2021新版人教版选修一英语第一单元词汇学习 ppt课件（含教案）.zip

人教版(2019)新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit One PeopleofAchievement WordsandExpressions 屠呦呦 屠呦呦 1.physiologyfzildi: n.生理学;生理机能 Physiologyisthestudyofhowliving thingswork. 生理学是研究生物功能的学科。 sweetwormwood sweetwormwood 2.artemisinin,tmi:snn: n.(药)青蒿素 青蒿素是治疗疟疾耐药性效果最好的药物，以青蒿 素类药物为主的联合疗法，也是当下治疗疟疾的最 有效最重要手段。但是近年来随着研究的深入，青 蒿素其它作用也越来越多被发现和应用研究，如抗 肿瘤、治疗肺动脉高压、抗糖尿病、胚胎毒性、抗 真菌、免疫调节、抗病毒、抗炎、抗肺纤维化、 抗菌、心血管作用等多种药理作用。 2015年10月，屠呦呦因创制新型抗疟药青蒿素和 双氢青蒿素的贡献，与另外两位科学家获2015年度 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 3.crucialkrul:adj. 至关重要的;关键性的 1)Thislastpointiscrucial. 2)Thenextfewdaysaregoingtobe crucial. 3)Thepresidentwasntthereatthe crucialmoment. 疟疾(malaria)是经蚊子叮咬或输入带疟 原虫者的血液而感染疟原虫所引起的传 染病。本病主要表现为周期性规律发作 ，全身发冷、发热、多汗，长期多次发 作后，可引起贫血和脾肿大。 2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌 症研究机构将疟疾列为2A类致癌物清单 中。 4.malariamleri:n.疟疾 1)ThisyearsNobelPrizeforPhysiologyor MedicinehasbeenawardedtoTu Youyou(co-winner),whoseresearch ledtothediscoveryofartemisinin, acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria. 2)Over200millionpeoplearoundthe worldgetmalariaeachyear,and about600,000diefromit. 5.vitalvatl:adj.必不可少的; 极其重要的;充满生机的 important:adj.重要的;影响很大的 1)Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpart ofthetreatmentformalaria. 2)Thepoliceplayavitalroleinour society. 3)Readingisofvitalimportancein languagelearning. mittedkmtd:adj.坚定的; 坚信的;尽心尽力的 1)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatient scientist,wasborninNingbo, China,on30December1930. 2)Yourbrotherisacommittedmember oftheteam. mitkmt:v.承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) committeekmt:n.委员会 promise:v.许诺;保证;答应 devoteto名/代/doing: 专心于;献身于 committo+名词/代词:承诺某事 Youdonthavetocommittoanything atthemeeting. mitoneselftodo.:承诺; 保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) commitsb/oneselftosomething.: 承诺/保证什么 commitsb/oneselftodoing.: 承诺/保证做什么 becommittedto(doing)something.: 承诺/保证(做)什么 1)Bothsidescommittedthemselvesto settletheproblemsinthefuture. 2)Thechildhascommittedhimselfto studyinghardfromnowon. 3)Thelocalgovernmentiscommittedto protectingallthewildanimals inthearea. 9.academykdmi:n.学会; (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;专科院校 TheChinaAcademy:中国科学院 university:n.(综合性)大学 college:n.(英国)学院;(美国)大学; 高等专科学校 school:n.学院;大学(美国) institutensttjut:n.学院 1)Aftershegraduated,sheworkedat theChinaAcademyofTraditional ChineseMedicineinBeijing. 2)Heusedmanybadwordstodescribe ouracademy. 10.academickdemk: adj.学业的;学术的 1)AllthestudentsreturninSeptember forthestartofthenewacademic year. 2)Theiracademicstandardsarevery high. 11.objectivebdektv: n.目标;目的 adj.客观的 subjectivesbdektv:adj.主观的 purposepps:n.目的 targettt:n.目标;靶子 1)In1967,theChinesegovernment formedateamofscientistswith theobjectiveofdiscoveringanew treatmentformalaria,andTu Youyouwasamongthefirst researcherschosen. 2)Whatisthemainobjectiveofthis project? 3)Wewilltrytotakeanobjectiveview ofthesituation. 12.botanicalbtnkl: adj.植物学的 biologybald: n.生物学;生态学 plantplnt:n.植物;幼苗 1)In1969,shebecametheheadofthe projectinBeijing,anddecidedto reviewancientChinesemedical textstofindtraditionalbotanical treatmentsforthedisease. 