2021版外研版必修二英语Unit6 Earth first单元考点解析.doc

1、Unit6 Earth first 单元考点解析单元考点解析 【核心词汇短语】【核心词汇短语】 1 adopt v. 采取(某种方法)；采纳(意见，议案)； 收养(P65) 归纳 拓展 (1)adopt an idea/a plan 采纳意见/计划 adopt an approach/attitude 采取一种方法/态度 adopt a child 收养一个孩子 (2)adopted adj. 收养的，领养的 adoption n. 采纳；采用；收养 Theyve been forced to adopt stricter rules. 他们被迫采取了更为严厉的规定。 Mr Kern adop

2、ted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那个孤儿收养为自己的儿子。 We will encourage a wider adoption of this method. 我们将鼓励更广泛地采用这种方法。 名师点津 adopt 与 adapt 属形近词，在书写时注意区别。adapt 意为“使适应；改写，改编”。常见搭配：adapt to “适应”；adapt oneself to “使自己适应”。 2 affect v. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(P65) 归纳 拓展 (1)be affected by 被打动； 被(疾病)侵袭 be affected by

3、heat/cold 中暑/着凉 be affected with high fever 发高烧 (2)affecting adj. 深深打动人的；感动人的 affected adj. 做作的；假装的 affection n. 喜爱，喜欢 The south of the country was worst affected_by the drought. 该国南方受旱灾影响最严重。 Be careful not to be_affected_with/by Ebola virus when abroad. 在国外时，当心不要感染埃博拉病毒。 It is very affecting to se

4、e how much strangers can care for each other. 看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照，实在令人感动。 She showed an affected interest in our subject. 她假装对我们的课题感兴趣。 He has great affection for his dog. 他十分喜爱他的狗。 3 amount n. 数量，数额 vi. 合计；总计(P68) 归纳 拓展 (1)a large amount of不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 large amounts of不可数名词，谓语动词用复数 no amount of 即使再大(或再多

5、)的(也不) any amount of 无数的，大量的 (2)amount to 合计；等于 A_large_amount_of money was spent on the new building. Large_amounts_of money were spent on the new building. 建这座新大楼花了很多钱。 The total cost of repairs amounted_to $100. 修理费用总计达 100 美元。 4 attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一 般)看法，态度(P64) 归纳 拓展 (1)attitude to/towa

6、rds 对的态度(其中 to、 towards 为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语)； (2)询问“对的态度”时常用疑问词 what。 He has a positive attitude_to/towards life. 他对生活持有积极的态度。 What is your attitude_to/towards this idea? 你对这种想法持什么态度？ 5 average adj. 平均(数)的 n. 平均水平，一般水 准(P72) 归纳 拓展 on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说 below average 在平均水平之下，低于平均水平 above (the) aver

7、age 在平均水平以上，高于平均 水平 On_(the/an)_average,_there are 3,000 visitors to the museum every day. 平均每天有 3,000 名游客参观博物馆。 Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above_the_average. 去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均水平高出 0.68 摄氏度。 Temperatures are below_average for the time of year. 对一年中的这个时

8、候来说，气温低于平均温度。 6 take . into account 把考虑进去(P69) 归纳 拓展 (1)take . into accounttake account of 考虑 到，把考虑在内 (2)account n. 叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户 v. 说明；解释；占(一定数量或比例)；认为是 give an account of 对进行描述 on account of 因为，由于 on no account 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装) account for 解释，说明；(数量/比例上)占 When judging his performance, we should t

9、ake his age into_account. 评价他的表演时，我们应该把他的年龄考虑在内。 The policeman gave_an_account_of the traffic accident. 警察叙述了交通事故的经过。 Innocent people get into trouble on_account_of others misfortune. 城门失火，殃及池鱼。 On_no_account should we give up the plan. 我们决不放弃这个计划。 The women teachers account_for 30% of all the staff

10、 in our school. 女教师占我们全校职工的 30%。 7 concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的；关注的，关切 的(P71) 归纳 (1)be concerned about/for 担心，关心 拓展 be concerned with sth. 与某事有牵连 as far as Im concerned 就我而言，依我看 (2)concern n U 担心；关切 C 关心的人 (或)事 vt. 涉及，参与；(使)担忧 show/express ones concern for/about . 对表 示关心/担心 (3)concerning prep. 关于；有关 Im_co

