2021版外研版选修三英语Unit 5 预习 新知早知道1 （教材讲解）（含答案）.doc

1、匹配词义 A.单词匹配 ( )1.architect An.知识/物理学等的前沿 ( )2.superb Bn.建筑师 ( )3.frontier Cadj.极好的，出色的 答案 13 BCA B.短语匹配 ( )1.take.for granted A的实例/范例/典例 ( )2.an example of B认为理所当然 ( )3.convert.into C对作出反应 ( )4.respond to D把转换成 答案 14 BADC .语境填空 superb，frontiers，architect 1The new building was built from the design o

2、f a famous architect 2The actor gave a superb performance last week. 3They are highly interested in the frontiers of science. .语法填空之派生词 1She studied architecture(architect)and art history at the university. 2The car is superbly(superb)engineered and a pleasure to drive. 3Space is the final frontier(

3、front)for us to explore. 1In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 事实上，我们已经习惯了它们，甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的，没有意识 到它们给了我们多少灵感。 2From Barcelonas forestlike Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijings Water Cube，nature is p

4、resented in various architectural designs. 从巴塞罗那的森林般的神圣家族大教堂到北京水立方的现代风格， 大自然在 各种建筑设计中都得到体现。 3Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. 它的屋顶收集雨水，并让其垂直流到空当中心，形成 35 米高的瀑布。 4The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heati

5、ng systems，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. 该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这座建筑消耗较少的能 源，使用成本较低。 5Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. 建造诸如此类的建筑能使我们在与环境更和谐的状况中生活。 名师圈点 be used to 习惯于 take.for granted 认为理所当然 pine cone 松果，松球 look like

6、 the tiles 看起来像瓦片 resemble an umbrella 像一把伞 in this way 这样；用这种方法 fascinating designs 迷人的设计 in architecture 在建筑中 Water Cube 水立方 in various architectural designs 在各种建筑设计中 architect n建筑师 continue to do.继续做某事 mimic v模仿 natural organisms 天然有机物 between art and science 艺术与科学之间 a lotus flower 一朵莲花 waterfron

7、t promenade 海滨步行道 the buildings plumbing system 建筑的管道系统 capture the beauty of natural forms 捕捉自然形态的美 a superb example of biomimicry 仿生学极好的典范 21(be)based on 基于 22a nature documentary 自然纪录片 23termite n白蚁 24move freely in and out 自由进出 25in a similar way 按同样的方式；同样地 26during the day 白天 27be drawn into 被吸

8、进 28traditional air conditioning and heating systems 传统空调和供暖系统 29cost less to run 使用成 本更低 30algae- powered building 藻类提供电的建筑 31be covered in panels 覆盖着面板 32be fed with 用喂养 33carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 34convert.into 将转化为 35be used to do. 被用于做某事 36respond to 对做出反应 37reduce damage to 减少对的破坏 38generate its ow

9、n renewable energy 生产自己的可再生能源 39 such as 像；例如 40live in closer harmony with our environment 与环境更和谐地生活 41meet the needs 满足需要 译文参考 Nature in Architecture Trees，plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted

10、 without realising how much inspiration they have given us.(1)When we look at a pine cone，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.(2)An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella(3).It is natural to think in this way， but of course it wasnt the umbrella th

11、at inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.(4) (1)句中 so.that.引导结果状语从句，其中 how 引导宾语从句。 (2)句中 when 引导时间状语从句，how 引导宾语从句。 (3)how 引导宾语从句。 (4)句中 but 连接表示转折关系的并列句，It wasnt.that.为强调句型。 Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us， including those in architecture.From

12、 Barcelonas forest- like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijings Water Cube，nature is presented in various architectural designs.Today， architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms，to mimic the way nature works(5)or even to make natural organisms part of a build

13、ing(6). (5)定语从句，先行词为 way，省略关系词 that。 (6)make 复合结构，宾补为 part of a building。 ArtScience Museum，Singapore People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science (7)will enjoy Singapores ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern

14、city environment in which it sits(8).Shaped to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it(9).Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled through the bui