2)Iamnotveryfamiliarwithbotanical names. 3)Severalnewbotanicalspecieshave beendiscoveredinthelastthree years. 13.evaluatevljuet:vt.评价;评估 assessses:v.评价;估算 1)Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatethe effectivenessofthedifferentdrugs. 2)Themarketsituationisdifficultto evaluate. 3)Weshouldntevaluatepeopleby theirclothes. 14.propertyprpti: n.性质;特征;财产 properprp: adj.合适的;恰当的 1)Herteamexaminedover2,000old medicaltexts,andevaluated280,000 plantsfortheirmedicalproperties. 2)Asabotanist,hetakesnotesonthe propertiesofanyplantheencounters. 3)Letscomparethephysicalproperties ofthetwometals. 4)Becarefulnottodamageother peoplesproperty. 15.distinctdstkt:adj.清晰的; 清楚的;有区别的 bedistinct/differentfrom.:与不同 clear:adj.清楚的;明显的 different:adj.不同的 various:adj.不同的;各种各样的 extinctkstkt:adj.已灭绝的 1)Fromtheirresearch,theydiscovered andtested380distinctancientChinese medicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromise inthefightagainstmalaria. 2)Hisvoicewasquietbuteveryword wasdistinct. 3)Thetwoconceptsaredistinct/ differentfromeachother. 16.extractekstrkt:n.提取物;摘录 kstrkt vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出 extraekstr： 额外的/地;特别的/地;外加的 1)Thefollowingextractistakenfrom hernewnovel. 2)Thisarticleisextractedfrommynew book. 3)Heextractedasmallnotebookfrom hispocket. 17.wormwoodwmwd:n.蒿;洋艾 sweetwormwood:青蒿 Onemedicaltextfromthefourth century suggestedusingtheextractfrom sweetwormwoodtotreatafever. Tusteamtestedacollectionof driedwormwoodleavesbutfound noeffect. sweetwormwood 18.boilbl:vt./vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开 n.沸腾;沸点 cookkk:v.煮;烹饪;烹调 n.厨师;炊事员 1)Istoodinthekitchen,waitingforthe watertoboil. 2)Youmustboilmushroomsforatleast 30minutesbeforeeatingthem. 3)Theboilingpointofwateris100 degreescentigrade. 4)Bringthewatertotheboil. 19.liquidlkwd:n.液体 adj.液体的;液态的 liquid:n.液体(普通用词、指水、 牛奶、油等液态物体) fluid:n.液体;流体(指流动的或具有流动 性的物体,可以是液态的,也可以是气态的) solidsld:n.固体 gass:n.气体;毒气;煤气; 汽油=gasoline/petrol 1)Afterhesmelledtheliquid,hiseyes begantowater. 2)Thesolidandliquidwasteare separatedbeforebeingrecycled. 20.obtainbten: vt.(尤指经努力)获得;贏得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 get(got;got/gotten)： v.获得;赚;收到;得到;挣得 win(won)wn： v.赢得;获得;挣得;取得;获胜 1)Theythentriedboilingfresh wormwood,andusingtheliquid obtainedfromthistotreatmalaria, butthisdidnotworkeither. 2)Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopy ofthedocument. 3)Thecustomstillobtainsinthedistricts. 21.acknowledgeknld: vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 know:v.-knowledgenld： n.知识;学问;知道;知晓 admit:v.承认;招供;准许进入 appreciatepriet:v.欣赏;感激 thank:n./v.谢谢;感谢 1)Iacknowledge/admitthatIhavedone somethingwrong. 2)Heiswidelyacknowledgedasthe bestplayerintheworld. 3)Sheevendidntacknowledge/thank themanwhoopenedthedoor forher. 22.defeatdfit:n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜 (常指在战争、比赛、竞争等中战胜对手) beat:v.打败;战胜(常与defeat换用) beat/defeatsb/单位at.: 在某方面打败某人/单位 win(lose)arace/match/game/ battle/war/contest/ victory/prize: 赢得/输掉比赛/战争/竞赛/胜利/奖励 1)Wewereveryimpressedbytheold man,whowasnotwilingto acknowledgedefeat. 2)However,TuYouyouwouldnot acknowledgedefeat. 3)Theworldchampionhasonlyhad twodefeatsin40fights. 23.analyse/analyzenlaz:v.分析 analysisnlss:n.