11、ncerned_about the future of wildlife in Africa. 我很担心非洲野生动物的未来。 I am not concerned_with that matter any longer. 我和那件事情不再有牵连了。 As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_he is the right man for this job. 我认为他是做这份工作的合适人选。 He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。 名师点津 concerned 用作

12、前置定语时，表示“焦急的”“担忧的”； 用作后置定语时，表示“有关的”“有牵连的”。 8 contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)；捐赠，捐 献；(为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿(P72) 归纳 拓展 (1)contribute . to . 把捐献给 contribute to 为做出贡献；有助于，增进； 导致；给投稿 (2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿 make contributions to 对做出贡献 More and more people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the home

13、less people. 越来越多的人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。 His visit contributed_to a better understanding between the two countries. 他的访问有助于增进两国之间的了解。 Yuan Longping made_great_contributions_to the development of agriculture. 袁隆平为农业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。 9 damage v. 破损，损害，损伤 n. 损坏；损失 (P65) 归纳 拓展 do/cause damage to 对造成破坏 The house

14、whose roof was_damaged has now been repaired. 房顶损坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。 The heavy rain did/caused_much_damage_to the crops. 这场大雨对农作物造成很大的损害。 名师点津 damage 既可作动词又可作名词。作名词时，其常用 结构为：do damage to。类似结构还有：do harm to “对有害”；do good to “对有好处”。 10 devote v. 致力，献身，倾注(P65) 归纳 拓展 (1)devote . to . 把致力于，专心 于(to 为介词) devote

15、oneself to 献身于；致力于 (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的 be devoted to 致力于；献身于；热爱 (3)devotion n奉献；关照；忠诚 Every time I see him, he always devotes_himself_to his work. Every time I see him, he is always devoted_to his work. 每次我见到他的时候，他都在全身心地工作。 As a soldier, he showed selfless devotion to duty. 作为战士，他表现出了对其天职的无私

16、奉献。 11 due to 由于，因为(P62) 归纳 拓展 due adj. 预期的；预计的；到期的；应给的 be due to do . 预期做；预定要做某事 (be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人 The flight was put off due_to the heavy fog. 这架班机因大雾延误。 The professor is_due_to_make a speech this Friday. 教授预期在本周五发表演讲。 Any money that is_due_to_you will be paid before the end of the month

17、. 欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。 名师点津 表示“因为； 由于”的短语还有： because of， owing to， thanks to， as a result of， as a/in consequence of， on account of。 12 fortunately adv. 幸运地(P63) 归纳 拓展 (1)fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的 be fortunate to do/(in) doing . 做很幸运 It is fortunate (for sb.) to do/that . (对某人来说) 做是幸运的。 (2)fortune n. 运气，命

18、运；财富，财产 make a fortune 发财，赚钱 (3)unfortunate adj. 不幸的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 Fortunately,_the rain stopped before we started. 幸运的是，在我们动身前雨停了。 We are_fortunate_to_live/(in)_living in such a peaceful country. 我们生活在这么和平的国家里真幸运。 It_was_fortunate_that nobody was hurt in the accident. 幸运的是事故中没有人受伤。 He went

19、 to Beijing and soon made_a_big_fortune. 他去了北京，不久便发了大财。 名师点津 fortune 作“机会，运气”讲时为不可数名词，作“财产” 讲时为可数名词。 13 permission n. 允许，许可(P67) 归纳 拓展 (1)ask/request/apply for permission 请求许可 without permission/with ones permission 未 经允许/在某人许可的情况下 (2)permit v. 许可，允许，准许 n. 通行证； 许可证 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb.

20、 to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Without_permission,_no one could enter the lab. 未经许可，任何人不得进入实验室。 The teacher doesnt permit_talking in his class. 这位老师不允许在他的课堂上说话。 The guards permitted_me_to_bring my camera and tape recorder. 守卫允许我带上相机和录音机。 14 presentation n. 报告，(观点的)陈述，说明(P65) 归纳 拓展 present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；

21、 赠送，颁发 adj. 出席的，在场的(后置定语)； 现在的 (前置定语) n. 礼物；目前 present sth. to sb. 向某人提出/陈述某事；把某物 赠送/颁发给某人 present sb. with sth. 向某人颁发/赠送某物；把某 物呈现给某人 be present at 出席 at presentat the present time 目前，现在 for the present/moment 暂时，就目前来说 The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products. 营销经理将对新产品进行介绍。 On

