whose who/that (which/that) which whom/that/who who/that Guessing game It is a student who/that/whose It is a singer/actor/player who/t

21、hat/whose It is a movie/book that/which/whose It is an animal that/which/whose. It is a place where For all those times _ you stood by me For all the truth _ you made me see For all the joy _you brought to my life For all the wrong _ you made right For every dream _you made come true For all the lov

22、e _I found in you Ill be forever thankful baby Youre the one _ held me up Never let me fall Youre the one _ saw me through, through it all You were my strength _ I was weak You were my voice _ I couldnt speak You were my eyes _ I couldnt see You saw the best there was in me Lifted me up when I could

23、nt reach when (that/which) (that/which) (that/which) (that/which) (that/which) who who when when when 1.On the wall hung a picture _ color is blue. 2.I dont like the way_ you speak to her. 3.This is the scientist _ name is known all over the world. 4.The baby_ youre looking after is just two months

24、old. 5.They found the car _ was stolen last month. 6.He works better in a job_ intelligence matters more than experience. whose in which/ that/ whose who/whom/that/ which/that Use proper relative words to fill in the blanks: where This is the car _which I paid 100$. This is the car _which I spent 10

25、0$. This is the car _which I go to work every day. This is the car _ which I cant go to work. for on in without 介词+ +关系代词: : 介词的选择 This is the car _which the old man was knocked down. This is the car _which a boy threw a stone. This is the car _which we talked . This is the car _which the window was

26、 broken . by at about of 介词+ +关系代词: : 介词的选择 介词+ +关系代词: : 介词的选择 He will never forget the day _ he failed in the exam. I still remember the days_ we lived together. 1949 was the year _ which China was founded. on which in which This is the village _ I stayed last night. I will never forget the farm _I

27、 worked with you. in which on which in which 1. This is the family _ I was treated well. 2. Shanghai is the city _ I began my first job. This is the family _ helped me a lot. Shanghai is the city _ I first visited in China. Shanghai is the city _ attracts me. that/ which in which/ where in which/ wh

28、ere (that/ which) that/ which 关系代词 or 关系副词？ She wont forget the days _ she spent on the island. She wont forget the days _ they stayed together. Why dont you tell me the time _ the train leaves? I regret the time _ was wasted in playing computer games. (that ) when at which / when that/ which No one

29、 knows the reason _ the girl refused him. Can you tell me the reason _ you are late again? The reason _ was given after his being late was not acceptable. The reason _ he gave us sounds good enough. that/ which that/ which/ - for which/ why for which/ why 定语从句的主谓一致定语从句的主谓一致 1.Those _ _against the pl

30、an put up your hands. 2.Tom is one of the students _ _ praised by the teacher yesterday. 3.Tom is the only one of the students _ _ praised by the teacher yesterday. who are who were who was (1)Is this the museum _ you once visited? (2) Is this museum _ you once visited? (that / which) the one (that

31、/ which) (3) Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where B 定语从句定语从句中中的主语的主语 非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句 Non-relative clause Grammar 1.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 2. He has to work on Sundays, whi

32、ch he doesnt like. 3. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 4. Zhang Jike, whom everyone likes very much, is one of the best athletes in our class. 5. The play , whose style is informal, is popular with the young people. 7. They went to London, where they lived for six months. 8.

33、He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free. 非限制性定语从句中的关系词 指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, that which, that whose, of which where when why 关 系 代 词 关 系 副 词 主主 宾宾 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 意义上意义上 作用上作用上 不用逗号不用逗号 用逗号用逗号 去掉后句意不完整去掉后句意不完整 去掉后，句意完整去

34、掉后，句意完整 修饰限制修饰限制 只可修饰先行词只可修饰先行词 补充说明补充说明 可修饰先行词可修饰先行词或整个句子或整个句子 译为“译为“的”的” 可译为并列句可译为并列句 翻译时翻译时 关系词关系词 作宾语时可以省略作宾语时可以省略 不可省略且不能用不可省略且不能用 that , why 引导引导 These apple trees which I planted three years ago have not borne any fruit. (指代主句中的名词指代主句中的名词) She is an artist, which surprised me a lot. His mothe

35、r is ill, which makes him very sad. (指代整个句子指代整个句子) He will not wear clothes which make him different from others. He will not wear clothes, which will make him different from others. Whats the difference? The students, who walked to the top of the hill, saw the bird. The students who walked to the t

36、op of the hill saw the bird. Whats the difference? 名词名词/代词代词+of+which / whom” ” Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometers per second. Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you. She has three sons, _ were engineers. 非限制性定语从句 Some/several/a

37、few/ a little/many/more/most/the largest I picked up the apples, _ were bad. I picked up the apples. _ were bad. I picked up the apples and / but _ were bad. some of which Some of them some of them 1. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句. This is the most interesting story ( that ) I have ever heard. The f

38、irst meeting (that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 只用that不用which 2.先行词是 all, something, nothing, anything，everything, little, few，much, none , any, some 等不定代词时,只能用that. Here is something (that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters（闪烁）is gold. We havent got much (that) we can o

39、ffer you. 只用that不用which 3.先行词被 all ,every, no, few, little, much, the only, the very 等修饰，用that I have done all the work (that) he told me to do. The only thing (that) she could do was to go to the police for help. 只用that不用which 4.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictur

40、es (that) I saw. They talked about the teachers and schools (that) they had visited. 只用that不用which 5.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,先行词无论指人还是物， 关系词用that。 Tom isnt the boy that he was. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 只用that不用which 6.在there be结构中，当先行词指物时，关系词用that There is a book on the desk (that)

41、 Im very interested in. 只用that不用which 7.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that Which is the bike (that) you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 只用which不用that？ 只用that不用which Relative words Relative pronoun Relative adverb I never heard such stories as he told. Hell repeat such questions as

42、are discussed in the book. He is not the same man as he was. 关系代词：as 限制性定语从句中：先行词前有as, such，the same, so 修饰 suchas , the same as, soas, asas This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. . This is the same pen that I bought yesterday. Whats the difference? 同一同一个个 同同一类一类 This is such an interesting boo

43、k _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _ we all like it. This is so interesting a book _ we all like it. 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句) 这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句) as as that that Whats the difference? He is such a

44、nice boy _ everyone likes him. He is such a nice boy _ everyone likes. It is so difficult a problem _ nobody can work out. It is so difficult a problem _ nobody can work it out. that as that as Whats the difference? 关系代词：as 非限制性定语从句中常用： as is often the case (这是常有的事这是常有的事), as we expected(不出所料不出所料) ；

45、as we all know as I remember; as I understand; as often happens (正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样)； As everybody can see (正如大家所见）正如大家所见） as is known (众所周知众所周知); as is reported; as has been said before (正如以前所说正如以前所说); as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的) which引导的定语从句只能位于引导的定语从句只能位于_,而而as引导的引导的 定语从句可位于定语从句可位于_。

46、 _常译作“这”常译作“这”; 而而_常译作“正如”常译作“正如”, 且多与且多与see, expect, imagine, know, hope等动词连用等动词连用。 which as 区别在于： Whats the difference? 主句后面 as 主句后面或前面 which 1. I took some time off to go traveling, _turned out to be a wise decision. 2. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 4. _ is mentione

47、d above, paper is first made in China. 5. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others unhappy. 7. The result of the experiment was very good, _we expected. 8. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. exercise