分析 (复数:analyses) 1)Sheanalysedthemedicaltextsagain, andbychance,shefoundone sentencesuggestingadifferent waytotreatthewormwood. 2)Weshoulddevelopthestudents abilitytoanalyseandsolveproblems. 3)Weneedtoanalysewhatwentwrong. 24.apparentlyprntli: adv.显而易见;看来;显然 apparent:adj.显而易见的;明白易懂的; 表面上的 clearly:adv.清楚地;明显地 obviously:adv.明显地;显而易见 parentpernt:n.父亲;母亲;父母 1)Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweet wormwoodapparentlydestroyed itsmedicalproperties. 2)Apparentlythebossisnotsatisfied withyourprogress. 3)Thenewsapparentlycameasa completesurprise. 25.substancesbstns: n.物质;物品;事实根据 1)Usingalowertemperaturetodraw outtheextract,shefounda substancethatworked. 2)Soilconsistsofvariouschemical substances. 3)Water,iceandsteamarethesame substanceindifferentforms. 4)Thepolicefoundanillegalsubstance inhisbox. 5)Thereissomesubstanceinwhatshesays. 26.insistnsst: vi./vt.坚持;坚决要求 suggest,recommend,order,demand, request,require,ask,urge(强烈要求), insist(坚决要求)等接that宾语从句时, 从句用shoulddo/be结构, should可省。 1)Ididntwanttogobutheinsisted. 2)Thepresidentinsistedthathe supportedthehard-workingpeople ofthecountry. 3)Thesoldiersinsisted/insistthatthey (should)gotothebattlefieldatonce. 4)Iinsisted/insistthatthestudents (should)begivenmorehomework. 27.insiston/upon.:坚决要求 1)TuYouyouandherteammemberseven insistedontestingthemedicineon themselvestomakesurethatitwassafe. 2)Ifyouinsistonleavingnow,please goahead. 3)Sheinsistedonhis/himwearinga newsuit. 4)Wealwaysinsistonahighstandard whenthestudentsreadaloud. 28.scientificsantfk: adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的 sciencesans:n.科学;理科 scientistsantst:n.科学家 1)ItisindeedanhonourforChinasscientific researchandChinesemedicinetobe spreadaroundtheworld. 2)Weneedtobemorescientificabout thisissue. 29.mostlymstli:adv.主要地;一般地 mainly:adv.主要地;大部分;大多 1)Hisstudentsaremostlyintheirearly twenties. 2)Imostlywearblackorbluetrousers. 3)Shemostlystaysathomelooking afterthechildren. 30.wearandtearte(r): (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗 1)Doyouthinkabouttheproblemof wearandtearonthecar? 2)Thetruckshowsnosignofwear andtear. 3)Theseproductscanstandwear andtear. 31.conclusionknklun:n.结论;推论 concludeknklud: v.推断;断定;结束 draw/reach/cometoaconclusion: 得出结论 jumptoaconclusion: 匆忙得出结论 inconclusion:总而言之 1)Thejudgesconclusioniscompletely wrong. 2)Wecandrawsomeconclusionsfrom ourdiscussion. 3)Ivecometotheconclusionthathes nottherightpersonforthejob. 32.penicillinpensln: n.青霉素;盘尼西林 1)ThebooktellsusaboutAlexander Fleming,whodiscoveredpenicilin. 2)Penicillinisadrugthatkillsbacteria andisusedtotreatinfections. 3)Penicillincameintobeingasaresult ofmanyyearsofexperiments. 4)Somediseasesarequicklybrought undercontrolbypenicillin. 青霉素(penicillin)又被称为盘尼西林,青 霉素是抗菌素的一种,能破坏细菌的细胞 壁并在细菌细胞的繁殖期起杀菌作用。 青霉素是很常用的抗菌药品,但每次使用 前必须做皮试,以防过敏。 33.fleefli(fled-fled): v.迅速离开;逃跑 fleeto:逃跑到 flee(from):从逃跑 runaway(from.):逃跑;逃离 escapeskep:v.逃跑;逃避 escapefrom.:从.逃跑 1)ShefledtotheUSAafterthewar brokeout. 2)Themanwascaughttryingtoflee hishomeland. 3)TheyfledfromHongKongwith thehelpofsomeAmericans. 34.circumstanceskmstns: n.(复数)条件;环境;状况 condition:n.情况;状况;条件 in/undernocircumstances:决不 in/underthecircumstances: 在这种情况下;既然如此 1)Itwilldependonthecircumstances. 