2021版外研版必修一英语Unit 2 Exploring English Using Language 学案.docx

1、Unit 2 Exploring English 电子学案 Using Language （语法：构词法） （一）（一）转化法 Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the way round. When we calm somebody down, they become calm. And we can give someone a present by presenting it. ( Using Language, P17) 转化法（转化法（conversion）在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形 不

2、变的方法叫做转化法。通常会有动词转化为名词、名词转化为动词、形容词转化为动词、 形容词转化为名词等，还有一些个别词在一定场合中转化为名词。 【新外研必修一【新外研必修一 U2 构词转化法构词转化法 巩固】巩固】 单词单词 释义释义 contact | knt kt n. 接触； 联系 v. 接触； 联系 comment | kment n. 注释；评论 v. 注释； 评论；注释； 评论 flat fl t n. 平面， 平坦部分； 泄了气的轮胎； 一层； 公寓大楼； 公寓房间 adj. 平的，平坦的；泄了气的 adv. 平直地 【慧眼识词】 请分析下列词性发生变化的一些词并翻译句子。 1. L

3、et me have a try. 2. They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 3. He shouldered his way through the crowd. 4. The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 5. We will try our best to better our living conditions. 6. They tried to perfect the working conditions. 7. He didnt know the dif

4、ference between right and wrong. 8. The old in our village are living a happy life. 9. Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 10. Life is full of ups and downs. 11. His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 附：中文翻译 1. 让我试试。 2. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。 3. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。 4. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。 5. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活

5、状况。 6. 他们努力改善工作条件。 7. 他不辨是非。 8. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 9. 穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 10. 人生有得意时也有失意时。 11. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。 （二）合成法（composition） Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, penfriend (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen and well-known (known b

6、y many people). 合成法（composition），由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法 叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一 起，也可以用连词符号连接。通常有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词、合成代 词、合成介词等。 【新外研必修一【新外研必修一 U2 构词法构词法-合成词合成词 巩固】巩固】 单词 中文释义中文释义 eggplant 茄子 pineapple 菠萝 seasick 晕船的 airsick 晕机的 carsick 晕车的 homesick 想家的 highway 公路 motorway

7、 高速公路 downtown 在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的 downstairs 在楼下 【慧眼识词】 猜一猜如下词都是什么意思，它们是如何合成的？ 1. 合成名词合成名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf typewriter pickpocket daybreak greenhouse highway overcoat outside handwriting reading-room freezing-point breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome sister-in-law editor-in-chief 2. 合

8、成形容词合成形容词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term over-anxious evergreen man-made sun-burnt peace-loving English-speaking good-looking easy-going well-informed widespread hardworking far-reaching warm-hearted absent-minded three-legged ten-storied one-way fivestar ten-year-old 800-meter-long f

9、ace to-face door - to -door 3. 合成动词合成动词 baby-sit sleepwalk outnumber underestimate overwork whitewash 4. 合成副词合成副词 meanwhile anyway everywhere anyhow however beforehand overhead forever 5. 合成代词合成代词 herself themselves myself yourselves anything nothing 6. 合成介词合成介词 inside outside without within （三）派生法

10、Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meaning. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isnt correct, it is incorrect and if someone isnt happy theyre unhappy. Words with the suffixes - ment and - ness are often nouns. For example, if someb

11、ody has improved a lot, they have made great improvement. 派生法： 由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派 生法。 【新外研必修一 U2 构词法-派生法 巩固】 单词 中文释义 同根词 sculpture 雕塑作品，雕像 sculpt creativity 创造力，创造性 creative, creation unfamiliar 不熟悉的，不了解的 familiar organization 组织，团体，机构 organize likely 可能的，可能发生的 like, dislike, unlike

12、entrance 大门口，入口处 enter actually 事实上，实际上 actual misadventure 事故，灾难 adventure 【派生词拓展】【派生词拓展】 1. 前缀前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。 （1）表示否定意义的前缀 un- unhappy unfinished undress dis- disagree disbelieve inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular mis- misbehave mislead mistake non-nonstop nonsmoker （

13、2）表示其他意义的前缀 en- “使” enrich enlarge encourage inter-“相互” international intercontinental re- “再，又，重” rethink retell recycle tele- “远程的” telescope telephone telegraph auto- “自动的” automatic automobile co- “共同” cooperate coexist anti- “反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear multi- “多” multicultural multic

14、oloured bi- “双，二” bilingual bilateral micro- “极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer over- “太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimate self- “自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control under- “在下面，下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate 2. 后缀后缀 （1）形容词后缀 -able “可的，具有的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeab

15、le reasonable -al “与有关的” physical, magical, political -ful/ less “（没）有的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless -ive “有倾向的” active attractive expensive -ous “有（性质）的” famous, dangerous, poisonous -ly “有性质的” friendly yearly daily -y “构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy （2）名词后缀 -er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visit

16、or, professor, cooker, container -ese “某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese -ian “某国、某地人；精通的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician -ist “某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist -ess “表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess -ment “行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement -ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness,

17、carelessness -tion “动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation -ance/ ence “抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence -th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth -ful “（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful -(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability -al “过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval -y “性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty -dom “处于状态；性质” freedom, boredom （3）动词后缀 -fy / ify “使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify -en “使成为；变得” shorten, deepen -ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize （4）副词后缀 -ly “方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily ward(s) “向” towards, forward, upwards