15、lding s plumbing system.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms(10). (7)whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 people。 (8)in which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 environment。 (9)that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 water。 (10)that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 building。 The Eastgate Centre，Harare

16、 Harares Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on 21 natural forms and processes.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary 22 in which termites23 were constructing their nests(11)

17、.The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out 24 of the mounds.In a similar way25，the Eastgate Centre has a“skin”covered in holes.During the day 26，warm air is drawn into27 the building through the holes，cooling as it reaches the middle of the buil

18、ding(12).At night，the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air，creating a comfortable temperature inside.The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems 28 ，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run 29 . (11)while doing.作时间状语，in which

19、引导定语从句，修饰先行词 documentary。 (12)as 引导时间状语从句。 The Algae House，Hamburg The worlds first algae- powered building 30 is in Hamburg，Germany.The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels 31 that contain algae(13).The algae are fed with 32 liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide 33 to encourage them

20、 to grow.In bright sunshine，they grow faster and provide shade.The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into 34 energy that powers the building(14).And thats not all the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to 35 produce fuel.The building therefore not only responds to 3

21、6 its environment and uses less energy，but also reduces damage to 37 the environment by generating its own renewable energy 38. (13)that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 panels。 (14)that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 energy。 Creating buildings such as 39 these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment 40.To meet the nee

22、ds41 of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge，but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.(15) (15)句中 but 连接表示转折关系的并列句， 第一个分句中不定式短语 To meet the needs of today 为主语，while protecting the world of tomorrow 为时间状语。 译文参考 建筑中的自然美 树，植物和鲜花都在我们身边，每天我们都欣赏它们的美。

23、事实上，我们已 经习惯了它们， 甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的， 没有意识到它们给了我们多少 灵感。当我们看到一个松果，我们可能会认为它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片。一 朵开着的花可能会让我们觉得它和雨伞是多么的相似。 以这种方式思考是很自然 的，但当然不是雨伞启发了花朵，也不是屋顶启发了松果。 大自然启发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计。从巴塞罗那的森 林般的神圣家族大教堂到北京水立方的现代风格， 大自然在各种建筑设计中都得 到体现。今天，建筑师继续探索如何捕捉自然形态之美，模仿自然的运行方式， 甚至使天然有机物成为建筑的一部分。 新加坡滨海湾金沙艺术科学博物馆 对探索艺术与科学之间的关系

24、感兴趣的人可以欣赏新加坡的金沙艺术科学 博物馆。该建筑物旨在展示自然和建筑物所在的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的 形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨步行道和周围的水面上。它的屋顶收集雨水，并让 其垂直流到空当中心，形成 35 米高的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环 使用。游客常常惊奇地发现，他们置身于一座城市建筑中，却非常真实地捕捉到 了自然形态的美。 哈拉雷，东门中心 哈拉雷的东门中心是仿生学极好的典范。 利用生物模拟技术是在自然形态和 进程的基础上创造结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克 皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自 然纪录片时受到启发，并创造了这个建筑。这些白蚁在土丘上留有小洞，让空气 自由进出。同样地，

25、东门中心的“皮肤”上也布满了洞。白天，温暖的空气通过 这些洞被吸进建筑物，当它到达建筑物中间时就会冷却。晚上，白天墙壁吸收的 热量会使室内的冷空气变暖，创造舒适的温度。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖 系统的需求，因此这座建筑消耗较少的能源，使用成本较低。 汉堡，藻类之家 世界上第一座以藻类提供电的建筑位于德国汉堡。 公寓楼的表面覆盖着含有 藻类的面板。藻类以液态营养和二氧化碳为养料，以促进它们的生长。在明亮的 阳光下，它们长得更快，提供阴凉。太阳能面板还能从太阳中获取热量，并将其 转化为提供给建筑物的能量。 这还不是全部电池板内的藻类可以被收集并用 于生产燃料。因此，该建筑不仅能对环境作出反应，减少能源消耗，而且还能通 过生产自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。 建造诸如此类的建筑能使我们在与环境更和谐的状况中生活。 在保护明天的 世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战， 但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮 助我们实现这一点。