22、 Teachers Day, my students presented me with some flowers. On Teachers Day, my students presented some flowers to me. 教师节那一天，我的学生送给我一些花。 How many people were_present_at the meeting yesterday? 昨天出席会议的有多少人？ At_present,_more and more people are living a happy life. 现在，越来越多的人正过着幸福的生活。 Ive got enough mon

23、ey for_the_present,_but I must go to the bank tomorrow. 我的钱暂时还够用，但我明天必须去银行。 语境串记 The boss was not satisfied with the present plan, so he asked the engineers who were_present_at the meeting to present a new one in a day. 老板对当前的计划不满意， 所以他要求出席会议的工程师们在一 天之内提出一个新的计划。 15 reduce v. 减少，降低(P66) 归纳 拓展 (1)redu

24、ce . to . 把减少到 reduce . by . 把减少了 reduce . from . to . 把从减少 到 be reduced to . 沦落为； 陷入某种状 态 (2)reduction n. 减少，缩小，降低 Though the price of the house has been reduced_by 10%, we cant afford it either. 尽管这套房子价格下降了 10%，我们还是买不起。 The mistakes in the article have been reduced_from seven to zero. 这篇文章中的错误已经从七

25、处减少到零处。 Without practice, hopes will be_reduced_to zero. 没有实践，希望会化为乌有。 16 remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉；脱去；摘下；开除， 解除(职务)(P69) 归纳 拓展 remove . from . 把从移开 remove from . to . 从搬迁到 remove sb. from school/office/ones position 开除/免 职 remove ones clothes 脱下某人的衣服 remove ones doubt 消除某人的疑惑 The student removed his jacke

26、t and began to remove the ink in it. 那个学生脱掉夹克，开始除去上面的墨水。 The company has_removed_from London to Oxford. 这家公司已经从伦敦搬迁到牛津。 Teenagers shouldnt be_removed_from_school although they dont do well in studies. 即使青少年们在学业上做得不好，也不应该被学校开除。 易混辨析 remove, move 相同 之处 两词都有“移动，搬动”之意，表示“迁居，搬家”时二者均 可 区别 remove 强调完全放弃原来物

27、体所处的位置而到达新的地 点，remove 还可以表示“开除、消除、除去”等意思； move 强调“移动、搬动”，指事物位置和姿态的改变 形象 记忆 17 reserve n. (野生生物)保护区；储备 vt. 保留； 储备；预约，预订(P65) 归纳 拓展 (1)reserve sth. for sb. 为某人预留某物 reserve a room/table/seat 预订房间/桌子/座位 reserve the right to do sth. 保留做某事的权利 (2)keep sth. in reserve 保存某物以备用 (3)reservation n. 预约，预订；保留 with

28、out reservation 毫无保留地 make a reservation 预约 Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock. 我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。 We decided to reserve_the_right_to pursue legal action. 我们决定保留采取法律行动的权利。 We always keep some money in_reserve,_just in case. 我们总是存些钱备用，以防万一。 They have accepted my advice without_reserv

29、ation. 他们毫无保留地接受了我的建议。 Id like to make_a_reservation for two nights for my family and myself. 我想给自己和我的家人预订房间住两夜。 语境串记 My village is close to a nature_reserve. Some of my friends will come to visit it. So I will come to the hotel to reserve some rooms for them. 我的村子离自然保护区很近。我的一些朋友会来参观它。所以我要去 旅馆为他们预订一

30、些房间。 18 scare v. 使(某人)惊恐，吓唬(P62) 归纳 拓展 (1)scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑 (2)scared adj. 惊恐的，害怕的 be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕；对感到惊恐 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 be scared to death 吓死；吓得要死 (3)scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的，引起恐慌的 She tries to scare the child into_behaving well. 她试图吓唬那孩子让其

31、守规矩。 To scare the birds away,_I made a scarecrow man. 为了吓跑鸟儿，我做了一个稻草人。 The little girl is_scared_of going across the bridge because she is_scared_to fall into the river. 小女孩不敢过桥，因为她害怕掉进河里。 I was_scared_to_death when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark. 当我看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时，我怕得要死。 19 su

32、pply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)；供 应(量)； 补给 (pl.) 补给品 v. 供应； 供给(P65) 归纳 拓展 provide/supply/offer 在表示“提供某人某物”时的 区别： supply sb./sth. with sth.supply sth. to sb./sth. provide sb. with sth.provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb. We supplied the hungry children with food. We supplied food to the hung