2)Undernocircumstancesshouldwe doterriblethingstootherpeople. 3)Undernormalcircumstances,Iwould sayyestoherproposal. 4)Wecantrustherinanycircumstance. 5)Therearecircumstancesinwhich wemusttakemeasurestoprotect children. 35.novelistnvlst:n.小说家 1)Theteacheraskedustolistentoa speechbyhisfavouritenovelist, J.K.Rowing. 2)MoYanisaveryfamousnovelist inChina. 3)Asanovelist,Itellstoriesandpeople givememoney. 36.novelnvl:n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;新的;与众不同的 story:n.故事;小说;新闻报道 1)Thenovelisbasedonhertravelsin Africa. 2)ThefilmisbasedonanovelbyJack Brown. 3)MarkTwainusedhischildhoodas rawmaterialforthisnovel. 37.flowfl:n.流;流动;流畅;供应 v.流;流动 1)Thewaterflowsatabout1.5metres persecond. 2)Thenursetriedtostoptheflowof bloodfromthewound. 3)Makesurethatthereisafreeflow ofairaroundthebuilding. 4)Theflowofgoodstothecityhas beencutoffbecauseofthe earthquake. 38.charttt:n.图表 v.记录;制订计划 document:n.文件;公文;文档 v.记录;记载 record:v.记录;记载;录制 1)Thisistodaysweatherchart. 2)Thebookchartsthehistoryofthe ForbiddenCity. 3)Wewillcharttheroute(线路)toour destination. flowchart flowchart 39.flowchart:流程图 1)Iwasaskedtoexplaintheproject withthehelpofaflowchart, whichwasabigchallengeforme. 2)Drawaflowcharttoshowwhatyou willdotomorrow. 40.foundfand: vt.创建;建立;把建立在 found-founded-founded find(found)fand： v.找到;发现;感觉;认为 establishstbl:v.建立;创立 1)Theywillfoundaclubnextmonth. 2)TheChineseCommunistPartywas foundedinShanghaionJuly1,1921. 41.infernf(r):vt.推断;推定 【refer,infer,prefer,occur,stir,star等 要双写r后,再加ed/ing;offer,suffer 不双写,直接加ed/ing】 1)Whatcanyouinferfromthetext/ passage/article? 2)Weshouldtrytoinferthemeanings ofnewwordsfromthecontext. 3)Iinferredfromthenewsthatthe driverwasresponsibleforthe accident. 42.politicianpltn: n.从政者;政治家;政客 politicalpltkl:adj.政治的;党派的 politicspltks:n.政治 1)Sheremainsthemostpopularpolitician inEurope. 2)Asapolitician,heknowshowto makeaspeechinpublic. 43.numerousnjumrs: adj.众多的;许多的 numbernmb:n.数字;数目 anumberof(+复数名):许多 thenumberof(+复数名):的数字 1)Theadvantagesofthissystemaretoo numeroustomention. 2)Hisviewshavebeenexpressedinhis numerousspeeches. 3)Inamall,therearenumerousdepartments sellingdifferentkindsofgoods. 44.theoryri:n.理论;学说 putthetheoryintopractice: 将理论付诸/用于实践 intheory:理论上;按理说 1)Thestatisticsofferfurthersupport forourtheory. 2)Yourtheoryprovedtobewrong/right. 45.relativityreltvti: n.相对论;相对性 TheTheoryofRelativity:相对论 TheGeneralTheoryofRelativity: 广义相对论 TheSpecialTheoryofRelativity: 狭义相对论 AccordingtotheTheoryofRelativity, nothingcantravelfasterthanlight. 46.formulafmjl: n.公式;方程式;配方 1)Hemadenumerouscontributionsto theworld,themostwell-known beingthegeneraltheoryof relativityandthefamousformula E=mc2. 2)Thisformulaisusedtocalculatethe areaofacircle. 3)Thegirlaskedtheteacherhowto applythechemicalformula. 4)HehasdecidedtoretirefromFormula Oneracingattheendoftheseason. 5)Dotheyknowthesecretformula forthisdrink? 47.geniusdinis: n.天才;天资;天赋 giftft:n.礼物;天赋 giftedftd: adj.有天赋的;有才华的 haveagift/geniusfor: 对有天赋 1)Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;he wasacourageousandkindfigure lovedbymanypeople. 2)Themanisareal/truegeniusbuthe hasdifficultyexpressinghimself. 3)Hewasageniusinbothscience andart. 4)Thegirlhasageniusfor(studying) languages. 