2021版外研版选修四英语Unit3 Sea Exploration单元语法-不定式 ppt课件.ppt

1、教选修第四册教选修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration Grammar： 动词不定式动词不定式 一、动词不定式的时态与语态一、动词不定式的时态与语态 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生 在谓语动作之后 完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 主动语态 被动语态 意义 进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作 正在进行 完成进 行时 to have been doing 表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前并且一直在进行 *I

2、plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生, 且meeting与hold之 间为被动关系) *They are said to be studying psychology. 据说他们正在研究心理学。(be said与study同时发生) *Im very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. 让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry之前) *No harm seems to have

3、been done. 似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前, 且harm与do之间是被动关系) *She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years. 大家知道她 处理这类难题已经有很多年了。 不定式的“被动”与“否定”不定式的“被动”与“否定” (1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。 *Its a great honor to be invited to Marys birthday party. 被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。 (2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词n

4、ot或never置于不定式之前, 即构成not to do 或never to do 这样的形式。 *They took a vote and decided not to do it. 他们进行了表决, 决定放弃。 *How many times has your mother told you never to talk to strangers? 你母亲告诉你多少次了, 绝不能和陌生人谈话? 语法填空 (1)The world will be different, and we will have to _(prepare)to adapt to the change. (2)She p

5、retended to _(sleep)when her mother came in. (3)He is said to _(work)in this factory for more than twenty years. be prepared be sleeping have been working 二、动词不定式的句法功能二、动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语, 表 示比较具体的意义。 1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语多表示将来特定的某一次动作。 *To blame the worker will not make up

6、 for the loss. 责备那个工人弥补不了损失。 *(2018 天津高考)It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。 不定式短语作主语时, 为了保持句子平衡, 往往用it作形式主语, 而把不定式短 语置于谓语动词之后。 若要说明不定式的动作的执行者, 可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n. /pron. ” 结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用for sb. ; 当形容词表达人所具有的特征或 品质时用of sb. , 这样

7、的形容词有careful, cruel, foolish, brave, good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice, stupid, wise, wrong等。 *It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 *It is important for us to live a low-carbon life. 过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 【即学活用】语法填空 (1)It is common _(find) this type of poetry, calligraphy art, h

8、anging in peoples homes. (2)If you live in a cold climate, it will be important _(know) your dogs limits and how you can keep it safe and warm. (3)It is an honor for me _(invite) to attend the meeting. to find to know to be invited 2. 不定式作表语不定式作表语 不定式作表语主要有三种情况, 一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动

9、词 之后的不定式(尤其是to be); 二是像My job is to sweep the floor. (我的工作就是 擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形; 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命 令、可能性、命运等。 *He seems to be ill. 他似乎生病了。 *Her wish is to be a teacher. 她的愿望就是当一名教师。 *We are to meet at the station at three. 我们约定3点钟在车站见面。 【即学活用】语法填空 (1)It is important to remember when youre trying to g

10、et along with people who are very difficult or seem _(ignore) you, everyone is just doing the best that they can. (2)He is childrens books editor, whose job is _(sort)through thousands of new titles published each year and select the very best ones in The Times. (3)The goal of this activity is _(mee

11、t) the needs of common people. to be ignoring to sort to meet 3. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 (1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀: 决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend 主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help *We agreed to meet at the scho

12、ol gate. 我们一致同意在校门口见面。 (2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后, 常用it作形式宾语, 然后加宾语补足语, 最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 *We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 语法填空 (1)He pretended _(read) the text when I came in. (2)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refu

13、sed _(stop) until we reached the next stop. (3)I think it necessary _(send) for an expert. (4)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. to be reading to stop to send to prove 4. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 (1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语, 如ask

14、, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。 *Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。 (2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 表示动作的全过程。 一感 (feel), 二听(hear, listen to), 三使(let, have, make), 五看 (see, notice, obser

15、ve, watch, look at), 半帮助 (help), 动词不定式作help宾语补足语时, 既可带to, 也可 不带to。 *Nobody saw him come in. (主动语态) 没人看见他进来。 以上单词, 当其所在句子改为被动句时, 动词不定式符号“to”必须保留。例如: *The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。 语法填空 (1)What caused him _(change) his mind? (2)He didnt allow the students _(go) there. (3

16、)The teacher got some students _(stay) in the classroom after school. (4)He was made _(work) day and night. to change to go to stay to work 5. 不定式作定语不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。 *I wanted to come to your birthday party, but I had a project to finish then. (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。 如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词, 或者不定式所修饰的

17、名词或代词是不定式 动作的地点、工具等, 不定式后需要加相应的介词。 *I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔写字。 (3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词, 且与中心 词为逻辑上的主动关系。 *He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总 是第一个到校, 最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时, 常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有: ability, chance, idea, hope, wish

18、, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。 *The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与 观点本身同等重要。 不定式作定语时, 若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者, 则用主动形式表被动含义; 若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者, 则用被动形式表被动含义。 *She has a sister to look after. 她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是look after的执行者) 语法填空 (1)The best way _(set) yourself up

19、 for success is to make sure that your goals are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely. (2)Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (3)Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _(stay) away.