33、ry children. We provided the hungry children with food. We provided food for the hungry children. We offered the hungry children food. We offered food to the hungry children. 我们为饥饿的孩子们提供了食物。 20 target v. 把作为目标；把对准(某群体) n. 靶，靶子；目标，指标；(攻击的)目标，对象 (P63) 归纳 拓展 (1)target sb./sth. 把作为目标 be targeted at 针对，以

34、为目标 (2)hit/miss the target 中/脱靶 a target for all 众矢之的 meet/achieve a target 完成/达到目标 The company has_targeted adults as its primary customers. 这家公司将成年人作为其主要的目标客户。 This course is mainly targeted_at English beginners. 这门课主要针对英语初学者。 The boy hit_the_target with his first dart. 那男孩第一镖就击中了目标。 21 urge v. 竭力

35、主张，强烈要求，敦促 n. 强烈的 欲望；冲动；迫切的要求(P71) 归纳 拓展 (1)urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事，敦促某人 做某事 urge that . 敦促/力劝(从句用虚拟语气，即 从句谓语用“should动词原形”，should 可省略) (2)have all urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动 (3)urgency n U 紧急，紧迫 urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 He urged his parents to_approve_of his marriage. 他强烈要求父母同意他的婚事。 I urge_that you (

36、should)_be_accustomed_to acquiring knowledge from the Internet as soon as possible. 我劝你尽快习惯从互联网上获取知识。 They have_a_strong_urge_to_learn to read and write. 他们迫切地要求学习读写。 【核心句型】【核心句型】 1 Fortunately, not_everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharkssome became interested in understanding the

37、m. 幸运的是，不是每个看过电影大白 鲨的人都害怕鲨鱼，有些人变得对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。(P63) 剖析 本句中 not everyone 是部分否定，意为“不是每个人”。 归纳 拓展 (1)英语中的 all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、 形容词和 副词与否定词 not 连用，无论 not 位置如何，均构成部分否 定，表示“并非都”的意思。 (2)若表示完全否定，可借助于 no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, ne

38、ver 等。 I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything. 我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。 Both of the two math problems are not very difficult. Not_both of the two math problems are very difficult. 这两道数学题并非都很难。 None of us knows how to face the problem. 我们中没有人知道该如何去面对这个问题。 2 But its_worth

39、_checking common ideas and opinions to see whats really green. 但值得审查 一下常见的想法和观点，看看什么是真正环保 的。(P69) 剖析 本句中 is worth checking 为“be worth doing”结 构，意为“值得做”，其中动名词的主动形式表示 被动意义。 worth 为表语形容词， 常用 well 修饰。 归纳 拓展 (1)be worth n. 值得 doing 值得被做 (2)be worthy of n of being done 值得做 (3)It is worthwhile to do/doing

40、sth. 值得做 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 The matter is_worth_consideration/considering. The matter is_worthy_of_consideration/being_considered. The matter is_worthy_to_be_considered. It_is_worthwhile_considering/to_consider the matter. 这件事情值得考虑。 语境串记 Li Bai was a great poet

41、in the history. His poems are_worth_reading. Even many foreigners come to study his poems. They think the famous poems are_worthy_of_being_studied_and_appreciated. In their eyes, it is_worthwhile_to_put much energy into it. 李白是历史上一位伟大的诗人。他的诗值得一读。甚至有许多外 国人来研究他的诗歌。他们认为这些名诗值得研究和欣赏。在他们眼 里，这值得投入大量精力。 3 H

42、owever, making a paper bag uses four_times_as_much_energy_as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而， 制作纸袋所消耗的能源是塑料袋的 四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。(P68) 剖析 本句中 four times as much energy as 是倍数表达 的常用形式， 其结构为： . 倍数as many/much n.as . 归纳 拓展 常见的倍数句型： (1) . 倍数asadj./adv. 原级as . (2) . 倍数adj.

43、/adv. 比较级than . (3) . 倍数性质名词(the size/length/height/depth/width)of . This room is three_times_as_big_as that one. This room is three_times_bigger_than that one. This room is three_times_the_size_of that one. 这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。 名师点津 表示“两倍”时，用 twice 或 double，三倍或三倍以上 则用“基数词times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数、百分数、 half 等其他程度状语。