48.gentledentl:adj.温柔的;文静的 gently:adv.温柔地;文静地 (terriblecomfortablesimplegentle) 1)Thisgentlegeniuswasbornin Germanyon14March,1879. 2)Mysonisaquietandgentleman wholikessportsandenjoyslife. 3)Youshouldbegentlewithyour husbandinpublic. 49.patentptnt/petnt:n.专利; 专利证书;获得专利 adj.有专利的;受专利保护的 applyfor/obtain/getapatenton/foran invention:申请/获得发明专利权 applyfor/obtain/getapatenton/for.: 申请/获得.专利权 apatentapplication/law/medicine: 专利申请/专利法/专利药 1)Aftertwoyearsoflookingforwork asateacher,Einsteintookajob asaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice. 2)Thenewmachineisprotectedby patent. 3)Theyhavegotapatentfortheir machine. 4)Thepatentrunsout(过期;失效)in twentyyears. 50.passionpn:n.酷爱;激情 feeling:n.感情;情感 emotion:n.情感;情绪 haveapassionfor.:热爱;酷爱 1)Hemadeaspeechwithgreatpassion. 2)Theoldwomanhasapassionfor dancing. 3)TheChinesepeoplehaveapassion forpeace. 51.doctoratedktrt:n.博士学位 =doctorsdegree:博士学位 take/receive/get/obtain/earna(ones) doctorsdegree(in.): 获得博士学位 take/receive/get/obtain/earna(ones) doctorate(in.): 获得博士学位 1)Whileworkingthere,outofastrong passionforknowledge,he continuedtostudy,earninga doctorateinphysicsin1905. 2)Shesstudyingforherdoctoratein theUSA. 3)Heobtainedhisdoctorateinmaths lastyear. 52.extraordinarykstrdnri: adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的 ordinarydnri:adj.普通的; 平常的;一般的;平凡的 extraekstr:adj.额外的;附加的 adv.额外;另外;特别 1)Thatsameyear,whichwaslater recordedasamiracle(奇迹)year inscience,hepublishedfour extraordinaryphysicspapers. 2)Chinahasmadeextraordinary progressinthelast40years. 3)Sheisatrulyextraordinarywoman. 4)Hewasamanofextraordinary abilities. 53.graduallyrduli: adv.逐渐地;逐步地 gradual:adj.逐渐的;逐步的;不陡的 1)Followingthis,hegraduallybecame famousthroughouttheworldas thenewIsaacNewton. 2)Theweatherwillgraduallyimprove. 3)Gradually,thechildrenbeganto understandit. 54.photoelectricftlektrk: adj.光电的 photoft:n.照片;相片 electriclektrk:adj.电的; 用电的;电动的 In1922,hewasawardedthe1921 NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis explanationofthephotoelectric effect. etopower:(开始)掌权;上台 cometo/intopower:上台;执政 beinpower:执政 returntopower:重新执政 1)Circumstanceschangedin1933,when HitlercametopowerinGermany. 2)Afterwards,whenHitlerwasinpower there,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany. 56.institutionnsttjun: n.社会公共机构;制度;习俗 1)Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthe doorsofacademicinstitutions closedtohim. 2)Herdaughterworksataneducational institution. 3)Ibelieveintheinstitutionofmarriage. 57.institutensttjut:n. (教育、专业等)机构;学院;机构建筑 MassachusettsInstituteofTechnolog: 麻省理工学院 CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology: 加州理工学院 1)TheNationalCancerInstitutenow canquicklyprovideinformation. 2)Mysonworksatthelocalscience institute. 58.consequenceknskwns: n.结果;后果 inconsequenceofsth=asaresultofsth ： 由于;因为;作为的结果(状) dueto:由于;因为(表、状) owingto.:由于;因为(状) thanksto.:幸亏;多亏;由于;因为(状) becauseofwhat/名词:因为(状) because/since/as/for+陈述句： 由于;因为 1)Asaconsequencehehadtoflee Germany. 2)Thereisnothingwecandotohelp Linda,whosecircumstancesare beyondourcontrol. 3)Inconsequenceofyourbadwork, Iwillhavetofireyou. 4)Haveyouconsideredtheconsequences ofyourfailure/thewar? 59.takeupaposition:担任;任职 1)Aft