20、 (4)Volunteering gives you a chance _(change) lives, including your own. to set to be made to stay to change 6. 不定式作状语不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。表示“为了”, 可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目 的性, 不定式前也可加in order或so as, 但so as to不能置于句首。 *To/In order to increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory v

21、olunteer programs. 为了提高社区服务水平, 一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。 (2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果, 有时前面加only, 以 加强语气。常用于下列结构中: only to do 表示意想不到的结果 enough to do足够做 too. . . to do太而不能 so/such. . . as to. . . 如此以至于 *Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出 租车去了机场, 结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。

22、 *He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 (3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原 因状语, 用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因, 常用于这类结构的形容词有 sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。 *Maggie was glad to be home in her own bed. 玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上, 觉得非常高兴。 *Im delighted to he

23、ar that you are keen on Chinese traditional culture. 我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。 语法填空 (1) _(liberate) our country, they devoted their lives. (2) _(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (3)Mary rushed home immediately she heard the news, only _(fin

24、d) that her husband was gone. (4)You will never know how happy I was _(see) her yesterday. To liberate To learn to find to see 单句语法填空单句语法填空 1. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford _(purchase) a book. 2. A housewarming party is a special party _(hold) when someone bu

25、ys or moves into a new apartment or house. 3There will still be lots of challenges if we are _ (classify) garbage in a short time. to purchase to be held to classify 4. _(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 5. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to st

26、art working, and thats plenty of time for your skin _(absorb) a days worth of Vitamin D. 6. Its everyones responsibility _(make) good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life. To help to absorb to make 7. If successful, Wen Xu, 32, will be the first person _(cross)Antarctic

27、a alone from the shore Berkner Island, according to the event organizer. 8. They have been in the room listening to explanations when things seem _ _ (go) wrong. 9. Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all they could _ (cheer) him up. 10. I was watching the clock all through the me

28、eting, as I had a train _ (catch). to cross to have gone to cheer to catch 用不定式完成句子用不定式完成句子 1. Chinese researchers _to find and study areas of the South Pole Aitken basin. 中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。 2. I _but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying it. 我当时什么都不想吃, 但是那个冰激凌看上去太诱人了

29、以至于我禁不住品尝了 它。 hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 didnt mean to eat anything 3. The best way _is to depend on yourself. 解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。 4. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ _ 过中秋节的时候, 家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。 5. It is a great pleasure for me _with you t

30、hese days. 我很高兴这段时间和你一起共事。 to solve the problem to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. to have been working 6. I _before the end of this term. 这个学期结束前, 我要做很多阅读练习。 7. Helen borrowed my book the other day, _ 海伦在几天前借了我的书, 答应我会马上还给我。 have a lot of readings to complete promising to return

31、 it soon. 8. Although parents _, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with lifes difficulties. 尽管父母似乎给他们的儿子和女儿们提供了很好的建议, 但他们的孩子们在处 理生活中遇到的困难时, 却很难成为好的榜样。 seem to be giving good advice to their sons and daughters 9. Police _ 警方敦促任何看到事故的人立即与他们联系。 10. Th

32、e queen bee _in the comb built by the diligent worker bees. 蜂王似乎在勤劳的工蜂建造的蜂巢里得到了很好的护理。 are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately. appears to be nursed well 使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段 The scientists 1. _(决定探索) the deep ocean in order to find out what exists at the floor of the sea. Th

33、eir first step 2. _(实施 这项计划) is 3. _(派一台深水机器) designed specially for the research. 4. _(由科学 家们远程控制的机器) at the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg. decided to explore to carry out the plan to send a deepwater machine The machine to be controlled remotely by scientists They will watch the machi

34、ne 5. _(潜入大海深处). 6. _ _(进行这样的研究) is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months. dive deep into the sea To conduct such a research 1. The new phone is very easy _(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 2. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolat

35、e easier _(break) into small pieces. 3. It can be disheartening to spend a lot of time preparing a meal only _(find) your kids turning their nose up at it. 4. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _(save) their valuable time. to operate to break to find to save 完成句

36、子 1. _ _, youd better keep this card at hand. 为了更容易与我们取得联系, 你最好把这张卡片放在手边。 2. I remember I told my mom more than once that I hoped _ _. 我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。 To make it easier to get in touch with us/To get in touch with us more easily to pursue an acting career in the future 3. The old man sits

37、in front of the television every evening, happy _ _. 老人每天晚上坐在电视机前, 高兴地看电视上碰巧播放的任何内容。 4. The airport _will help promote tourism in this area. 明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业发展。 to watch anything that happened to be on to be completed next year 5. I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted

38、man, _ _. 如果你能让加尔文, 一个吝啬的男人, 从你那里买这些捐款抽奖票, 我会很惊讶。 6. He has a heart trouble and _. 他有心脏病, 医生发现很难治疗。 to buy these donation draw tickets from you the doctor finds it difficult to treat 7. _, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的方便, 很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。 8. The man opened his eyes, _. 那

39、人睁开眼睛, 却发现房间里只剩下他一个人。 9. They lived a hard life and _for over 10 hours a day. 他们生活很艰苦, 经常被迫在一天内工作十个多小时。 To enjoy the convenience of digital payment only to find himself left alone in the room were often made to work 10. I wanted to travel to America instead of France, but _ _. 我想要去美国旅行, 代替之前的法国, 但是他劝我不要改变我的主意。 he persuaded me not to change my mind